St Bartholomew's Hospital

About: St Bartholomew's Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 11054 authors who have published 13229 publications receiving 501102 citations. The organization is also known as: St. Bartholomew's Hospital & The Royal Hospital of St Bartholomew.

Greater risk of severe COVID-19 in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations is not explained by cardiometabolic, socioeconomic or behavioural factors, or by 25(OH)-vitamin D status: study of 1326 cases from the UK Biobank.

Abstract: Background We examined whether the greater severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) amongst men and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals is explained by cardiometabolic, socio-economic or behavioural factors Methods We studied 4510 UK Biobank participants tested for COVID-19 (positive, n = 1326) Multivariate logistic regression models including age, sex and ethnicity were used to test whether addition of (1) cardiometabolic factors [diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, prior myocardial infarction, smoking and body mass index (BMI)]; (2) 25(OH)-vitamin D; (3) poor diet; (4) Townsend deprivation score; (5) housing (home type, overcrowding) or (6) behavioural factors (sociability, risk taking) attenuated sex/ethnicity associations with COVID-19 status Results There was over-representation of men and BAME ethnicities in the COVID-19 positive group BAME individuals had, on average, poorer cardiometabolic profile, lower 25(OH)-vitamin D, greater material deprivation, and were more likely to live in larger households and in flats/apartments Male sex, BAME ethnicity, higher BMI, higher Townsend deprivation score and household overcrowding were independently associated with significantly greater odds of COVID-19 The pattern of association was consistent for men and women; cardiometabolic, socio-demographic and behavioural factors did not attenuate sex/ethnicity associations Conclusions In this study, sex and ethnicity differential pattern of COVID-19 was not adequately explained by variations in cardiometabolic factors, 25(OH)-vitamin D levels or socio-economic factors Factors which underlie ethnic differences in COVID-19 may not be easily captured, and so investigation of alternative biological and genetic susceptibilities as well as more comprehensive assessment of the complex economic, social and behavioural differences should be prioritised

Strategies for prevention of osteoporosis and hip fracture.

Abstract: In England in 1985, 37600 people aged 65 years and over fractured a hip.' On average 3170 acute hospital beds a day were committed to people over 65 with hip fracture-nearly a quarter of all orthopaedic beds. Table I shows the age and sex distribution of patients with hip fracture. In all, 82% of those aged 65 and over were women, ofwhom 83% were aged 75 and over. On the basis of the present incidence (table II) almost one women in four living to the age of 90 in England can expect to have a hip fracture. Age specific rates

Local treatments for metastases of renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review

Abstract: Local treatment of metastases such as metastasectomy or radiotherapy remains controversial in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. To investigate the benefits and harms of various local treatments, we did a systematic review of all types of comparative studies on local treatment of metastases from renal cell carcinoma in any organ. Interventions included metastasectomy, radiotherapy modalities, and no local treatment. The results suggest that patients treated with complete metastasectomy have better survival and symptom control (including pain relief in bone metastases) than those treated with either incomplete or no metastasectomy. Nevertheless, the available evidence was marred by high risks of bias and confounding across all studies. Although the findings presented here should be interpreted with caution, they and the identified gaps in knowledge should provide guidance for clinicians and researchers, and directions for further research.

Expression of functional leptin receptors in rodent Leydig cells

Abstract: Several studies indicate that the size of body fat stores and the circulating levels of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin are able to influence the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The leptin-hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal interactions have been mainly studied at the level of the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the possibility that leptin may have direct effects on the rodent Leydig cell function. To probe this hypothesis, we first analyzed the expression of leptin receptors (OB-R) in rodent Leydig cells in culture. RT-PCR studies showed that rat Leydig cells express both the long (OB-Rb) and short isoform (OB-Ra) of leptin receptor, whereas MLTC-1 cells (a murine Leydig tumor cell line) express only the long isoform. Short-term (30 ‐90 min) incubation of rat Leydig cells with increasing concentrations of leptin (2‐500 ng/ml) led to a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of human (h)CGstimulated testosterone (T) production (;60% reduction, IC50 5 20 ng/ml) but no change in basal androgen release. Also, leptin (150 ng/ml) amplified hCG-induced intracellular cAMP formation (1- to 2-fold) without modifying basal cAMP levels. Subsequent experiments showed that leptin inhibited 8Br-cAMP-stimulated T production, indicating that leptin’s effect is exerted beyond cAMP. The inhibitory effect of leptin on hCG-induced T secretion was accompanied by a significant reduction of androstenedione and a concomitant rise of the precursor metabolites pregnenolone, progesterone, and 17-OHprogesterone, conceivable with a leptin-induced lesion of 17,20 lyase activity. Separate experiments performed with the MLTC-1 cells (not expressing cytochrome P450 ‐17a) showed that leptin, though amplifying hCG-stimulated cAMP production, did not modify hCG-stimulated pregnenolone and progesterone release. These results further indicate that leptin action on steroidogenesis occurs downstream of progesterone synthesis. Northern Blot experiments showed no acute effect of leptin on cytochrome P450 ‐17a messenger RNA accumulation in rat Leydig cells in basal and hCG-stimulated conditions, excluding that the rapid changes observed were caused by messenger RNA degradation. In conclusion, these findings, for the first time, show that leptin has direct, receptor-mediated actions on rodent Leydig cells in culture, at concentrations within the range of obese men. (Endocrinology 140: 4939 ‐ 4947, 1999)

Myeloablative therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation as consolidation therapy for recurrent follicular lymphoma.

Abstract: PURPOSETo assess myeloablative therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in younger patients with follicular lymphoma in the hope of prolonging remission duration and survival.PATIENTS AND METHODSSince June 1985, 64 patients with follicular lymphoma have received cyclophosphamide (CY) 60 mg/kg x 2 and total-body irradiation (TBI) 2 Gy x 6 supported by ABMT as consolidation of second or subsequent remission. The marrow mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction was treated in vitro with three cycles of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) anti-CD20 and baby rabbit complement before cryopreservation. At the time of treatment, 34 patients were in complete remission (CR), and 30 had residual disease present.RESULTSThe median time to engraftment was 28 days (range, 15 to 46) for both a neutrophil count greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L and a platelet count greater than 20 x 10(9)/L. Engraftment did not occur in one patient who died at 12 weeks, and three patients (excluded from the range) have had delayed recovery (> ...