Showing papers by "St. Jude Children's Research Hospital published in 1971"
TL;DR: It was concluded that the residual activity associated with the purified enzyme was due to an incomplete removal of the activator from the enzyme.
501 citations
TL;DR: Cranial radiation and intrathecal methotrexate given early in remission were added to combination chemotherapy in an attempt to prevent or delay central nervous system relapse and termination of complete remission.
312 citations
TL;DR: Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in complete remission were randomized between 2 combination chemotherapy schedules for continuation of their remissions, indicating a 17 per cent 5‐year leukemia‐free survival rate.
Abstract: Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in complete remission were randomized between 2 combination chemotherapy schedules for continuation of their remissions. One group received full dosage of 4 antileukemic drugs, and the other received half dosage of the same compounds. Median durations of complete remission and of hematologic remission were longer in the full-dosage than half-dosage group. Four out of 21 patients in the full-dosage group continue in their initial complete remission for 40 to 48 months and have been off treatment for 3 months to 1 year. Nine in the full-dosage group and 4 in the half-dosage group remain in continuous hematologic remission for 40 to 55 months. Review of results of previous combination chemotherapy studies of childhood lymphocytic leukemia at this hospital indicated a 17 per cent 5-year leukemia-free survival rate.
220 citations
TL;DR: In contrast to the extensive iodination of lipid usually found with chemical iodination procedures, the enzymatic method resulted in very little iodine incorporation into lipid of X-7 virus.
143 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that channel catfish virus is a herpesvirus, and indirect determinations with labeled precursors and a metabolic inhibitor showed evidence of deoxyribonucleic acid.
Abstract: Channel catfish virus was studied in ictalurid fish cell culture, the only system of fish, amphibian, avian, and mammalian cells found to be susceptible. Channel catfish virus infection resulted in intranuclear inclusions and extensive syncytium formation. Replication occurred from 10 to 33 C, but not higher. Best growth was from 25 to 33 C, and the amount of virus released nearly equalled the amount which remained cell-associated. The virus was labile to lipid solvents, and indirect determinations with labeled precursors and a metabolic inhibitor showed evidence of deoxyribonucleic acid. Electron microscopy showed progeny virus, about 100 nm in diameter, in various stages of development in cell nuclei by 4 hr. Present also were nuclear masses of exceptionally electron-dense lamellar material, with a unit dimension of 10 to 15 nm. Virus was enveloped at the nuclear membrane and in cytoplasmic vacuoles, resulting in virions having a diameter of 175 to 200 nm. Negative staining demonstrated icosehedral symmetry and 162 capsomeres. Our data indicate that channel catfish virus is a herpesvirus.
136 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that intensive chemotherapy combined with local radiotherapy results in long disease‐free remissions and prevents or delays development of leukemia.
Abstract: Localized and regional lymphosarcoma in children has a limited prognosis when treated with conventional therapy. Recurrences and conversion to acute leukemia occur in a significant proportion of patients. In this study, intensive combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given to 8 children with localized or regional lymphosarcoma. Initially, they received prednisone and vincristine along with cobalt60 radiotherapy to physically detectable tumor sites. This was followed by daily administration of 6‐mercaptopurine, weekly methotrexate and cyclophosphamide, and 15‐day courses of prednisone and vincristine every 10 weeks. Six children attained remission and are currently well for 16‐27 months. One child died in complete remission of viral pneumonia after 5 months of continuation therapy. Another child showed only a partial and temporary response. We conclude that intensive chemotherapy combined with local radiotherapy results in long disease‐free remissions and prevents or delays development of leukemia.
65 citations
TL;DR: Although mumps virus replication was severely inhibited by high concentrations of actinomycin D, some virus was made, and virus-specific RNA species accumulated in infected cells, and the virion-associated RNA species sedimenting slower than 50S contained some nucleotide sequences similar to 50S virion RNA.
Abstract: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) species in mumps virions and in infected cells were compared. The predominant RNA species in virions labeled with 3H-uridine sedimented at 50S; RNA species sedimenting at 28, 18, and about 10S were also present. The virion-associated RNA species sedimenting slower than 50S contained some nucleotide sequences similar to 50S virion RNA. Although mumps virus replication was severely inhibited by high concentrations of actinomycin D, some virus was made, and virus-specific RNA species accumulated in infected cells. Mumps virus resembled other paramyxoviruses in inducing, in infected cells, synthesis not only of 50S RNA but also of slower sedimenting RNA species with a peak distribution at about 18S, complementary in base sequences to 50S virion RNA. In addition, base sequences of the parental type were relatively abundant in the RNA species sedimenting slower than 50S; these may represent precursors of the slowly sedimenting RNA species associated with virions. Ribonuclease-resistant RNA was detected in infected cells; this may represent replicative or transcriptive intermediates. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide severely depressed accumulation of labeled 50S RNA in infected cells but did not interfere with accumulation of RNA species sedimenting slower than 50S. Actinomycin D treatment had a similar effect. Annealing of genomes and virus-induced complementary RNA species of Newcastle disease virus, Sendai virus, and mumps virus did not reveal any base sequence homologies.
59 citations
TL;DR: Re-examined the membrane protein employing SDS electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels with varying cross linkage and confirmed that a 90,000 molecular weight protein is exposed on the human erythrocyte membrane.
59 citations
TL;DR: The Sendai virion enzyme was compared with an RNA polymerase in the microsomal fraction of infected cells and both enzymes made predominantly single-stranded RNA which was complementary in base sequences to 50S virion RNA.
Abstract: Sendai virions contain an enzyme which catalyzes the incorporation of ribonucleotides into ribonucleic acid (RNA). Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 8.0 and 28 C; otherwise conditions were similar to those reported for Newcastle disease virion (NDV) RNA polymerase. The initial rate of RNA synthesis by the Sendai virion enzyme was about 10 pmoles per mg of protein per hr, but after 3 hr of incubation the rate increased about fivefold. The virion enzyme was compared with an RNA polymerase in the microsomal fraction of infected cells. Both enzymes made predominantly single-stranded RNA which was complementary in base sequences to 50S virion RNA. Most of the RNA synthesized by the virion polymerase sedimented at 16S, but the product of the microsomal enzyme sedimented at about 8S.
56 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented which rules out factors other than genetic exchange to account for the recombination frequencies obtained and heat inactivation kinetics indicated that none of the mutants was more temperature-sensitive than the wild-type FV 3.
55 citations
TL;DR: A cyclic 3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase of human blood was mostly localized in the platelets and the leukocytes and was inhibited by EDTA, ATP and other nucleoside triphosphates.
TL;DR: The high frequency and the persistence of hepatic changes following L‐asparaginase could have an influence on subsequent therapy with other antileukemic agents that are metabolized by the liver or are themselves potentially hepatotoxic.
Abstract: Histologic sections of liver obtained at postmortem examination from 31 patients who received L‐asparaginase therapy for various hematologic malignancies were reviewed to define the incidence, severity, and duration of fatty metamorphosis. Twenty‐seven of the patients had hepatic lipidosis of varying degrees of severity up to 261 days following the last dose of L‐asparaginase. The high frequency and the persistence of hepatic changes following L‐asparaginase could have an influence on subsequent therapy with other antileukemic agents that are metabolized by the liver or are themselves potentially hepatotoxic.
TL;DR: The effect of a mixture of paired divalent cations on phosphodiesterase was studied, and it was found that the stimulation afforded by a pair of stimulatory cations was invariably less than the sum of that by the individual cations.
TL;DR: It is felt that ultrastructural analysis can be of value in separating pure monocytic leukaemia from myelo‐monocyticLeukaemia and the fine structure of these monoblasts was compared with that of myeloblasts to point out distinguishing features.
Abstract: Summary. Bone marrdw specimens from four cases of pure monocytic leukaemia. (Schilling type) and three cases of myelo-monocytic leukaemia (Naegeli type) were examined by electron microscopy. The hallmark of the monoblasts and more mature monocytoid forms was the extreme nuclear irregularity with frequent nuclear bridges and blebs. Abundant cytoplasm with a serrated margin, dense granules, numerous pinocytic vesicles and vacuoles, frequent peri-nuclear fibrillar bands and a well-developed Golgi zone served as additional criteria for identifying monoblasts. Various stages in the maturation of monoblasts were observed. Stem cells possessed a large round nucleus which became extremely folded with increasing maturity. The graduai appearance of condensed chromatin paralleled this nuclear polymorphism. The fine structure of these monoblasts was compared with that of myeloblasts to point out distinguishing features. It is felt that ultrastructural analysis can be of value in separating pure monocytic leukaemia from myelo-monocytic leukaemia.
TL;DR: The data provide unequivocal evidence that lactoperoxidase catalyzes iodination of tyrosine directly and not via a spontaneous reaction of enzyme generated I 2 with tyosine.
TL;DR: A comparison of pronase treated cells and untreated cells show that pronase treatment of intact human erythrocytes results in the alteration of three membrane proteins with molecular weights of 90,000, 95, thousands, 105,000 and reduces their molecular size.
TL;DR: The data paper to suggest that tyrosine acts as a co-factor in this reaction and is not converted to DOPA and the significance of these observations in histochemical studies of melanin formation is discussed.
TL;DR: On dental radiographs, the earliest signs of acute leukemia occurred in the molar regions and the apical portion of the alveolar bone.
Abstract: A review was undertaken of 374 panoramic dental radiographs of 214 children admitted to a hospital for the diagnosis or treatment, or both, of acute leukemia. The radiographs were studied for loss or thinning of the crypts of developing teeth and of the lamina dura of erupted teeth, and for the displacement of teeth. On dental radiographs, the earliest signs of acute leukemia occurred in the molar regions and the apical portion of the alveolar bone. Alternations of the jaws were shown for 62.9% of the children with active leukemia.
TL;DR: At low pH values and in the presence of excess peroxide, lactoperoxidases and horseradish peroxidase will catalyze the stoichiometric oxidation of iodide to iodine, which has made possible a reassessment of the extinction coefficients of aqueous I2 and I3−, and of the iodine-triiodide equilibrium constant.
TL;DR: The result indicates that protein synthesis during K + depletion is not regulated by the polysome content of the cells, and a large proportion of the messenger RNA synthesized duringK + depletion does not seem to be associated with ribosomes or subunits.
TL;DR: It was concluded that interference was an intracellular event affecting an early step in virus replication, and competition by I particles for cell sites or substrates needed by standard virus seemed a less likely mechanism of interference than competition for enzymes specified bystandard virus.
Abstract: Incomplete Sendai virus particles (I particles) interfered with the replication of several strains of infectious Sendai virions (standard virus) but not with the replication of Newcastle disease virus, mumps virus, or Sindbis virus. I particles did not induce interferon, and ultraviolet irradiation of I particles abolished their ability to interfere. Protein synthesis was not necessary to establish interference. The degree of interference depended on the interval between exposure of cells to the I particles and challenge by standard virus, and this was reflected in the degree of inhibition of virus-specific ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in infected cells. The most dramatic change was decreased accumulation of 50S virus-specific RNA in infected cells. RNA species sedimenting slower than 50S were not as markedly reduced in total amount, but hybridization experiments showed that a substantial portion of these slowly sedimenting RNA species were plus strands, presumably representing replicas of the RNA species in I particles. When I particles in insufficient numbers to interfere were added to cells as late as 8 hr after standard virus, there were no obvious changes in virus-specific RNA species in the cells; however, significant amounts of 19 and 25S RNA species, representing progeny of the I particles, appeared in the culture medium. It was concluded that interference was an intracellular event affecting an early step in virus replication. Competition by I particles for cell sites or substrates needed by standard virus seemed a less likely mechanism of interference than competition for enzymes specified by standard virus.
TL;DR: Protein synthesis in a rat brain mitochondrial preparation purified by centrifugation through a ficoll gradient is inhibited by chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline but not by cycloheximide, establishing that rat brain mitochondria is similar to liver mitochondria in its sensitivity to these antibiotics.
TL;DR: Eleven children with untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia at high risk for treatment failure were given a combination of prednisone, vincristine, daunomycin, and L‐asparaginase for remission induction and achieved complete remission marrow in a median time of 18 days.
Abstract: Eleven children with untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia at high risk for treatment failure were given a combination of prednisone, vincristine, daunomycin, and L‐asparaginase for remission induction. Negro children and those with marked leukocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly, symptomatic visceral infiltration, or other evidence of advanced disease qualified for this study. All 11 patients achieved complete remission marrow in a median time of 18 days. Reversible drug toxicity attributable to L‐asparaginase included azotemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperamylasemia, coagulation defects, and weight loss.
TL;DR: A procedure for the isolation and purification of a thyroid peroxidase complex is presented and gives yields of 30–50% of the per oxidase present in the thyroid.
TL;DR: 2,3-Dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole has been shown to inhibit DNA synthesis in animal cells growing in culture, but has no effect on bacterial cells.
TL;DR: Recurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis occurred in 2 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia approximately 7 months after recovery from the initial infections which had been treated with pentamidine isethionate.
TL;DR: Viral RNA was synthesized in cells blocked in their capacity for protein synthesis by cycloheximide treatment, suggesting that an RNA polymerase is an integral component of the PCDV virion.
TL;DR: Any dentist treating children should be aware of oral manifestations of childhood leukemia and assume an active role in the care of children undergoing treatment for the disease.
Abstract: A study was made of oral findings in children admitted to St. Jude Children’s Hospital for diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. Data are presented on all patients in whom any oral finding commonly considered suggestive was recorded. Leukemia remains one of the most dreaded and emotion-provoking diseases of childhood. Any dentist treating children should be aware of oral manifestations of childhood leukemia and assume an active role in the care of children undergoing treatment for the disease.
TL;DR: It is concluded that children with ALL receiving intensive combination therapy require relatively small quantities of fresh blood components and that most components are given after relapse during experimental chemotherapy.
Abstract: The increasing demand and the expense of obtaining and dispensing fresh human blood components prompted this study of the actual quantities used during intensive combination therapy of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). All the platelet/leukocyte‐rich plasma (PRP), fresh whole blood (FW‐B), and packed red blood cells (RBC) given to 128 children from 1962–70 were tabulated. The transfusions were subdivided by status of patient's disease, stage of therapy, therapeutic regimen, and primary indication. During the entire period of remission induction and combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the average child was given 3.2 units of PRP and 2.5 transfusions of FWB and RBC. In contrast, over 20 PRP units and over six FWB and RBC transfusions were given to the average child during the period of experimental chemotherapy after hematologic relapse and to children who were remission‐induction failures. The quantities given during each stage of disease in sequential therapeutic regimens were remarkably similar despite the 8‐year span of study. We conclude that children with ALL receiving intensive combination therapy require relatively small quantities of fresh blood components and that most components are given after relapse during experimental chemotherapy.