Showing papers by "St Thomas' Hospital published in 1969"

Relationship of menstrual irregularities to BMI and nutritional status in adolescent girls.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of Body Mass Index and nutritional status on the menstrual pattern in adolescent girls Methods: Four hundred one adolescent girls who attained menarche were selected from five schools in Hyderabad. The data was collected by trained medical undergraduate and postgraduates by interviewing adolescent school girls using a pre-designed pre-tested questionnaire. BMI was calculated using the formula: BMI (kg/m 2 ) = Weight (kg) / Height 2 (m 2 ). Hb was estimated by Sahlis method using a haemoglobinometer. Data was analyzed using SPSS 11.0. Results: The mean age of the girls was 14.96 +/- 1.5 years. Three hundred and five (76%) of the girls had a normal menstrual cycle, twenty-eight (7 %) had frequent periods, fifty-two (13%) had infrequent periods and sixteen (4%) of the girls had totally irregular cycles and a pattern could not be determined. Three hundred and five (76%) of girls had a normal menstrual flow, sixty-eight (17%) had heavy flow and twentyeight (7%) had scanty flow. One hundred fifty two (38%) of girls complained of premenstrual symptoms. Two hundred thirty one (60%) girls were clinically anemic. Two hundred and seventy seven (69%) had a BMI between 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m 2. One hundred and eight (27%) were underweight with a BMI of 14 – 18.49kg/m 2 , while sixteen (4%) were overweight with BMI 25 – 29.99 kg/m 2 . A statistically significant relationship was found between BMI and social class (P < 0.001) and BMI and menstrual pattern P < 0.001). Conclusion: The study concludes that a majority of the girls had clinically obvious nutritional deficiency diseases. Out of the four hundred and one girls who were checked, two hundred thirty one were found to be anemic. Majority of the girls (84%) had a normal menstrual pattern, normal BMI and attained menarche before the age of 16. Overweight girls had infrequent periods.

Radical resection for tumours involving the posterior urethra1

Abstract: SUMMARY Four patients, two with primary carcinoma of the deep urethra and two with lesions invading that region by direct spread, are presented. Treatment by radical resection including the surrounding pubic arch is described. The two patients with primary urethral carcinoma are alive and well, one and seven years respectively following surgery.

Chronic bronchitis, smoking and social class: A study among working people in the towns of Mid and East Cheshire

Abstract: Summary Sixty-four thousand and twenty-four volunteers for mass radiography were questioned about their smoking habits, sputum production and occupation Those who claimed sputum on most days of the year or on most days for at least 3 months of the year were classified as chronic bronchitics provided that their symptoms had been present for at least the last 2 years and that their chest radiographs did not reveal non-bronchitic disease which could have caused the sputum An analysis of the results reveals that there is a rise in the rates of chronic bronchitis with increase in age, with increase in tobacco consumption and, in past and present tobacco smokers, with decline in social class The validity of the data is considered and the findings are discussed It is concluded that among these volunteers tobacco smoking and particularly cigarette smoking is the most important factor associated with chronic bronchitis If these findings apply to the population of the United Kingdom the cessation of cigarette smoking would greatly decrease the prevalence of chronic bronchitis

Effect of x-radiation on salivary gland growth in the rat. i. effect of single doses on post-natal differentiation and growth of acinar and duct components.

Abstract: SummaryAdaptive growth of salivary tissues in the rat (growth phase of sialadenotrophism), induced by treatment with isopropylnoradrenaline (ISOP), was principally due to the hypertrophy of acinar cells assisted by a relatively short and limited phase of acinar-cell hyperplasia (cell division) which caused corresponding increases in total glandular DNA. This hyperplastic component of growth was radiosensitive. Increases in glandular protein and RNA due to cell hypertrophy were radioresistant. Decreases in gland-weight, protein, RNA and DNA, which occurred rapidly after treatment with ISOP had been terminated (regression phase), were due to (a) regression of cell hypertrophy and (b) loss of super-numerary acinar cells that had accumulated during the growth phase. Local irradiation (1500 rads) failed to affect the rates of regression of hypertrophy and cell loss. Secretion and resynthesis of salivary enzyme (amylase) by parotid gland, which had become enlarged in rats treated with ISOP, were similarly radio...

A case of bilateral ureteric obstruction following obstetrical trauma1

Abstract: SUMMARY This patient presented both anuric and uraemic, after a failed trial of forceps and subsequent Caesarian section. A period of hypotension had followed and a diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis seemed likely. Renography showed an obstructive pattern and investigation confirmed obstruction to both ureters. The patient has subsequently made a full recovery.

The laboratory diagnosis of enzyme defects in the red cell.

Abstract: The aim ofthis brief account is to consider available techniques for the diagnosis of congenital red-cell abnormalities. For the detection of these enzyme abnormalities, screening tests are first carried out, followed by specific enzyme assays. Initial screening involves the osmotic fragility test, the autohaemolysis test, glutathione levels and examinations for the presence of methaemoglobin and Heinz bodies. Simple screening tests for particular enzymes are available in only a few instances. The rarity of the majority of enzyme defects makes it unlikely that the relevant assay is available routinely and for this reason source references to assays are given. Red cells contain many enzymes but only a small proportion seems essential to sustain overall metabolism. Deficiency of an inessential enzyme would not be expected to shorten the life of the red cell and this is so with galactokinase, galacto-I-phosphate uridyl transferase (galactosaemia) orotidylic pyrophosphorylase and orotidylic decarboxylase, whose decreased activity in red cclls is an apparently harmless accompaniment to their deficiency in other tissues. Amongst enzymes important for red-cell viability a number have been reported congenitally deficient: these are given in Table I, which also shows the common abbreviations used in the present text. These enzymes are eithcr glycolytic, linked to glycolysis (diaphorase) or independent of glycolysis (catalase). With the exception of glucosed-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, of which there are a calculated IOO million cases, reports of these deficiencies are at present rare. They are not always associated with a haemolytic anaemia, but when this does occur it indicates a honiozygous defect, for heterozygotes are usually unaffected. Some are associated with haemolytic anaemia only in the presence of drugs. In hereditary spherocytosis (HS), whilst metabolic dysfunction has been amply demonstrated, no single enzyme abnormality is at present implicated. Heterogeneity of both essential and inessential red-cell enzymes is increasingly being demonstrated by the electrophoresis technique. Apart from isoenzyine patterns of several of the enzymes in the red cells of individual subjects, different patterns between subjects are common (cf. Harris, Hopkinson, Luffman and Rapley, 1968). It is also becoming clear that enzyme abnormalities occur as mutants rathcr than as deficiencies and for G6PD at least 20 variants are known. Laboratory investigations are considered under the headings of preliminary screening and the definition of specific enzyme defects.

Severe Acidosis During a Painful Sickle Cell Crisis

Abstract: Discussion A threefold increase in the incidence of G-6-P-D deficiency has been reported in Africans with sickle cell anemia (Lewis et al. 1966). However, the deficiency may be masked by a high reticulocyte count, these cells being rich in G-6-P-D. Naturally analgesics are given during painful crises, but the fact that virtually all are potential hmmolytic agents in the presence of G-6-P-D deficiency should be borne in mind.

Endolymphatic radiotherapy. a comparison of radiogold and radioiodine against the vx2 tumor in the rabbit.

Abstract: Comparison of the radioisotopes of iodine and gold was made by a controlled trial treating lymph node metastases from VX2 tumor in the rabbit by the endolymphatic route. Control animals received tumor inoculation only, and 2 further groups received either 4mCi 131I radioiodine in ultrafluid lipiodol or 8mCi Au198 colloidal radiogold. The primary tumor was excised at 8 to 10 days after inoculation in all animals. Pelvic node weight was the main factor on which the trial was assessed. A significant difference in node weight was found between the treated and control groups, but there was no significant difference between the treated groups. No significant increased incidence of lung metastases was found in animals receiving endolymphatic infusions.