Showing papers by "St Thomas' Hospital published in 1978"
TL;DR: Questions are made on questionnaire techniques and methods of scoring satisfaction which should improve the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of measures and the basis on which consumer's opinions are formulated requires detailed investigation so that expressions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction can be interpreted in the context of perceived needs for and expectations of care.
500 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the primary lesion in the calcium paradox is the separation of the basement membrane from the sarcolemma and the energy-dependent loss of intracellular calcium to the extracellular space during the phase of calcium depletion.
485 citations
TL;DR: Using a rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic cardiac arrest, magnesium is found to be a highly effective component of protective infusates which can be additive to hypothermia and other protective agents.
245 citations
TL;DR: Between May 1, 1976, and May 14, 1977, 343 of 1056 5-day-old babies in newborn nurseries excreted rotaviruses, and infection appeared in the new wards, including those admitting only new patients, within a short period.
184 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the efficacy of three infusates in a rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic cardiac arrest indicates that the St. Thomas' Hospital solution is an effective protective agent under all conditions studied but the Bretschneider solution is effective only under hypothermic conditions and the Kirsch solution is ineffective and may exacerbate tissue injury.
155 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons between resurfacing endometrial epithelial cells in vivo and epithelium cells migrating from explants in vitro suggested that this initial epithelial migration in vitro was the counterpart of the repair response in vivo.
Abstract: Separation of human endometrium into its epithelial and stromal components has been achieved through collagenase digestion and has permitted a study of these two cell populations under specific experimental culture conditions The stromal cell populations showed a progesterone response, were easily handled in culture, and displayed a limited in vitro life span typical of human diploid fibroblasts In contrast, epithelium only survived in short-term primary culture and showed no clear hormone response High-density epithelial cultures remained viable for longer periods in culture Comparisons between resurfacing endometrial epithelial cells in vivo and epithelial cells migrating from explants in vitro suggested that this initial epithelial migration in vitro was the counterpart of the repair response in vivo
133 citations
TL;DR: Using an isolated, working rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic cardiac arrest, it is shown that under certain conditions these additives can be deterimental to tissue protection.
107 citations
TL;DR: Observations have supported the proposal that HDL may exert a protective effect against coronary atherosclerosis, and preliminary findings from Tromsø have suggested that apolipoprotein AI may be less powerful than HDL cholesterol as a predictor of CHD.
Abstract: It has long been recognized that patients with clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) have, on average, higher concentrations of plasma very low density and low density lipoproteins than do healthy subjects. The same studies clearly demonstrated that coronary victims tend also to have low plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL). It is only recently, however, that the possible significance of this second observation has been examined. Direct evidence for an inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol concentration and the prevalence of clinical CHD, independent of other plasma lipoproteins, has been provided by the Honolulu Heart and Cooperative Lipoprotein Phenotyping Studies. The Tromso Heart and Framingham Studies subsequently demonstrated that this relationship precedes the clinical manifestation of coronary disease. More recently, angiographic studies have confirmed that the severity of existing coronary atherosclerosis is inversely related to HDL cholesterol concentration. Other investigations have shown that coronary victims also have low mean concentrations of apolipoproteins AI and AII (the major protein components of HDL), although the reduction of apoAI concentration may be less marked that that of HDL cholesterol, and preliminary findings from Tromso have suggested that apolipoprotein AI may be less powerful that HDL cholesterol as a predictor of CHD. Such observations have supported the porposal that HDL may exert a protective effect against coronary atherosclerosis. Final comfirmation (or otherwise) of this hypothesis, however, must await the results of carefully controlled animal experiments and of regression studies in patients with angiogrphically defined atherosclerosis.
101 citations
TL;DR: Osteomalacia appears to be commoner in patients with small-intestinal resection than has previously been thought, and bone biopsy is essential if all cases are detected, and high-dose parenteral vitamin-D therapy is usually effective in the treatment of osteomalacia after small- gastrointestinal resection.
88 citations
TL;DR: Examination of the case-notes of all women seen at a large metropolitan clinic during 1976 showed 607 episodes of gonorrhoea, of which 3 were in prepubertal girls, and the complication rate was lower than that reported from the United States.
70 citations
TL;DR: Lesions produced by the infection of Swiss/A2G mice with a single inoculation of an avirulent strain of Semliki forest virus have been studied by light and electron microscopy and a mild encephalitis was detected in the great majority of mice infected.
TL;DR: The improved outcome after surgery increased with age, being most striking in those aged over 45, and the probability of having no further treatment is significantly greater for those treated surgically.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the loss of spatial resolution (amblyopia) in the eye with convergent squint is due to the arrest of development of spatialresolution during the sensitive period in early postnatal life.
Abstract: In twelve kittens, convergent squint was surgically produced at either 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, or 16 weeks When these kittens reached the age of 4–8 months, the spatial resolution of ‘sustained’ cells which received inputs from the area centralis in layers A and A1 of both the left and right lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was measured under nitrous oxide/halothane anaesthesia, using the highest spatial frequency of a sinusoidal grating resolved by cells as a measure of cellular visual acuity Spatial resolution of cells fed by the squinting eye's area centralis was poorest in the kittens in which the squint was produced at 3 weeks The resolution of the cells driven by the area centralis of the squinting eye gradually improved for the kittens in which the squint was produced at progressively later stages There was no effect of convergent squint on the resolving power of cells in the kittens in which squint was produced at 13 weeks and 16 weeks The developmental curve of spatial resolution of LGN cells obtained from normal kittens of different ages was found to fit very closely with a plot of the spatial resolution of cells driven by the squinting eye against age at squint production These results suggest that the loss of spatial resolution (amblyopia) in the eye with convergent squint is due to the arrest of development of spatial resolution during the sensitive period in early postnatal life Clinical implications are discussed
TL;DR: The measurement of N.A.G. is cheap and convenient and this simple test warrants further assessment in hypertension as a guide to the need for further investigation.
TL;DR: It is found that following treatment with propranolol a significant fall in plasma T3 concentration and oxygen consumption occurred and a direct correlation was found between these two variables.
Abstract: SUMMARY
The possibility that propranolol may exert its beneficial actions in thyrotoxicosis by an effect on thyroid hormone concentrations has been investigated by measuring these and oxygen consumption in a group of thyrotoxic patients before and after treatment with propranolol. Following treatment a significant fall in plasma T3 concentration and oxygen consumption occurred and a direct correlation was found between these two variables. Propranolol may, therefore, exert some of its beneficial effects in thyrotoxicosis by an action on T3 metabolism.
TL;DR: This case report emphasizes the importance of routine vitamin D supplementation in all patients on long term cholestyramine therapy, and indicates that even in patients with small intestinal disease or resection, oral preparations of vitamin D or its metabolities and analogues may be effective.
TL;DR: Spontaneous contiactions were ultimately abolished by the addition of indomethacin and the strips remained responsive to PGF2α but not to oxytocin.
TL;DR: The studies suggest that the relative patterns and rates of re-equilibration of various ions, especially sodium and calcium, during infusion may play a major role in determining the efficacy of the infusate.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the dense clumps of fine granules and spherules are very early viral forms, which are seen in all age groups of mice, which seem to have the capacity to develop into lethal highly infectious mature virus when reinoculated into 2-7 day old mice.
TL;DR: First, the preliminary injection of about 0.2 ml of Myodil, if X-ray facilities are available, is extremely useful in indicating the probable direction of flow of the neurolytic agent which is introduced subsequently.
Abstract: as 0.25 m l 4 . 3 ml of the standard 5% phenol in glycerine mixture. In the lumbo-sacral region, which is by far the commonest, it is better to repeat the procedure on another occasion than exceed a total of 0.5 ml of the solution. Secondly, the preliminary injection of about 0.2 ml of Myodil, if X-ray facilities are available, is extremely useful in indicating the probable direction of flow of the neurolytic agent which is introduced subsequently. It is not uncommon to have to increase the degree of head-down tilt of the operating table to ensure that the hyperbaric mixture does not come into contact with the sacral nerves which supply the bladder and the rectum. Since incorporating these additional safeguards the incidence of complications in my own practice has fallen to almost insignificant proportions.
TL;DR: The value of an aggressive surgical approach to patients with ventricular aneurysm was confirmed even for certain subsets with indicators suggestive of poor prognosis, and attention to the details of preoperative anatomy and function allows the most accurate prediction of prognosis and dictates the optimal therapeutic approach.
TL;DR: In a preparation of human leucocytes maintained in tissue culture fluid, increasing the extracellular zinc concentration leads to a significant increase in both ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux and in sodium influx.
Abstract: 1. In a preparation of human leucocytes maintained in tissue culture fluid, increasing the extracellular zinc concentration leads to a significant increase in both ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux and in sodium influx. 2. Cell water and sodium content do not alter significantly with increasing extracellular zinc concentration. 3. A small increase in the ouabain-insensitive sodium efflux can be demonstrated when the external zinc concentration is raised from 0·75 μmol/l to 90 μmol/l.
TL;DR: A case of prolymphocytic leukaemia, showing several features not yet reported in this disease, is reported.
Abstract: Summary. A case of prolymphocytic leukaemia, showing several features not yet reported in this disease, is reported.
The majority of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow had markers of both B- and T-lymphocytes. The simultaneous presence of receptors for sheep RBC and surface immunoglobulins on individual cells was demonstrated and the endogenous origin of these markers was established.
The lymphocytes had some of the functional characteristics seen in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). In vitro cell death in the presence of colchicine (colchicine ultrasensitivity) and polystyrene bead column retention were of the same order as seen in CLL. In contrast with the findings in CLL, these cells were markedly radioresistant in vitro.
The dominant clinical features-anaemia and constitutional symptoms-appeared to be related to hypersplenism associated with massive splenomegaly. The relevance of these findings is discussed.
TL;DR: During the 28 weeks starting April 3, 1978, 269 pregnant women were assessed serologically because of exposure to or development of rubella-like illnesses, this number being four times greater than that during either of the previous 2 years.
TL;DR: The classification of von Willebrand's disease should be based primarily on the mode of inheritance: thus, the main division would between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types.
TL;DR: The relationship between the activity measurement and the more familiar concentration measurement is explored and the ion selective electrode (ISE) has certain practical advantages and these have been studied in relation to their use in an intensive care unit.
Abstract: Recent advances in analytical electrochemistry have provided highly selective potassium ion exchangers and robust polymeric membranes that can be used to measure the potassium activity in plasma or whole blood. The relationship between the activity measurement and the more familiar concentration measurement is explored. The ion selective electrode (ISE) has certain practical advantages and these have been studied in relation to their use in an intensive care unit. The application of these membranes to the continuous measurement of potassium in the circulation is discussed.
TL;DR: The nature of the lesions and their pathogenesis suggested that infection by avirulent Semliki forest virus merits a pathological classification intermediate between acute inflammatory-type encephalitis and the scrapiecuprizone type of spongiform encephalopathy.
TL;DR: The results supported previous indications on the relative roles of the A1, B1, and B29 residues of insulin for hormone activity and the presence of modified insulins appeared to alter the biological action of native insulinin vitro.
Abstract: This paper presents a survey of the biological potencies of a variety of naturally-occurring and semi-synthetic insulin analogues and a study of the joint biological action of some of these materials with native insulin. Biological activity was tested on isolated rat fat cells using lipogenesis from glucose as the metabolic index. A brief comparison using inhibition of fat cell lipolysis was included. The results indicated: 1. Analogue potencies varied considerably (0.4–100% insulin activity). Values obtained were mainly confirmatory but included two further B1-modified materials and a tricarbamylated insulin. The results supported previous indications on the relative roles of the A1, B1, and B29 residues of insulin for hormone activity. 2. Analogue bioactivities, whether assessed by stimulation of lipogenesis or inhibition of lipolysis, were similar for the four materials tested in both systems. The response of fat cells with respect to both metabolic indices occurred over a comparable range of insulin concentrations, with half maximal effects at 30–35 pmol 1−1 insulin. 3. The presence of modified insulins appeared to alter the biological action of native insulinin vitro. Small effects of both potentiation and antagonism were identified.
TL;DR: The actions of the steroid sex-hormones on nervous tissue are considered from a molecular and from a more global viewpoint, finding the convolutions through which Nature twists itself to make the male male and the female female.
TL;DR: The study confirmed an inotropic action produced by dobutamine at a heart rate 10 to 15 per cent lower than isoprenaline, with less peripheral vascular action.