Institution
St Thomas' Hospital
Healthcare•London, United Kingdom•
About: St Thomas' Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Pregnancy. The organization has 12105 authors who have published 15596 publications receiving 624309 citations. The organization is also known as: St Thomas's Hospital & St. Thomas's.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A population survey was performed to estimate the prevalence of vertebral fractures in women aged 45–69 and to determine their relationship to bone density and symptoms, and minor vertebral deformities are common in postmenopausal women, but they are not usually associated with pain, loss of height, or (unless multiple) reduced bone density.
Abstract: A population survey was performed to estimate the prevalence of vertebral fractures in women aged 45–69 and to determine their relationship to bone density and symptoms. Subjects were 1035 women aged 45–69 (mean 55.4 years, response rate 77%) from the age-sex register of a large 11,000-person general practice in Chingford, London. Thoracic and lumbar spine x-rays were read by a semiautomated quantitative method. Vertebral fractures were diagnosed using a variety of morphometric methods, including a new method we recently developed and the published methods of Melton and Eastell. These methods all detect abnormal ratios between anterior, central, or posterior vertebral height and between observed posterior vertebral height and values predicted from the posterior height of adjacent vertebrae. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine L1–4 and neck of femur was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Using our method, 147, 14.2% (95% CI 12.0–16.2%) of the 1035 women, had minor fractures (at least two vertebral ratios 2–2.99 SD below the mean) and 20, 1.9% (95% CI 1.2–3.0%) of the total, had severe fractures (at least two ratios more than 3 SD below the mean). In the 147 women with minor fractures, bone density of the spine was not significantly lower than in the other 868 women, and reported back pain or loss of height was no more common. Women with multiple minor fractures did have lower bone density, by 0.4 SD. In the 20 women with severe fracture, bone density was significantly lower, by 0.6 SD. Loss of height was more common, but back pain was not. Using the method of Melton the prevalence of deformity was 10.2% and, for the Eastell 3 and 4 SD method, 9.7 and 1.3%, respectively, which is similar to published data from the Rochester population. Minor vertebral deformities are common in postmenopausal women, but they are not usually associated with pain, loss of height, or (unless multiple) reduced bone density. This suggests that they may not be of clinical or pathologic importance. Severe deformities associated with low bone density are rare in U.K. women under the age of 70.
141 citations
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University of Washington1, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust2, McMaster University3, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic4, Emory University5, Federal University of São Paulo6, Ottawa Hospital7, St Thomas' Hospital8, University of Michigan9, Cooper University Hospital10, University of Kansas11, University of Amsterdam12, United Arab Emirates University13, University of Pittsburgh14, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences15, University of São Paulo16, University of Minnesota17, Population Health Research Institute18, University of Toronto19, University of Kentucky20, Ghent University Hospital21, University of Tokyo22, Peking Union Medical College Hospital23, Hebron University24, Monash University25, Copenhagen University Hospital26, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine27, Vanderbilt University28, Brigham and Women's Hospital29, University of Ulsan30, University of Manitoba31, Makerere University32, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto33, National Institutes of Health34, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto35, Medanta36, University of the Witwatersrand37, New York University38, Washington University in St. Louis39, University of Alberta40, Hennepin County Medical Center41, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital42, University of Pennsylvania43, Hebrew University of Jerusalem44, Hochschule Hannover45, Brown University46
141 citations
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TL;DR: By estimating the exposure to the allergen and its allergenic potency, it is feasible to assess quantitatively the sensitization risk of an ingredient in a particular product type.
Abstract: Conducting a sound skin sensitization risk assessment prior to the introduction of new ingredients and products into the market place is essential. The process by which low-molecular-weight chemicals induce and elicit skin sensitization is dependent on many factors, including the ability of the chemical to penetrate the skin, react with protein, and trigger a cell-mediated immune response. Based on our chemical, cellular and molecular understanding of allergic contact dermatitis, it is possible to carry out a quantitative risk assessment. Specifically, by estimating the exposure to the allergen and its allergenic potency, it is feasible to assess quantitatively the sensitization risk of an ingredient in a particular product type. This paper focuses on applying exposure-based risk assessment tools to understanding fragrance allergy for 2 hypothetical products containing the fragrance allergen cinnamic aldehyde. The risk assessment process predicts that an eau de toilette leave-on product containing 1000 ppm or more cinnamic aldehyde would pose an unacceptable risk of induction of skin sensitization, while a shampoo, containing the same level of cinnamic aldehyde, would pose an acceptable risk of induction of skin sensitization, based on limited exposure to the ingredient from a rinse-off product application.
141 citations
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TL;DR: To review special safety topics associated with sildenafil and to document the tolerability of 50‐ and 100‐mg doses, overall and by age, in men with erectile dysfunction (ED).
Abstract: Aim:
To review special safety topics associated with sildenafil and to document the tolerability of 50- and 100-mg doses, overall and by age, in men with erectile dysfunction (ED).
141 citations
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TL;DR: The safety profile of the toxin appears satisfactory and mean improvement in dynamic component was most pronounced in the 20 units/kg group, being equivalent to an increase in dorsiflexion with the knee extended at 19°, and was still present at 16 weeks.
Abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of three doses of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A; Dysport) in 125 patients (mean age 5.2 years, SD 2; 54% male)with dynamic equinus spasticity during walking. Participants were randomized to receive Dysport (10, 20, or 30 units/kg) or placebo to the gastrocnemius muscle of both legs. Muscle length was calculated from electrogoniometric measurements and the change in the dynamic component of gastrocnemius shortening at four weeks was prospectively identified as the primary outcome measure. All treatment groups showed statistically significant decreases in dynamic component compared with placebo at 4 weeks. Mean improvement in dynamic component was most pronounced in the 20 units/kg group, being equivalent to an increase in dorsiflexion with the knee extended at 19 degrees, and was still present at 16 weeks. The safety profile of the toxin appears satisfactory.
141 citations
Authors
Showing all 12132 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
Steven Williams | 144 | 1375 | 86712 |
Geoffrey Burnstock | 141 | 1488 | 99525 |
Nick C. Fox | 139 | 748 | 93036 |
Christopher D.M. Fletcher | 138 | 674 | 82484 |
David A. Jackson | 136 | 1095 | 68352 |
Paul Harrison | 133 | 1400 | 80539 |
Roberto Ferrari | 133 | 1654 | 103824 |
David Taylor | 131 | 2469 | 93220 |
Keith Hawton | 125 | 657 | 55138 |
Nicole Soranzo | 124 | 316 | 74494 |
Roger Williams | 122 | 1455 | 72416 |
John C. Chambers | 122 | 645 | 71028 |
Derek M. Yellon | 122 | 638 | 54319 |