Showing papers by "State University of Campinas published in 1981"
TL;DR: In this article, a series of tables are presented to facilitate rapid determination of the selection rules for vibrational transitions for nuclear site group analysis, where the number of infrared and Raman active modes of each symmetry may be obtained without detailed analysis of the symmetry elements in the crystallographic unit cell or the construction of tables.
Abstract: The group theoretical methods by which the symmetries of normal modes in crystals may be determined are outlined, and a series of tables are presented to facilitate rapid determination of the selection rules for vibrational transitions. Emphasis is placed on the method of nuclear site group analysis in which the number of infrared and Raman active modes of each symmetry may be obtained without detailed analysis of the symmetry elements in the crystallographic unit cell or the construction of tables. By using the tables presented here for most cases identification of the crystallographic space group is sufficient information to allow determination of the vibrational mode selection rules by inspection. Several examples are included in which crystals are analyzed by each of the methods.
1,064 citations
TL;DR: A procedure for isolating and purifying polyphenoloxidase from banana pulp is described, which revealed the presence of a fluorescent compound with Rf= 0.57, which was identical with chlorogenic acid.
Abstract: A procedure for isolating and purifying polyphenoloxidase from banana pulp is described. Maximum activity was obtained from the inner portion of the pulp by extraction with 0.2M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 1% insoluble PVP and 0.25% Triton X-100. The enzyme was purified 38.8-fold after acetone precipitation, re-extraction of the precipitate with phosphate buffer containing Triton X-100, storage in the freezer for 7 days (-40°C), chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. The purified enzyme (four isozymes) gave a poly-peptide molecular weight (SDS-gel) of 31,000 ± 1,000 and molecular weight on sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of 62,000 ± 2,000. The isoelectric point, determined by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel, was 5.2. The enzyme was stable at 55°C for 30 min; it lost mole than 90% of the activity after 5 min at 85°C and was completely inactivated at 95°C for the same time. The absorption spectrum of the purified enzyme showed a maximum at 278 nm and a shoulder at 340-350 nm. This preparation, when submitted to paper chromatography revealed the presence of a fluorescent compound with Rf= 0.57, which was identical with chlorogenic acid.
240 citations
TL;DR: It has been found that each organelle has its own peculiar composition in fatty acids, which may be profoundly influenced by the diet, but to different degrees in different organelles.
Abstract: The influence of diets having different fatty acids composition on the fatty acid content of (the phospholipids) of rat liver mitochondria and microsomes, heart mitochondria, brain mitochondria and microsonies has been analyzed. It has been found that each organelle has its own peculiar composition in fatty acids. This composition may be profoundly influenced by the diet, but to different degrees in different organelles. Those of brain are most resistant.
The changes observed are rather rapid, being generally already maximal after three weeks of treatment. The parallel between fatty acid composition of diets, and the changes observed in the organelles, is not strict, and is probably influenced by the metabolic competition among oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid. Unusual fatty acids like crucic acid. trans-oleic acid. and trans-linoleic acid can also become incorporated into the membranes of cell organelles.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112 and A. niger amyloglucosidase were used as Koji enzymes to reduce the viscosity of cassava root fermentation mashes.
Abstract: Raw cassava root starch was transformed into ethanol in a one-step process of fermentation, in which are combined the conventional processes of liquefaction, saccharification, and fermentation to alcohol. Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112 and Aspergillus niger were cultivated on wheat bran and used as Koji enzymes. Commercial A. niger amyloglucosidase was also used in this experiment. A raw cassava root homogenate-enzymes-yeast mixture fermented optimally at pH 3.5 and 30/degree/C, for five days and produced ethanol. Alcohol yields from raw cassava roots were between 82.3 and 99.6%. Fungal Koji enzymes effectively decreased the viscosity of cassava root fermentation mashes during incubation. Commercial A. niger amyloglucosidase decreased the viscosity slightly. Reduction of viscosity of fermentation mashes was 40, 84, and 93% by commercial amyloglucosidase, A. awamori, and A. niger enzymes, respectively. The reduction of viscosity of fermentation mashes is probably due to the hydrolysis of pentosans by Koji enzymes. 12 refs.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Stieltjes-Tchebycheff moment method was used to calculate the total and partial-channel photoexcitation and ionization cross sections in carbon dioxide.
Abstract: Theoretical studies are reported of total and partial-channel photoexcitation and ionization cross sections in carbon dioxide. As in previously reported studies of discrete and continuum dipole spectra in diatomic (N2, CO, O2, F2) and polyatomic (H2O, H2CO, O3) molecules in this series, separated-channel static-exchange calculations of vertical-electronic transition energies and oscillator strengths and Stieltjes-Tchebycheff moment methods are employed in the development. Detailed comparisons are made of the static-exchange excitation and ionization spectra with photoabsorption, electron-impact excitation, and quantum-defect estimates of discrete transition energies and intensities, and with partial-channel photoionization cross sections obtained from fluorescence measurements and from tunable-source and (e,2e) photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectral characteristics of the various discrete series and continua are interpreted in terms of contributions from compact 2πu(π*), 5σg(σ*), and 4σu(σ*) virtual valence orbitals, and from more diffuse discrete and continuum Rydberg orbitals. The 2πu(π*) orbital is found to contribute to discrete excitation series, whereas the 5σg (σ*) and 4σu (σ*) orbitals generally appear in the photoionization continua as resonance-like diabatic valence features. Good agreement obtains between the calculated discrete excitation series and the results of a recent analysis of the available spectroscopic data. The calculated outer-valence-shell (1πg-1)X 2Πg, (1πu-1)A 2Πu, (3σu-1)B 2Σu+, and (4σg-1)C 2Σg+ partial-channel photoionization cross sections are in good accord with measured values, and clarify completely the origins of the various structures in the observed spectra. There is evidence, however, of coupling among scattering states associated with 1πg-1 and 1πu-1 ionic channels, giving rise to moderate disagreement with tunable-source photoelectron and fluorescence measurements over a portion of the spectrum. In the inner-valence-shell region, the calculated 2σu-1 and 3σg-1 cross sections are in qualitative accord with the observed many-electron spectral intensities, and provide a basis for quantitative interpretation when combined with appropriate intensity-borrowing calculations. The calculated carbon and oxygen K-edge cross sections are in good agreement with available cross sections obtained from electron-impact and photoabsorption measurements. It is of particular interest to find the oxygen K-edge (1σg-1, 1σu-1) cross section exhibits both the expected 5σg(σ*) and 4σu(σ*) resonance-like features. Finally, comparisons are made throughout of the discrete and continuum spectra in carbon dioxide with the results of previously reported studies in CO and O2, and the origins of the similarities and differences in the cross sections in these cases are clarified.
92 citations
TL;DR: Banana polyphenoloxidases oxidize specifically o-diphenols and the Km values were low for dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, while the most effective inhibitor was ascorbic acid followed by cysteine and then sodium metabisulfite.
Abstract: Banana polyphenoloxidases oxidize specifically o-diphenols. The Km values were low for dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. It was lower for L-dopa as compared with D-dopa. The most effective inhibitor was ascorbic acid followed by cysteine and then sodium metabisulfite. Diethyldithiocarbamate, at pH 7.0, was not as effective as the above inhibitors. Ammonium ion and the oxidized β-nicotine adenine dinucleotide acted as activators whereas Fe+2, Fe+3, Al+3, Ca+2 and Zn+2 showed various degrees of inhibition. On the other hand, C+1, Cu+2, Mg+2 and Mn+2 did not affect the enzyme activity. Mercaptoethanol (17 mM) completely inactivated the enzymes. On dialysis 30% of the activity was restored with regeneration of two isozymes.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply renormalization group techiques to evaluate the local density of phonon states for the isotopically disordered linear chain, based on a systematic decimation of atoms in the chain.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a flow injection system with inductively-coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectromeiry is proposed, which provides nearly zero sample dispersion and so the inherent sensitivity of the spectrometric method is preserved.
74 citations
TL;DR: These trials indicate that CVRs of this design are as effective and have continuation rates equal to and possibly superior to Nordette under the same study conditions.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, first-order many-body theory has been used to calculate the differential and integral cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the argon atom to the $4.4 eV.
Abstract: First-order many-body theory has been used to calculate the differential and integral cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the argon atom to the $4^{3}P_{0}$, $4^{3}P_{2}$, $4^{3}P_{1}$, and $4^{1}P_{1}$ electronic states, for incident electron energies of 16, 20, 30, 50, and 80.4 eV. The resulting cross sections are in good agreement with recent results extracted from electron energy-loss measurements on argon. Detailed calculations show that spin-orbit coupling must be included in the $^{3}P_{1}$ wave function in order to describe the electron-impact excitation of the state properly.
58 citations
TL;DR: Diferencas significativas entre as linhagens estudadas quanto ao numero e aspecto dos esporocistos primarios desde a primeira ate a oitava semana de infeccao.
Abstract: Estudou-se a evolucao dos esporocistos de Shistosoma mansoni das linhagens BH e SJ respectivamente em Biomphalaria glabrata e Biomphalaria tenagophila. Utilizando-se cortes histologicos foram avaliados o aspecto e numero de esporocistos primarios desde a primeira ate a oitava semana de infeccao, a contar do dia em que cada molusco foi exposto a 100 miracidios. No decorrer da primeira semana constataram-se diferencas significativas entre as linhagens estudadas quanto ao numero e aspecto dos esporocistos primarios, A distribuicao por orgaos e a evolucao dos esporocistos foi observada ate a fase de formacao das cercarias infectantes.
TL;DR: Lysates of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes were able to hydrolyze casein as well as bovine and human hemoglobins and the proteinase activity detected with these substrates was enhanced by sodium diaminotetraacetate and reducing agents and was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, thus suggesting an SH-dependent enzyme.
TL;DR: The follow-up surveys showed that the fact that the ring is placed and kept in the vagina without removal for a prolonged period was the most important attribute of the method and played a large role in women's reactions to it.
TL;DR: The incidence of spontaneous complaints was similar among users of the 2 different-sized rings and of the pill, and side effects of Nordette, the oral contraceptive, were similar.
TL;DR: Extracellular enzyme production in solid culture media was analyzed in order to determine the variability among different Metarhizium anisopliae isolates, and in general, the isolates from the same region had similar enzymatic indexes, although similar indexes were also found for isolate from geographically distinct regions.
TL;DR: Visual receptive fields of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root were investigated in pigeons and appeared highly sensitive to moving targets, with the majority displaying axis specificity and direction selectivity.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a research methodology that, while generating technologies appropriate for rural areas, contributes at the same time to the building of a new system of paradigms adequate for the needs and conditions of developing societies.
TL;DR: The results showed that the optimum pH for demineralization is between 5.00 and 6.00.
TL;DR: The structural properties of optically transparent electrically conducting thin films of SnO 2 and of In 2 O 3 deposited onto amorphous substrates and onto monocrystalline silicon substrates were studied by X-ray diffraction as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Ramaman spectra of solid state lanthanide oxychlorides, LnOCl, where Ln La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er, have been measured in the 1000-40 cm −1 region and the observed fundamental wavenumbers have been assigned and discussed by referring to the results of the factor group analysis and the normal coordinate calculations based on a tetragonal space group D 7 4 h.
TL;DR: In this article, the virtual adjunct method (VAM) is applied to splat cooling processes, which allows finite thermal resistance across the mold-metal interface and leads to explicit solutions which are mathematically exact.
Abstract: This paper outlines how the virtual adjunct method (VAM) of Garcia, Clyne and Prates, describing heat flow in unidirectional solidification, may be applied to splat cooling processes. The model allows finite thermal resistance across the mould-metal interface and leads to explicit solutions which are mathematically exact. Examples are presented showing how the equations may be used to investigate the relationships between melt-substrate properties, operating parameters and local cooling conditions, with particular reference to the treatment of vitrification. A brief outline is given of how closely real systems are likely to conform to the boundary conditions under which the model must be applied. It is concluded that, while numerical treatments may be required if a given system is to be accurately modelled, the VAM equations should prove useful for general examinations of splat cooling characteristics and in assessing the expected effects of changes in design and operational features.
Moscow State University1, Georgian National Academy of Sciences2, Tajik Academy of Sciences3, National Academy of Sciences4, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan5, Polish Academy of Sciences6, Hirosaki University7, Saitama University8, University of Tokyo9, Kanagawa University10, Shibaura Institute of Technology11, Yokohama National University12, Shonan Institute of Technology13, Konan University14, State University of Campinas15, Federal Fluminense University16, Waseda University17, Aoyama Gakuin University18
TL;DR: In this article, a summary of three mountain experiments with large-scale emulsion chambers, at Pamir, Mt. Fuji and Chacaltaya, is presented, concerning the characteristics of nuclear interactions the energy region 1014 −1016 eV.
TL;DR: The carotenoid composition of red and yellow cashew-apples and two commercial brands of pasteurized juice were determined by column and thin-layer chromatography, visible absorption spectroscopy and specific chemical reactions as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The carotenoid composition of the red and yellow cashew-apples and two commercial brands of pasteurized juice were determined by column and thin-layer chromatography, visible absorption spectroscopy and specific chemical reactions. Alpha-carotene, β-carotene, ζ-carotene, cis-β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, aurochrome, cryptochrome, and auroxanthin were identified in all samples, with β-carotene as the predominant pigment. Color differences reflected the total amount, not the type of carotenoid present. Geographic effects on the pigment composition did not appear to be appreciable. In the processed juice, the total carotenoid content and vitamin A value were lower but the epoxide level higher. No quantitative differences were noted among lots of the same brand or between brands of pasteurized juice.
TL;DR: Analysis of the petrol-diethyl ether extracts of Pterocaulon balansae and P. lanatum aerial parts afforded, besides puberulin, scopoletin-[2′], scopiletin, and other substances not found in conventional extracts.
TL;DR: Evidence from menstrual diaries indicates that these CVRs, and in particular 58-mm ring, provide control over the menstrual cycle comparable to the Nordette.
TL;DR: It is shown that deterministic and probabilistic tape complexities are polynomially related.
TL;DR: In this paper, a spin-interaction model is proposed to show that the required disturbance will in general depend on the interaction time of the system and state-preparer, and this point is exploited in the construction of a spin interaction model which acts as a counterexample to the disturbance doctrine.
Abstract: Heisenberg'sgendanken experiments in quantum mechanics have given rise to a widespread belief that the indeterminacy relations holding for the variables of a quantal system can be explained quasiclassically in terms of a disturbance suffered by the system in interaction with a quantal measurement, or state preparation, agent. There are a number of criticisms of this doctrine in the literature, which are critically examined in this article and found to be ininconclusive, the chief error being the conflation of this disturbance with the projection postulate. We present a critique of the disturbance theory based on the fact that the required disturbance will in general depend on the interaction time of the system and state-preparer. This point is exploited in the construction of a spin-interaction model which acts as a counterexample to the disturbance doctrine, while remaining faithful to the spirit of Heisenberg'sgedanken experiments. Several consequences of this result are discussed.
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: A new educational mood reflecting the impact of new technologies and the resulting changes in family structure was clearly evident at ICME IV as discussed by the authors, which reflected the new mood reflected the change in the way it is practiced in school systems today.
Abstract: Mathematics, the way it is practiced in school systems today, seems destined to disappear, a casualty of rapidly changing patterns of daily life. Already a new educational mood reflects the impact of new technologies and the resulting changes in family structure. This new mood was clearly evident at ICME IV.