Showing papers by "State University of Campinas published in 1986"
TL;DR: Hypericin, a state of skin sensitivity to the visible light in animals, is apparently caused by the ingestion of hypericin-containing plants and feed and has also been found in some Australian insects.
Abstract: Hypericin, 7,14-dione-1,3,4,6,8,13-hexahydroxy10,ll-dimethyl-phenanthrol[ 1 , l O ,9,8opgralperylene, derives its name from Hypericum, a genus of plants which biosynthesize the pigment and its related derivatives and stored in minute glands located in different organs. Hypericin constitutes up to 0.05% of the plant substances in some species of the genus (Netien and Lebreton, 1964). St. John’s wort, H. perforatum, is probably the richest source of hypericin (Giese, 1980a; Georgiev et al., 1983; Vanhaelen and Vanhaelen-Fastre, 1983). Hypericum hirsutum also contains a large amount of hypericin (Kitanov et al., 1978; Know and Dodge, 1985). Hypericin and closely related pigments have also been found in some Australian insects (Banks et al., 1976). Hypericin-like pigments are present in the protozoa Blepharisma and Stentor (Giese, 1980a,b; 1981) and in Fagopyrum esculentum (Wender et al., 1943; Wender, 1946). Hypericism, a state of skin sensitivity to the visible light in animals, is apparently caused by the ingestion of hypericin-containing plants and feed. The photosensitizing effects of skin by hypericin result in severe skin irritation, high body temperature and sometimes death of the animal. Hypericin subcutaneously injected in rats or mice induces the typical photodynamic effect on body temperature when incandescent light is applied (Brockmann et a/., 1939; Chick and Ellinger, 1941; Brockmann et al., 1942; Pace 1942; Brockmann, 1947,1952; Metzner, 1958; Bwangamol, 1967; Giese, 1972).
254 citations
TL;DR: The picture emerged that different, unrelated fish assemblages have the ability to evolve towards a similar behavioural and structural organization in response to comparable situations and constraints.
Abstract: The feeding behaviour and diets of fishes in two tropical habitats, a marine reef and a freshwater pond, were studied comparatively in Brazil. Similarities were found in the tactics employed to obtain food, the social patterns during foraging, and the general diet, notwithstanding lower-level taxonomic differences between the food items. The feeding behaviours of about one-third of the fish fauna from each community were approximately equivalent. The feeding categories of these fishes are briefly described. The similarities in the feeding modes probably reflect structural and functional properties shared by the two communities. Additional behavioural similarities of fishes in both habitats are presented and the lack of some particular foraging modes in each community is noted. The picture emerged that different, unrelated fish assemblages have the ability to evolve towards a similar behavioural and structural organization in response to comparable situations and constraints. The value of underwater observations and naturalistic studies on tropical freshwater fish assemblages is indicated.
192 citations
TL;DR: A study of the surgical anatomy of the posterior interosseous artery (PIA) in 70 cases to establish the anatomic basis of a new forearm fascio-cutaneous flap, the posterior Interosseus flap which has been described by one of the authors (AC Masquelet).
Abstract: The authors present a study of the surgical anatomy of the posterior interosseous artery (PIA) in 70 cases to establish the anatomic basis of a new forearm fascio-cutaneous flap, the posterior interosseous flap which has been described by one of the authors (AC Masquelet) The PIA was verified in every case Its course corresponds to a line drawn from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the head of the ulna, ie to the septum between the extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digiti minimi proprius muscles The artery, whose average caliber is 17 mm, gives off 7 to 14 cutaneous branches in its course The point of emergence of the artery in the posterior aspect of the forearm corresponds to the junction between the upper and middle thirds of the line from the epicondyle and the ulnar head The PIA anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the dorsal carpal network in 986% of cases The artery remains closely related to the deep branch of the radial nerve and is crossed by the branches of this nerve to the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle The cutaneous distribution of the PIA extends from elbow to wrist, centered on the epicondylarulnar line, with an average breadth of 5 cm Twelve operations have already been performed using the posterior interosseous flap, 2 with a direct pedicle and 10 with a retrograde pedicle, and all survived completely
176 citations
15 Apr 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical and optical properties of thin films of SnO2 doped with fluorine were determined as a function of the substrate temperature Ts and dopant concentration in the basic spraying solution.
Abstract: Thin films of SnO2 doped with fluorine were produced by the conventional spraying method using Corning 7059 glass substrates. The electrical and optical properties of these films were determined as a function of the substrate temperature Ts and dopant concentration in the basic spraying solution. The visible and near-IR transmittance as well as the electrical resistivity of the films decreased with an increase in the fluorine concentration. The best electro-optical properties (an average transmittance of 75% and an electrical resistivity of 10−3 Ω cm) were achieved for 250°C⩽Ts⩽350°C and fluorine concentrations (relative to tin) in the spraying solution of around 2 at.%. The surface texture of the films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The fluorine content of the samples was analysed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Structural changes were studied using X-ray diffractometry. A systematic change in the intensity of the X-ray diffraction lines as a function of the fluorine content was observed. Theoretical calculations of the structure factors associated with the SnO2 lattice if fluorine atoms are introduced into substitutional and interstitial positions were performed.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the asymptotic behavior of semigroups generated by mixed-initial value problems for hyperbolic systems in one space variable is determined by the zeroes of the characteristic equation.
105 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: Mathematics education is going through one of the most critical periods in its long history, a history recorded since western classical antiquity as discussed by the authors, and it makes it urgent to question, in a much deeper and broader way than ever before, its sociocultural roots, and, indeed, the place of mathematics education in societies as a whole.
Abstract: Mathematics Education is going through one of the most critical periods in its long history, a history recorded since western classical antiquity. The prominent role of mathematics in Greek civilisation placed mathematics in a unique position in the roots of modern science and technology, and in the development of the universal model of an industrial society. Even the most critical periods in the history of mathematics education (which were the invention of writing and the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic number system in Europe), had a less dramatic and global effect on society than the period we are living through. This current era is witnessing both the emergence of what might be called the electronic era and profound changes in the social, political and economic texture of the world. Through the universal concept of mass education in a fast changing world, ‘mathematics for all’ reaches an unprecedented dimension as a social endeavour, and it makes it urgent to question, in a much deeper and broader way than ever before, its sociocultural roots, and, indeed, the place of mathematics education in societies as a whole. Being in such a privileged position in western thought, mathematics may be, at the same time, an essential instrument in building up modern societies and a strong disrupting factor in cultural dynamics. As well, mathematics exerts a strong influence on the unbalancing factor which threatens the needed equilibrium between those who have and those who have not. An equilibrium has to be achieved if we want to look at our species as behaving in a more dignified way than it has in its long history. If we hope for a better world, in the utopian view, without human beings massively exploiting and killing each other, we have to examine the role of mathematics education in bringing a new human dimension into relations between individuals, societies and cultures.
104 citations
TL;DR: An anatomical study of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve emphasizing its frequency, origin, perforation point at the transverse carpal ligament, point of emergence in the palm, width, length, divisions and innervation territory is presented.
Abstract: We present an anatomical study of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve emphasizing its frequency, origin, perforation point at the transverse carpal ligament, point of emergence in the palm, width, length, divisions and innervation territory. For this purpose, fifty cadaver hands were dissected under a stereomicroscope and/or magnifying glass. The origin of the palmar cutaneous branch (PCB) was on the average 4.56 cm proximal to conventionally named “zero point” on the most distal transverse volar wrist crease. Perforation of the aponeurosis occurred on average 0.79 cm from the mentioned point and its emergence in the palm at 0.76 cm. The nerve had an average length of 5.24 cm. PCB's divisions in the palm resulted in a medial branch in 42%, a lateral branch in 92% and an intermediate branch in 100% of the hands studied. In six specimens PCB presented a deep branch which was directed toward the thenar eminence or made communication with the superficial branch of the palmar digital nerve or still penetrated between the first or second metacarpal. In 4% of the cases there was a communicating branch between the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the PCB. These anatomical results should be considered in the evaluation of the best surgical techniques for decompression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Ribeirao Preto et al. present a proposta de aplicacao do conceito for estudos epidemiologicos, utilizada em pesquisa realizada in uma amostra da populacao de Ribeiro Preto, SP, Brazil.
Abstract: Considerando-se as interferencias da dimensao social nos resultados dos estudos epidemiologicos, assinala-se a necessidade de aprofundamento desse tema, para se chegar a tratamento mais adequado das questoes sociais nos estudos de distribuicao da morbi-mortalidade. Entre as propostas que vem sendo feitas, ressalta-se a da analise das transformacoes dos padroes de morbidade entre as diferentes fracoes de classe social. Proposta que se reveste de grande interesse pelo controverso papel explicativo que encerra. Com o intuito de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estudos nessa direcao, analisam-se algumas dificuldades que cercam o conceito de classe social e apresenta-se uma proposta de aplicacao do conceito para estudos epidemiologicos, utilizada em pesquisa realizada em uma amostra da populacao de Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brasil.
58 citations
TL;DR: The carotenoids of guava cultivar IAC-4 from the State of So Paulo (southeastern Brasil) were identified as lycopene, corresponding to 86% of the total carOTenoid content, and β-carotene was present at 3·7 μg/g; consequently, the vitamin A was relatively low.
57 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results using a Bi12TiO20 crystal are presented, theoretical analysis and experimental results show this system to have interesting perspectives for further development, and the optimization of relevant parameters for better performance of the whole stabilizing system are discussed.
Abstract: A photorefractive crystal of the sillenite family in a two-wave mixing experiment is used as a fundamental component in a negative feedback system for stabilizing a holographic setup. The behavior of such a stabilization system is theoretically analyzed, and the advantages and limitations of using a real-time nonpermanent recording material (photorefractive crystal) are discussed. We present experimental results using a Bi12TiO20 crystal, compare actual and predicted performances, and discuss the optimization of relevant parameters for better performance of the whole stabilizing system. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show this system to have interesting perspectives for further development.
56 citations
TL;DR: The influence of zooplanktivorous fishes on the plankton community and water quality of Americana Reservoir, Brazil was studied experimentally in 4 floating enclosures during the dry seasons (July-September) of 1982 and 1983 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The influence of zooplanktivorous fishes on the plankton community and water quality of Americana Reservoir, Brazil was studied experimentally in 4 floating enclosures during the dry seasons (July–September) of 1982 and 1983. Two enclosures were stocked with adult fish (Astyanax bimaculatus in 1982;A. fasciatus in 1983) at near maximal densities measured in the reservoir upper surface waters (35 m−2) and two were fish-free during each experiment lasting about one month. Marked differences were evident between the fish and fish-free enclosures after a 2–3 week period in each experiment, particularly with respect to water transparency, phytoplankton biomass, and zooplankton abundance as well as species and size composition. By the end of each experiment water transparencies were lower and phytoplankton biomass higher in the fish enclosures compared to those without fish. Also at that time Rotifera were the prominent zooplankters in the fish enclosures and Cladocera in the fish-free ones. Larger or more conspicuous species of Cladocera asDaphnia gessneri, D. ambigua, andMoina micrura were present in the fish-free enclosures but not in the fish enclosures. The interactions between fish predation, zooplankton grazing, phytoplankton biomass and water quality conditions are discussed in relation to eutrophication of a tropical aquatic ecosystem.
TL;DR: Low herbivore damage was significantly correlated with higher concentrations of particular compounds (e.g. caryophyliene) combined with higher variability of most of the components of the leaf sesquiterpenes.
TL;DR: The results indicate that women under prolonged use of NORPLANT do not have normal endocrine cycles, even though they may ovulate, and it is doubtful however, that these ovulatory cycles can be fertile under the abnormal endocrine conditions found in these subjects.
TL;DR: In all species the phenolic content, astringency, nitrogen and water content decreased whereas the leaf specific weight and toughness increased as the leaf attained maturity, although the pattern of sesquiterpene variation during leaf development, however, differed among the species.
TL;DR: Foram analisados alguns sistemas medicos "populares" e "primitivos", mostrando como eles incorporam o social no campo da medicina as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Objetivou-se analisar, sob um ponto de vista antropologico, o paradigma "mecanicista" dominante na medicina ocidental moderna. Faz-se comentario critico sobre o positivismo que sustenta este paradigma. Foi mostrado tambem como ele desenvolveu-se historicamente a ponto de dominar a percepcao medica sobre saude, doenca e terapeutica, e como essa percepcao deixou modernamente de compreender um amplo espectro da realidade a que se propoe compreender. Foram analisados alguns sistemas medicos "populares" e "primitivos", mostrando como eles incorporam o social no campo da medicina. Enfatiza-se a necessidade da medicina ocidental moderna recuperar o social e o cultural (como dimensoes que moldam inevitavelmente a doenca, os tratamentos e a cura) para sair da crise em que se encontra. Nesse sentido, recorrer a historia e aos sistemas medicos "populares" e "primitivos" tem o proposito de contribuir para isso.
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectrum of six times ionized krypton (Kr VII) has been observed in the 430-1000 A wavelength range and 23 lines have been identified as transitions between levels of the 4s2, 4s4d, 4p2 and 4s 4p configurations.
Abstract: The spectrum of six times ionized krypton (Kr VII) has been observed in the 430-1000 A wavelength range and 23 lines have been identified as transitions between levels of the 4s2, 4s4d, 4p2 and 4s4p configurations. For 13 of the lines the classification is new. Revised values are proposed for three levels while for the rest the uncertainty in the existing level values has been considerably decreased. The results are supported by isoelectronic comparisons along the Zn I isoelectronic sequence. The configurations are interpreted by fitting the theoretical energy expressions to the observed energy levels using least-squares techniques. The parameter values are compared with results from Hartree-Fock calculations.
TL;DR: In this article, features of the metal-ligand interactions of some divalent cations of the first transition series with N -(2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane anchored on a silica-gel surface were studied in both ethanol and acetone solution.
TL;DR: The findings support the concept that atypical lesions may represent a potentially precancerous lesion in patients with large latent carcinomas than in those with small ones.
TL;DR: It is concluded that hydroperoxide-induced Ca2+ efflux from intact mitochondria is related to the redox state of pyridine nucleotides.
TL;DR: In this article, a variational calculation of the energy levels of an exciton confined to a CdTe quantum well by semimagnetic (Cd,Mn)Te potential barriers is presented.
Abstract: We present a variational calculation of the energy levels of an exciton confined to a CdTe quantum well by semimagnetic (Cd,Mn)Te potential barriers. The degeneracy of the top of the valence band is lifted by strain and quantum confinement effects, introducing a preferential axis of quantization for the heavy \ensuremath{\Vert}${m}_{j}$\ensuremath{\Vert}=(3/2) doublet. This results in strongly anisotropic magnetic field shifts of the levels. The shifts are greatly enhanced due to the penetration of the wave functions into the barriers, where they are subject to the exchange potential of the polarized Mn spins. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with recent photoluminescence data on CdTe-(Cd,Mn)Te superlattices.
TL;DR: A calculation of the chirp generated in laser pulses shorter than 100 fsec on propagation through a saturable absorber (DODCI in ethylene glycol) takes into account the absorber saturation and the solvent nonlinear refractive index.
Abstract: We present a calculation of the chirp generated in laser pulses shorter than 100 fsec on propagation through a saturable absorber (DODCI in ethylene glycol) The calculation takes into account the absorber saturation and the solvent nonlinear refractive index At pulse energies greater than 10 nJ the chirp tends to be predominantly positive, and it increases rapidly as the pulse duration becomes shorter than 50 fsec At pulse energies in the 1–7-nJ range the chirp is mostly negative for pulses longer than 30 fsec
TL;DR: In this article, X-ray diffractometry was used to determine the temperature range in which SnO2 films became polycrystalline using commercial glass, fused quartz, monocrystalline Si, 7059 Corning glass and amorphous Si at different substrate temperatures (Ts).
TL;DR: Faz-se uma reconstrucao do processo de surgimento, disseminacao e desaparecimento da endemia chagasica no Estado de Sao Paulo, interpretando-se as informacoes epidemiologicas existentes, dentro of uma perspectiva historico-materialista.
Abstract: Faz-se uma reconstrucao do processo de surgimento, disseminacao e desaparecimento da endemia chagasica no Estado de Sao Paulo, interpretando-se as informacoes epidemiologicas existentes, dentro de uma perspectiva historico-materialista. Parte-se dos conceitos classicos que procuram explicar a distribuicao da doenca, demonstrando sua insuficiencia. Com a incorporacao de conceitos e metodos de analise utilizados em Geografia, chega-se a uma compreensao do que foi o processo de evolucao da doenca em Sao Paulo, e quais os seus determinantes, mostrando que se tratou de um processo peculiar ao Centro-Sul brasileiro, num periodo historico bem determinado. A doenca de Chagas, ainda que uma endemia de expressao nacional, nao pode ser vista como um todo indistinto, existindo diferentes padroes epidemiologicos em periodos historicos diferentes.
TL;DR: Three enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from piglets with neonatal diarrhea produced only a thermostable enterotoxin, suggesting the existence of a new hemagglutinating adhesin that is different from those so far described for porcine ETEC.
Abstract: Three enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains (coded 62, 104, and 567/7) isolated from piglets with neonatal diarrhea produced only a thermostable enterotoxin. Although these strains showed mannose-resistant microhemagglutination (MRMH), the responsible factor was serologically different from the known hemagglutinating colonization factors from porcine strains (K88, K99, and F41). Bacterial cells from these strains adhered to HeLa cells and pig brush borders. Electron microscope studies revealed the presence of fimbria-like structures on bacterial cells grown at 37 C but not on cells grown at 18 C. The antiserum prepared from partially purified fimbrial antigen (provisionally called F42) inhibited chicken erythrocyte MRMH caused by these strains as well as adherence of strain 567/7 to HeLa cells and to pig brush borders. These data taken together suggest the existence of a new hemagglutinating adhesin that is different from those so far described for porcine ETEC.
TL;DR: Morphological changes in peripheral nerve caused by the venoms of the scorpions Leiurus quinquestriatus and Centruroides sculpturatus were compared with those caused by Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom and it seems likely that these effects result from an action common to the three venoms.
Abstract: Morphological changes in peripheral nerve caused by the venoms of the scorpions Leiurus quinquestriatus and Centruroides sculpturatus were compared with those caused by Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom. Both scorpion venoms are known to delay the inactivation of sodium currents, Centruroides venom also altering the voltage dependence of sodium gating. Venom was injected by means of a glass micropipette into the sciatic nerves of anaesthetized mice. After survival times ranging from 15 min to 24 h the nerves were examined by light and electron microscopy. The two scorpion venoms caused alterations virtually identical to those produced by Phoneutria venom, which included swelling of the nodal axoplasm and accumulation of fluid in the periaxonal space of myelinated fibres. These alterations were most marked after 1 to 2 h and had largely disappeared by 24 h. Pre-treatment of the nerves with tetrodotoxin, which specifically blocks sodium channels, completely prevented both the nodal axoplasmic swelling and the periaxonal oedema. It seems likely that these effects result from an action common to the three venoms and that this is probably a delay in the inactivation of sodium current at the node of Ranvier.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between energy and development is discussed, the difference between energy demand and energy requirements is established, the fulfillment of either resulting in PV markets different by orders of magnitude, and the main conclusions of a recent study of the potential PV market in the rural areas of northeast Brazil.
TL;DR: The most important morphological characteristics of this new myxosporidian are its bottle-shaped polar capsules and their unequal caudal processes.
Abstract: A new myxosporidian, Henneguya intracornea n.sp., parasitizing the ocular cornea of a freshwater characidian fish Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842), is described. The parasitized hosts have been collected from water reservoirs. These aquatic environments were constructed at small natural branches of Atibaia and Jaguari rivers, near Campinas, SP, Brazil. The different developmental stages of H. intracornea n.sp., as well as their morphological and biological characteristics are studied. In all cases examined it was observed that the myxosporidian only occurred in the cornea. The most important morphological characteristics of this new species are its bottle-shaped polar capsules and their unequal caudal processes.
TL;DR: The results indicated that rats fed bean-containing diets excreted significantly more endogenous nitrogen than those fed the casein diet, even though the Casein diet had stimulated twice as much endogenous excretion than the protein-free diet.
Abstract: Wistar rats of 60.5 +/- 5.0 g fasted for 24 h were injected intraperitoneally with 10 microCi of [14C]glycine. One to two hours after injection the rats were fed a diet containing 10.53 +/- 0.75% protein provided by dry beans or casein, or a protein-free diet and submitted to a 4-d nitrogen balance. Radioactivity in the feces of rats fed casein, cooked beans and raw beans was roughly 2, 5 and 10 times greater, respectively, than in the feces of those fed the protein-free diet. Apparent protein digestibility showed a strong negative linear correlation (r = -0.9805, P less than or equal to 0.01) with radioactivity in the feces. Positive correlation (P less than or equal to 0.01) was demonstrated between radioactivity and either total carbon or total nitrogen in the feces of rats injected with [14C]glycine. Mean value for the radioactivity in the urine of rats fed the different diets did not differ significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05). Endogenous nitrogen excretion of rats on bean diets was estimated by the ratio of total endogenous N to marker N, based on the protein-free diet. The results indicated that rats fed bean-containing diets excreted significantly more endogenous nitrogen than those fed the casein diet, even though the casein diet had stimulated twice as much endogenous excretion than the protein-free diet. As a consequence, apparent digestibility and biological value of bean protein are generally underestimated, although the "real" biological value was not affected by the endogenous nitrogen excretion of the rat.