Showing papers by "State University of New York System published in 1968"
TL;DR: Venous blood from healthy volunteers, patients with known bacterial disease, and patients with non-bacterial illnesses was incubated with a solution of nitroblue-tetrazolium (N.B.T.).
681 citations
TL;DR: Eggs of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina, were incubated at 30°C and at 20°C to determine the incubation period and a series of 26 stages of development is described.
Abstract: Eggs of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina were incubated at 30°C and at 20°C. The incubation period at the higher temperature was about 63 days. At the lower temperature, the period was estimated to be 140 days. Lengths of the embryos at various times of development were recorded. A series of 26 stages is described. The staging is based on timed intervals at a constant temperature, 20°C.
422 citations
TL;DR: The investigation reported here was initiated to determine the extent of the intraspecies variation in this type of cellular response and eventually the degree of genetic control involved.
Abstract: THE many pathophysiological effects produced by endotoxins are subject to considerable variation. Such variation may serve as a useful tool for analysing the mechisms of endotoxin activity, if different strains of highly inbred animals raised in the same environmental conditions can be found to differ in their responses to the same materials. Previous observations have indicated that this might be so with regard to the intraperitoneal leucocyte response to endotoxin in mice1. The investigation reported here was initiated to determine the extent of the intraspecies variation in this type of cellular response and eventually the degree of genetic control involved.
376 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the momenta of the particles and compounds are not changed in the scattering, but particles are exchanged, such as $ABC+DE\ensuremath{\rightarrow}ADC+BE$.
Abstract: For $N$ particles with equal mass, interacting with repulsive or attractive $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function interaction of the same strength, the $S$ matrix is explicitly given and shown to be symmetrical and unitary. The incoming and outgoing states may consist of bound compounds as well as single particles. The momenta of the particles and compounds are not changed in the scattering, but particles are exchanged, such as $ABC+DE\ensuremath{\rightarrow}ADC+BE$. Only distinguishable particles are considered.
304 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of $N$ particles interacting in one dimension by a repulsive delta-function potential is solved, when the wave function $\ensuremath{\psi}$ transforms like any irreducible representation of the Young tableau.
Abstract: The problem of $N$ particles interacting in one dimension by a repulsive delta-function potential is solved, when the wave function $\ensuremath{\psi}$ transforms like any irreducible representation ${R}_{\ensuremath{\psi}}$ of ${S}_{N}$ for which the Young tableau consists of a finite number of either rows or columns.
277 citations
261 citations
TL;DR: Evidence was obtained which suggested that there was no significant spread of label from the site of injection to the CNS by way of extracellular spaces, and the radioautographic technic appeared to define more reliably the distribution of small diameter fibers.
227 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the one-dimensional model of Lieb, Schulz, and Mattis and study the asymptotic behavior of the three correlation functions in both isotropic and anisotropic cases at both nonzero and zero temperatures.
Abstract: We consider the one-dimensional $X\ensuremath{-}Y$ model of Lieb, Schulz, and Mattis and study the asymptotic behavior of each of the three correlation functions $〈{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}}^{i}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{N}}^{i}〉={{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}}^{i}$, where $i=x$, $y$, or $z$. We study in detail the influence of $X\ensuremath{-}Y$ anisotropy by separately studying the correlation functions in both the isotropic and anisotropic cases at both nonzero and zero temperatures. For nonzero temperature we derive both low- and high-temperature expansions for all three correlations and show that these correlations go to zero exponentially as $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. The behavior near $T=0$ is studied in the isotropic case by considering the $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ limit with $\mathrm{TN}$ fixed, while in the anisotropic case we must hold ${T}^{2}N$ fixed as $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. In this manner we obtain the $T=0$ result that if the interaction is stronger in the $x$ direction, then ${{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}}^{x}$ approaches a constant exponentially while ${{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}}^{y}$ approaches zero exponentially as $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. We finally show that in the isotropic case at $T=0$ that ${{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}}^{x}={{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}}^{y}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{N}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}1}{2}}$. In all cases, at least the first two terms of the asymptotic series are explicitly given.
215 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a phenomenological reconstruction of the theory of magnetic charge is made by reference to a new kind of photon source, and it is shown that photon exchange between different source types is relativistically invariant.
Abstract: A beginning is made on a phenomenological reconstruction of the theory of magnetic charge. The concept is introduced by reference to a new kind of photon source. It is shown that photon exchange between different source types is relativistically invariant. The space-time generalization of this coupling involves an arbitrary vector. The only way to remove a corresponding arbitrariness of physical predictions is to recognize the localization of charge and impose a charge quantization condition. The consideration of particles that carry both kinds of charge loosens the charge restrictions. The great strength of magnetic attraction indicated by $\frac{{g}^{2}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}}=4(137)$ suggests that ordinary matter is a magnetically neutral composite of magnetically charged particles that carry fractional electric charge. There is a brief discussion of such a magnetic model of strongly interacting particles, which makes contact with empirical classification schemes. Additional remarks on notation, and on the general nature of the source description, are appended.
157 citations
TL;DR: The data support the possibility that Cr deficiency may lead to the impairment of the GTT in some elderly subjects and suggest that an adequate rise in serum Cr might be necessary for normality of the G.T.T in elderly subjects.
Abstract: The possible role of Cr deficiency in the impairment of glucose tolerance in elderly subjects has been studied. Chromium supplements, 150 μg. daily, were given to 10 apparently healthy inmates of an old-age home, whose oral glucose tolerance tests (G.T.T.'s) were abnormal. Mean GTT became normal in 4 subjects (“Cr responders”) but remained abnormal in the other 6 subjects (“Cr non-responders”) during Cr administration. The beneficial effect of Cr in the “Cr responders” did not result from an increased release of insulin, since plasma ILA and immuno-reactive insulin levels were normal and rose normally after the glucose load both before and during Cr supplementation. Serum Cr concentration was found to rise significantly after the glucose load in old and young subjects but to a lower level in the elderly “Cr non-responders”, suggesting that an adequate rise in serum Cr might be necessary for normality of the G.T.T. The data support the possibility that Cr deficiency may lead to the impairment of the GTT in some elderly subjects.
154 citations
TL;DR: A patient with a familial disorder of phagocytosis due to a plasma-associated defect rather than a primary defect of polymorphonuclear-leucocyte function was described in this paper.
TL;DR: Concentrations of DDT as low as a few parts per billion in water reduced photosynthesis in laboratory cultures of four species of coastal and oceanic phytoplankton representing four major classes of algae, and in a natural phy toplanka community from Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Abstract: Concentrations of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] as low as a few parts per billion in water reduced photosynthesis in laboratory cultures of four species of coastal and oceanic phytoplankton representing four major classes of algae, and in a natural phytoplankton community from Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Toxicity to diatoms increased as cell concentration decreased. This inhibition may be of ecological importance.
TL;DR: In this article, a general technique for obtaining dispersion relations in the mass variable is proposed, which is used in order to translate the low-energy theorems valid for "mathematical pions" of zero four-momentum into physically meaningful expressions for real pions.
TL;DR: Twenty-five sugars have been compared as inhibitors of l-sorbose or d-xylose transport by the constitutive, monosaccharide transport system in bakers' yeast and showed that the transport system has a rather broad specificity for pyranoses.
Abstract: Twenty-five sugars have been compared as inhibitors of l-sorbose or d-xylose transport by the constitutive, monosaccharide transport system in bakers' yeast. d-Glucose showed the highest activity (i.e., apparent K(i) = 5 mm). Since all sugars except 2-deoxyglucose showed a decrease in activity relative to glucose (i.e., apparent K(i) = 25 - >2,000 mm), an attempt was made to relate the activity of each sugar with the way its structure differs from that of d-glucose. Assuming that the inhibition was the result of sugar-carrier complex formation, the analysis showed that the transport system has a rather broad specificity for pyranoses. Single changes at each of the five carbons of d-glucose (except for the 2-deoxy derivative) result in variable decreases in activity depending upon the carbon number and the alteration. The largest decrease in activity effected by a single change is the methylation or glucosylation of the anomeric hydroxyl. The combination of two or more changes leads to a decrease which is greater than the decrease in activity resulting from the individual changes occurring alone.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the electroneutrality condition is a consequence of Poisson's equation when a certain dimensionless parameter is small, and a separate assumption of such an equilibrium is redundant.
Abstract: The Nernst‐Planck flux equations and Poisson's equation are used to describe the transport of ions across a membrane carrying a fixed charge. The resulting problem is studied using a perturbation theory in order to derive the so‐called “electroneutrality” condition as a certain limiting case. It is found that the electroneutrality condition is a consequence of Poisson's equation when a certain dimensionless parameter is small. It is also shown that a Donnan equilibrium at the membrane boundaries is a consequence of the Nernst‐Planck equations when this dimensionless parameter is small, and a separate assumption of such an equilibrium is redundant. The small parameter can be interpreted as the ratio of a Debye length and the membrane thickness.
TL;DR: It has been shown that there are many distinguishing features for the responses produced by the two types of afferent input to the cerebellum: climbing fibers and mossy fibers, and it is always possible to distinguish between the CF- and the MF-evoked responses recorded along microelectrode tracks in the anterior lobe.
Abstract: Responses were evoked in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum by volleys in group I and II fibers of forelimb and hindlimb nerves — cutaneous, muscular, joint and fascial. These responses have been observed along microelectrode tracks that traverse the whole depth of the anterior lobe. These tracks have been identified in histological sections, and the recording sites along these tracks have been determined. It has been shown that there are many distinguishing features for the responses produced by the two types of afferent input to the cerebellum: climbing fibers and mossy fibers. The depth profiles are of particular importance in the differentiation of the CF and MF responses, and they correspond to those already determined for the exposed surface areas of the cerebellar cortex. As would be expected from the distribution of synapses by the CF fibers to the Purkinje cell dendrites, there is a maximum extracellular negativity deep in the molecular layer with sources superficial and deep thereto. In contrast, the mossy fiber input produces a powerful synaptic excitation in the granular layer, which is recorded there as a negative wave (N2). The mossy fiber input by sequential relay also produces a negative wave (N3) in the molecular layer. This wave is distinguished from the CF-evoked negative wave because it is not reversed in the fissura and the adjacent superficial molecular layer. An important distinguishing feature of the MF- and CF-evoked responses is that the latencies of the former are shorter by 6–12 msec for forelimb nerves and by 9–15 msec for hindlimb nerves. It is thus possible to measure the sizes of the MF and CF responses in the same traces. Another distinguishing feature is the failure of the CF responses with stimulus frequencies of 5–15/sec, whereas the MF-evoked potentials are well maintained above 15/sec. Also CF-evoked responses show much more size and latency variance than the MF-evoked responses, and often the facilitation of two or three volleys is required in order to evoke a stable CF response. By utilizing these various tests it is always possible to distinguish between the CF- and the MF-evoked responses recorded along the microelectrode tracks in the anterior lobe.
TL;DR: Stimulation at a number of brain sites did not produce retrograde impairment of passive avoidance, and control electrode placements negated current spread, antidromic effects due to excitation of fibers of passage, and downstream peripheral effects mediated by internal capsular fibers as significant influences in the mediation of the retention deficits obtained.
TL;DR: Using a model proposed earlier and experimental proton form factors, the high-energy elastic scattering cross section was computed in this article, where the scattering cross-section of the high energy elastic π-perturbation was computed.
Abstract: Using a model proposed earlier and experimental proton form factors, the high-energy elastic $\mathrm{pp}$ scattering cross section is computed.
TL;DR: Barbiturates were found to be effective enhancers of bilirubin conjugation and excretion in animals and may have important threapeutic value in the human.
Abstract: Extract: Glucuronide conjugation of bilirubin in mammalian liver is catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme uriding phosphoglucuronyltransefrasc (UDPGT). Enzymic activity as measured in vitro is low in the young of many species. The present study was designed to determine whether UDPGT activity could be modified in adult, young, and newborn animals. Following intraperitoneal injection of saline and sodium barbital in control and experimental mice, respectively, for three consecutive days, the UDPGT activity in liver homogenates was measured on the fourth day. A significant increase in the enzyme acctivity was found in all ages. Results (μg bilirubin conjugated/g protein/20 min) include; newborn of dam trated during pregnancy, 96, vs control, 38; 4 days of age, treated (3 groups with 3 different levels of barbiturate for 3 days) 240, 362, and 533, vs control, 186; adult (treated) 181 vs control, 103. These increases were not influenced by adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, or orchiectomy. Rabbits also responded with a similar increase in UDPGT activity after pretreatment with phenobarbital given by subcutaneous injection and were utilized in clearance studies. In adult rabbits, following rapid intravenous infusion of bilirubin (8 mg/kg), an enchancement in excretion into bile and an increase in bile flow were observed. Bile flow (μl bile/100 g body weight/min) increased in adult animals following treatment: 2–3 vs control of 1–2. Total bilirubin excreated as a precent of the infused load was: treated, 76% vs control, 33%. In young rabbits, disappearance of bilirubin from serum was faster in the phenobarbital-pretreated animals than in controls. The excretion of bilirubin (Δ bilirubin mg/100 ml serum) in newborn animals was: treated, 3.01; untreated, 1.13. In 4-day-old animals, the excretions was: treated, 3.89 vs controls, 2.61. It is proposed that several mechanisms may be responsible for the barbiturate effect and they may participate differently at various ages. Speculation: Barbiturates were found to be effective enhancers of bilirubin conjugation and excretion in animals. A similar approach may have important threapeutic value in the human. Newborn and premature infants with a deficient glucuronide conjugating mechanism and a probable defect in hepatic transport can benefit from this pharamacologic approach. Applicability to patients with hyperbilirubinemia on an inherited metabolic bases also can be considered.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple inequality, expressed in terms of two arbitrary distribution functions of the same normalization, is shown to be useful for computing the configurational free energy.
Abstract: A simple inequality, expressed in terms of two arbitrary distribution functions of the same normalization, is shown to be useful. By choosing various different forms for the distribution functions one can derive important results, such as the upper and lower bounds of the configurational free energy.
TL;DR: The rapid entry of the label into the ventral root and peripheral nerve conforms with the concept that axoplasmic proteins are synthetized in the neuron cell body and transported into the axon.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of drying methods on the permeability of red pine and eastern hemlock sapwood was investigated, and pit aspiration was found to be responsible for the reduction.
Abstract: The influence of drying methods on the permeability of red pine and eastern hemlock sapwood was investigated. Permeability was found to be reduced by normal drying procedures to only a small percentage of the green permeability. The reduction was more severe at higher drying temperatures; less severe but still very large at -18° C. Pit aspiration was shown to be responsible for the reduction. Replacing the sap with surfactant solutions and organic liquids and evaporating them revealed that pit aspiration occurred with surfactant solutions having surface tension values of less than 20 dynes/cm and did not occur with organic liquids having surface tension values as high as 44 dynes/cm. It is suggested that a critical factor in pit aspiration is the adhesion of the torus to the pit border, and the failure of the organic liquids to cause pit aspiration is due to their inability to promote adhesion between the torus and pit border.
TL;DR: A method for constructing independent invariant amplitudes for photon processes which satisfy gauge invariance and are free from both kinematic singularities and zeros (constraints) is proposed in this article.
Abstract: A method for constructing independent invariant amplitudes for photon processes which satisfy gauge invariance and are free from both kinematic singularities and zeros (constraints) is proposed The method is based on the use of a simple projection operator which automatically ensures gauge invariance at every stage The invariant amplitudes for pion photoproduction, pion Compton scattering, and nucleon Compton scattering are found Previously known results in the first two cases are reproduced and their interpretation is clarified For nucleon Compton scattering the result is new Comparisons are made between these invariant amplitudes, the Hearn and Leader amplitudes, and the regularized helicity amplitudes The Mandelstam representation may be applied to these kinematic-singularity-free and zero-free amplitudes without any ad hoc substractions All known low-energy theorems on photon processes can be derived most directly from these invariant amplitudes
TL;DR: In this article, the phenomenological Lagrangian approach to the current-field algebra, and its advantages and defects, are discussed, and the computational rules are stated, and justification is offered.
Abstract: The phenomenological Lagrangian approach to the current-field algebra, and its advantages and defects, are discussed. The computational rules are stated, and justification is offered. Based on the phenomenological field-algebra Lagrangian, we consider the electromagnetic effects on the pion mass (for finite pion mass), the $\ensuremath{\rho}$-meson mass, and the pion $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay.
TL;DR: Excess radiogenic argon in deep sea basalts from crest of East Pacific Rise, noting relation to glass content, was found in this paper, showing that glass content is positively correlated with argon content.
TL;DR: The inducible galactose transport system in bakers' yeast carries out the facilitated diffusion of the nonmetabolized Galactose analogues d-fucose and l-arabinose, and mutants in which the inducibility of the galactoside pathway enzymes is altered show a parallel alteration of the inducers of this system.
Abstract: The inducible galactose transport system in bakers9 yeast carries out the facilitated diffusion of the nonmetabolized galactose analogues d-fucose and l-arabinose. This capacity depends on the activity of the Ga 2 gene. In some strains, d-fucose and l-arabinose are also gratuitous inducers. Mutants in which the inducibility of the galactose pathway enzymes is altered show a parallel alteration of the inducibility of the galactose transport system.
TL;DR: Observations were found that between different recording sites along the same track or along adjacent tracks, there was a great deal of variation in the relative magnitudes of the CF-evoked responses from the different nerves.
Abstract: Volleys in group I and II fibers of muscle nerves and group II fibers of cutaneous, joint and fascial nerves have evoked CF responses in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. In the pars intermedia there is a fairly sharp somatotopic localization of the forelimb CF responses to the Vth lobule (Larsell) and the hindlimb to the IVth and IIIrd lobules. In the vermis there is much more admixture, with the hindlimb-evoked responses tending to dominate in the lateral vermis of the Vth lobule, and the forelimb more medially. In the IVth and IIIrd lobules forelimb responses were rare and were never large. In the medial vermis up to 1–1.7 mm from the midline there were no CF-evoked responses from the limb nerves. These distributions of CF-evoked responses are remarkably different from those reported by Oscarsson, and consideration is given to the factors responsible for this discrepancy.