Showing papers by "State University of New York System published in 1974"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a randomly drawn sample of 314 over-the-counter stocks and found that while there are economies of scale, they are not on the dealer level, both systematic and unsystematic risk were tested for association with transaction costs in this market.
625 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the elastic scattering process was shown to have a sharp coherent forward peak, where the coherent cross sections (in contrast to incoherent) are almost energy-independent, and this peak can give important information on the isospin structure of the neutral current.
Abstract: If there is a weak neutral current, then the elastic scattering process $\ensuremath{
u}+A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{
u}+A$ should have a sharp coherent forward peak just as $e+A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e+A$ does. Experiments to observe this peak can give important information on the isospin structure of the neutral current. The experiments are very difficult, although the estimated cross sections (about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}38}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ on carbon) are favorable. The coherent cross sections (in contrast to incoherent) are almost energy-independent. Therefore, energies as low as 100 MeV may be suitable. Quasi-coherent nuclear excitation processes $\ensuremath{
u}+A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{
u}+{A}^{*}$ provide possible tests of the conservation of the weak neutral current. Because of strong coherent effects at very low energies, the nuclear elastic scattering process may be important in inhibiting cooling by neutrino emission in stellar collapse and neutron stars.
516 citations
TL;DR: Vehicle routing for municipal waste collection encompasses a variety of problems and the techniques developed for solving some of these problems are explored.
Abstract: Vehicle routing for municipal waste collection encompasses a variety of problems. In this paper, we explore the techniques we have developed for solving some of these problems.
467 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that phonological representations play a significant role in visual word recognition and that there is a dependence between successive phonemic-encoding operations.
Abstract: Previous investigators have argued that printed words are recognized directly from visual representations and/or phonological representations obtained through phonemic recoding. The present research tested these hypotheses by manipulating graphemic and phonemic relations within various pairs of letter strings. Ss in two experiments classified the pairs as words or nonwords. Reaction times and error rates were relatively small for word pairs (e.g., BRIBE-TRIBE) that were both graphemically, and phonemically similar. Graphemic similarity alone inhibited performance on other word pairs (e.g., COUCH-TOUCH). These and other results suggest that phonological representations play a significant role in visual word recognition and that there is a dependence between successive phonemic-encoding operations. An encoding-bias model is proposed to explain the data.
395 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe some of the important concepts and techniques which seem to help provide a solution of the stationary time series problem (prediction and model identification), and introduce a criterion for selecting the Order of an autoregressive estimator which can be regarded as determining the order of an AR scheme when in fact the time series is generated by an AR of finite order.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to describe some of the important concepts and techniques which seem to help provide a solution of the stationary time series problem (prediction and model identification). Section I reviews models. Section II reviews prediction theory and develops criteria of closeness of a "fitted" model to a "true" model. The central role of the infinite autoregressive transfer function g_{\infty} is developed, and the time series modeling problem is defined to be the estimation of g_{\infty} . Section III reviews estimation theory. Section IV describes autoregressive estimators of g_{\infty} . It introduces a criterion for selecting the Order of an autoregressive estimator which can be regarded as determining the order of an AR scheme when in fact the time series is generated by an AR scheme of finite order.
340 citations
TL;DR: A crude extract of commercial wheat germ is capable of translating mRNAs from widely different sources with high efficiencies and 80% of the proteins produced have a molecular weight greater than TMV coat protein (17,400).
Abstract: A crude extract of commercial wheat germ is capable of translating mRNAs from widely different sources with high efficiencies. Of six wheat germs analyzed only one was found capable of a high level or incorporation with natural mRNAs. Under optimum conditions at a saturating level of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA (4.5 mug) and labeled amino acid, 68% of all the available (14)C leucine is incorporated in 70 min. at 30 degrees C with a stimulation of 425 fold above background (with an efficiency of 252 moles leucine/mole TMV RNA). Thus this system which is 30 fold more efficient for TMV translation than previous reported wheat germ cell free systems is capable of yielding 568 pmoles of (14)C leucine incorporated into protein in a 50 mul assay. 80% of the proteins produced have a molecular weight greater than TMV coat protein (17,400). This level of incorporation requires optimization of extract concentration, pH, Mg(+2), K(+) and spermine concentration as well as the method of extract preparation. Samples of crude polysomal RNA from hen oviducts (3% mRNA) and chorionating moth follicular cells (1% mRNA) are also translated in the wheat germ cell free system with high efficiency.
302 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a structured behavioral self-report inventory is proposed as an alternative to the patients' unsystematic verbal report as the measure of treatment outcome, which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual behavior.
Abstract: A major problem in research on the effectiveness of sex therapy procedures has been the lack of a valid and reliable measure of sexual functioning. In many other types of direct, behavioral therapy (e.g., assertiveness training) the patients can be directly observed while engaging in the target behavior. In the area of sexual behavior, ethical and social considerations obviously make direct observation impossible. Consequently, many clinicians have relied on the patients’ unsystematic verbal report as the measure of treatment outcome. This chapter offers a structured behavioral self-report inventory as an alternative to such informal assessment.
272 citations
TL;DR: Homing pigeons were equipped with a pair of small coils around their heads that directed birds with the polarity reversed oriented toward home when the sun was visible but often flew away from home under overcast.
Abstract: Homing pigeons were equipped with a pair of small coils around their heads. Birds with an induced field of 0.6 gauss and the south magnetic pole up, oriented toward home normally under both sun and overcast. Birds with the polarity reversed oriented toward home when the sun was visible but often flew away from home under overcast.
265 citations
TL;DR: The results show that macaque monkeys and normal human observers show a rod-cone break at the same flicker frequency, and are very similar in both relative and absolute scotopic and photopic sensitivity.
261 citations
TL;DR: Electrochemically injected silver from the anode is probably the instrumental agent, being effective in concentrations of about 5 μg/ml, which is the equivalent concentration of silver sulfadiazine that has been shown to give complete inhibition of bacteria, but without the sulfonamide moiety.
Abstract: Silver, platinum, gold, stainless-steel, and copper electrodes were used with low currents (0.02 to 20 μA/mm 2 ) to explore their electrochemical effects on the growth of four bacterial species. In the higher current ranges, all electrodes inhibited growth at both poles, usually in conjunction with electrolytic break-down of the medium and severe corrosion of the metal. Silver, however, was extremely bacteriostatic, even at the lowest current, when used as the anode. Quantitative studies showed that most of this inhibition takes place in a few hours and is not accompanied by changes in pH. Electrochemically injected silver from the anode is probably the instrumental agent, being effective in concentrations of about 5 μg/ml. This is the equivalent concentration of silver sulfadiazine that has been shown to give complete inhibition of bacteria, but without the sulfonamide moiety. Images
255 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors recast Zwanzig's approach to inelastic atom/harmonic chain scattering in a form which suggests generalization to atomic collisions with real solid surfaces.
Abstract: Zwanzig's approach to inelastic atom/harmonic chain scattering is recast in a form which suggests generalization to atomic collisions with real solid surfaces. We reduce the infinite set of equations of motion for the impinging atom and harmonic chain to a pair of equations of motion. These equations describe the collision of the incident particle with a generalized Langevin oscillator. The first and second fluctuation‐dissipation theorems for the Langevin oscillator are verified and their implications for the scattering process are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the Dirichlet fundamental polyhedron P0 was constructed for a discrete subgroup of SL(2, C)/{• 1] and the set of points of S 2 at which G does not act discontinuously is the limit set A(G).
Abstract: Let G be a discrete subgroup of SL(2, C)/{• 1}. Then G operates as a discontinuous group of isometrics on hyperbolic 3-space, which we regard as the open unit ball B a in Euclidean 3-space E a. G operates on S 2, the boundary of B a, as a group of conformal homeomorphisms, but it need not be discontinuous there. The set of points of S 2 at which G does not act discontinuously is the limit set A(G). If we fix a point 0 in B a, then the orbit of 0 under G accumulates precisely at A(G). The approximation is, however, not uniform. We distinguish a class of limit points, called points o/aproximation, which are approximated very well by translates of 0. The set of points of approximation includes all loxodromic (including hyperbolic) fixed points, and includes no parabolic fixed points. In w 1 we give several equivalent definitions of point of approximation, and derive some properties. We remark that these points were first discussed by Hedlund [7]. Starting with a suitable point 0 in B a, we can construct the Dirichlet fundamental polyhedron P0 for G. I t was shown by Greenberg [5] that even if G is finitely generated, P0 need not have finitely many sides. Our next main result, given in w 2, is that if P0 is finite-sided, then every point of A(G) is either a point of approximation or a cusped parabolic fixed point (roughly speaking a parabolic fixed point is cusped if it represents the right number of punctures in (S2-A(G))/G). The above theorem has several applications: one of these is a new proof of the following theorem of Ahlfors [1].
TL;DR: It is argued that to maintain function with a smaller number of enzymes, earlier enzymes must have been less specific, catalyzing classes of reactions that resulted in ambiguous translation, each cistron producing a family of related proteins.
TL;DR: The changes in MEPP amplitude histograms over the course of metamorphosis are the reverse of those found with denervation as well as a reversible increase in the proportion of small mode MEPPs.
Abstract: Amplitude histograms of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) from adult sartorius muscle cells show a definite bimodality with the mean amplitude of the larger mode five to seven times that of the smaller mode which accounted for 2–5 % of the total MEPPs. Histograms were plotted after high frequency MEPP generation induced by increasing temperature, increasing external calcium or nerve stimulation. These plots showed a reversible left-shift of the major mode as well as a reversible increase in the proportion of small mode MEPPs. Repeated challenges shifted almost all MEPPs into the small mode. An increase in the percentage of small mode MEPPs also occurred spontaneously during the course of denervation before the quiescent period and some of the histogram profiles showed multiple modes whose means were integer multiples of the small mode mean. In the early stages of hind leg development the greatest proportion of MEPPs were of the small mode size; as metamorphosis progressed, the histograms showed a definite multimodality with the mean of each mode being an integer multiple of the small mode mean and with the proportion of MEPPs in each mode about the same. During tail resorption the percentage of larger MEPPs increased until the adult histogram profile was reached. Thus, the changes in MEPP amplitude histograms over the course of metamorphosis are the reverse of those found with denervation.
TL;DR: The results of an experiment in which the genetics of preference were investigated in hybrids between B and D mice are compatible with the hypothesis of single-locus regulation of preference for saccharin at moderate concentrations.
Abstract: VIDENCE for single-locus control of behavioral differences among inbred strains of mice is accumulating; examples include proneness to audiogenic seizure ' , avoidance learning', various activity measures", and vocalization' ' beginning with .096 percent W/V) and doubling succes- sively to 3.08 percent (W/V)). No differences were found between strains B and D in acuity threshold or aversion threshold. The B mice had a lower threshold for preference and drank more from the higher concentrations when the six solutions were simul- taneously presented. The F, hybrids responded like the B mice. The preference and avoidance thresholds are shown in Figure 1. Note that in comparison with the two other genotypes the area of preference for the D mice is restricted both with respect to range of concentrations (horizontal dimension) and to intensity of preference when it occurs (vertical dimension). This pattern sug- gests the complete dominance of the B strain's prefer- ence for saccharin. The hypothesis was further sup- ported by the response to saccharin of both strains and their hybrid during food deprivation s . Pelz et al. 9 also found large differences between inbred strains and feral mice in their preference for saccharin, and although they reported no data from crosses beyond the F,, their results are compatible with the hypothesis of single-locus regulation of preference for saccharin at moderate concentrations. This paper discusses the results of an experiment in which the genetics of preference were investigated in hybrids between B and D mice. Method
TL;DR: In this article, a simple description of the quenching in nuclear matter of the axial vector coupling constant in β-decay is given in terms of the model of Barshay, Brown and Rho constructed to provide a microscopic picture to the pion-nucleus optical potential for π-mesic atoms.
TL;DR: The Peach Springs Tuff, a welded ash flow of Miocene age, formerly blanketed a minimum area of 2,000 sq mi on both sides of the western edge of the Colorado Plateau in Mohave County, Arizona, and filled northeast-trending, pre-Colorado River canyons cut through the Paleozoic rocks.
Abstract: The Peach Springs Tuff, a welded ash flow of Miocene age, formerly blanketed a minimum area of 2,000 sq mi on both sides of the western edge of the Colorado Plateau in Mohave County, Arizona, and filled northeast-trending, pre–Colorado River canyons cut through the Paleozoic rocks. Paleomagnetic direction, petrography, and field relations indicate that the tuff is a single cooling unit of trachytic composition and normal polarity. It was erupted across the region prior to the last major movement of the plateau marginal faults, the completion of a significant amount of Basin and Range block faulting, and development of the existing topographic relief. A pre-tuff period of uplift and erosion exposed the Precambrian basement rocks directly west of the plateau. Gravel buried in canyons beneath the tuff on the edge of the Hualapai Plateau is evidence of northeast-flowing, incised drainage, in pre-tuff time, which probably continued northward along the Hurricane fault zone across the region where the younger canyon of the Colorado River is now. This ancient drainage system was disrupted by faulting, volcanism, and localized fluvial aggradation, followed by gradual incision of the modern Colorado River drainage. South of the Truxton Valley, there is evidence of a pre–middle Miocene drainage divide along the edge of the present plateau. All geologic evidence points to an early to middle Pliocene age for the modern Colorado River and associated tributary drainage on the Hualapai Plateau west of the Hurricane fault.
TL;DR: This article measured the frequency of perceptual errors as a function of differential presupposition in descriptive sentences and found that more errors occurred when the misrepresentation involved the presupposition than when it involved the focused proposition.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The subsequent sustained proliferation of publications on these clinical states have increased knowledge and attest to the continuing interest and importance of this field of study.
Abstract: Delirium tremens and related clinical states have been part of the human condition since antiquity (Zilboorg and Henry, 1941). However little was known and less was written about them until the end of the eighteenth century, when the diagnosis and treatment of this group of illnesses were delineated for the first time (Lettsom, 1787; Pearson, 1801, 1813; Sutton, 1813). This was followed by a series of confirmatory observations, some of which also contributed new data on prognostic factors (Armstrong, 1813; Klapp, 1817; Channing, 1819; Snowden, 1820; Hayward, 1822; Staughton, 1822; Coates, 1827; Wright, 1830; Carter, 1830; Jackson, 1830; Ware, 1838). The subsequent sustained proliferation of publications on these clinical states have increased our knowledge and attest to the continuing interest and importance of this field of study.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors construct a mathematical model which reflects certain structural aspects of the syllogistic logic and examine both the mathematical properties of the model and the relation of this model to the system of logic envisaged in certain scattered parts of Prior and Posterior Analytics.
Abstract: In the present article we attempt to show that Aristotle’s syllogistic is an underlying logic which includes a natural deductive system and that it is not an axiomatic theory as had previously been thought. We construct a mathematical model which reflects certain structural aspects of Aristotle’s logic and we examine both the mathematical properties of the model and the relation of the model to the system of logic envisaged in certain scattered parts of Prior and Posterior Analytics.
TL;DR: It is suggested that experimental chronic serum sickness can be used as a model, not only for glomerulonephritis, but also for experimental systemic disease, comparable to human systemic diseases produced by circulating antigen-antibody complexes.
Abstract: Membranous and/or proliferative pneumonitis, similar in certain features to human interstitial pneumonitis, developed in rabbits making hyperactive antibody response to daily injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) administered in multiple large doses sufficient to maintain the state of relative antigen-antibody equivalence. The pulmonary lesions were associated with deposition in alveolar capillary walls and interstitium of antigen, host globulin and complement, presumably in immune complexes. In some rabbits chronic interstitial pneumonitis, characterized by thickening of alveolar capillary walls, interstitial fibrosis and deposition of fibrinogen, was observed. The production of immune complex pneumonitis seems to depend on the degree of the antibody response because rabbits developing chronic serum sickness with low doses of BSA, rabbits with acute serum sickness as well as nonresponders showed no pulmonary alterations. This observation is comparable to that described by Dixon in his studies on experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis. It is conceivable that the pulmonary pathology shown here is produced by formation of larger amounts of complexes which may persist longer at critical levels in the circulation than in rabbits immunized with a single daily injection of BSA. In conclusion this study suggests: first, that experimental chronic serum sickness can be used as a model, not only for glomerulonephritis, but also for experimental systemic disease, comparable to human systemic diseases produced by circulating antigen-antibody complexes; and second, that the pathogenesis proposed here offers an alternative to using antilung basement membrane pneumonitis for the experimental approach to the study of human lung immunopathology.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider a system of two unrelated regression equations (yi = Xiβi + ui, i = 1, 2) with, and examine some finite sample properties of β-estimators based on the unrestricted estimate S of Σ = (σij ).
Abstract: In this article, we consider a system of two “seemingly unrelated regression” equations (yi = Xiβi + ui, i = 1, 2) with , and examine some finite sample properties of β-estimators based on the unrestricted estimate S of Σ = (σij ). The estimator of β2 is shown to be identical with the direct OLS estimator b 2 obtained from Equation 2. The estimator of β1 is shown to be more efficient than b 1, the direct OLS estimator of β1 obtained from Equation 1, for moderate departures of from zero; the efficiency, moreover, is shown to increase rapidly with the sample size for any given ρ.
TL;DR: The structure theorems for proper circular-arc graphs and for unit circular-Arc graphs are given and a model for a family of unit-length arcs is proposed.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison between the UCR and non-UCR crime data is made, and the results suggest that for homicide trends and the geographic distribution of “index” offenses, UCR data depict similar patterns, and procedures which various researchers have proposed for constructing a "crime index" are compared to the simple-sum method used by UCR.
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic apparatus of collision theory for nonrelativistic potential problems is first developed, and the Born and eikonal series are introduced, and a general analysis is then given of multiple scattering expansions for several particle problems.
Abstract: The problem of quantum collisions involving several particle systems is reviewed within the framework of multiple scattering theory. The basic apparatus of collision theory for nonrelativistic potential problems is first developed, and the Born and eikonal series are introduced. A general analysis is then given of multiple scattering expansions for several particle problems. We discuss in particular the Born developments, the Faddeev-Watson expansions, the Glauber method, and various multiple scattering approaches to the determination of the optical potential. Applications to atomic collision problems and to high-energy hadron-deuteron scattering are discussed at length. © 1974 American Physical Society.
TL;DR: The results confirmed that experienced meditators were significantly less anxious and more internally controlled than beginning meditator and higher on 7 of Shostrom's 12 subscales of self-actualization.
Abstract: 15 experienced transcendental meditators and 21 novice meditators were administered Bendig's anxiety scale, Rotter's Locus of Control scale, and Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory of self-actualization. As predicted, experienced meditators were significantly less anxious and more internally controlled than beginning meditators. Likewise, experienced meditators were significantly higher, i.e., more self-actualized, on 7 of Shostrom's 12 subscales. These impressive results are discussed in terms of the psychological health implications of Transcendental Meditation and its potential therapeutic applications.
TL;DR: A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the feasibility of offering group psychotherapy to post-myocardial infarction patients for one year, and to test its effects upon prognosis.
Abstract: A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the feasibility of offering group psychotherapy to post-myocardial infarction patients for one year, and to test its effects upon prognosis. S...
TL;DR: The patterns of infection in 91 patients who developed Candida endocarditis after cardiac surgery are analyzed and the risk of disregarding postoperative candidemia, and of waiting for re-examination of the patient’s records is analyzed.