State University of New York System

About: State University of New York System is a education organization based out in Albany, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 54077 authors who have published 78070 publications receiving 2985160 citations.

Erotophobia‐erotophilia as a dimension of personality

Abstract: This review discusses the measurement, antecedents, and consequents of erotophobia‐erotophilia—the disposition to respond to sexual cues along a negative‐positive dimension of affect and evaluation. Test construction procedures which resulted in a 21‐item measure of this personality construct are reported. Evidence indicates that the measure is internally consistent, shows acceptable degrees of convergent and discriminant validity, and is correlated as expected with related constructs such as authoritarianism, adherence to traditional sex roles, indices of value orthodoxy, and various measures of sex‐related evaluations. Retrospective surveys and group contrasts suggest that erotophobia‐erotophilia is a learned disposition based on one's exposure to sex‐related restrictiveness and punishment during socialization. Consequents of erotophobia‐erotophilia involve avoidance versus approach responses to sexuality in a wide range of situations; scores on this test predict differential sexual experience, response...

Amygdala Responses to Emotionally Valenced Stimuli in Older and Younger Adults

Abstract: As they age, adults experience less negative emotion, come to pay less attention to negative than to positive emotional stimuli, and become less likely to remember negative than positive emotional materials. This profile of findings suggests that, with age, the amygdala may show decreased reactivity to negative information while maintaining or increasing its reactivity to positive information. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess whether amygdala activation in response to positive and negative emotional pictures changes with age. Both older and younger adults showed greater activation in the amygdala for emotional than for neutral pictures; however, for older adults, seeing positive pictures led to greater amygdala activation than seeing negative pictures, whereas this was not the case for younger adults.

Offline Arabic handwriting recognition: a survey

Abstract: The automatic recognition of text on scanned images has enabled many applications such as searching for words in large volumes of documents, automatic sorting of postal mail, and convenient editing of previously printed documents. The domain of handwriting in the Arabic script presents unique technical challenges and has been addressed more recently than other domains. Many different methods have been proposed and applied to various types of images. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these methods. It is the first survey to focus on Arabic handwriting recognition and the first Arabic character recognition survey to provide recognition rates and descriptions of test data for the approaches discussed. It includes background on the field, discussion of the methods, and future research directions.

Relationship between Nasopharyngeal Colonization and the Development of Otitis Media in Children

Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the predominant bacteria associated with otitis media. A cohort of 306 infants was followed from birth through 12 months to determine frequency and duration of colonization and risk of acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME). M. catarrhalis was the most common bacterium isolated. Infants colonized at£3 months of age were at increased risk of AOM and OME. Early colonization with M. catarrhalis revealed the greatest risk (relative risk [RR]A 1.24), especially for OME (RR A 1.57). There was a strong relationship between the frequency of colonization and OM (r A .37, P o .001,) for each pathogen. Although S. pneumoniae, nontypeable H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis are part of the normal nasopharyngeal flora during infancy, an increased rate of colonization may identify a subpopulation of children that is at increased risk of OM. Otitis media (OM) is the most common disease diagnosed ryngeal cultures and ear examinations completed as part of scheduled visits; patterns of colonization with each of the major among children [1]. The incidence of OM is greatest in the first 2 years of life [1 ‐ 6]. Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable middle ear pathogens were characterized. Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are major pathogens in OM and cause C75% of the infections [7]. The Methods development of OM begins in the nasopharynx. While the nasopharynx is normally colonized with avirulent bacteria, such Study population. Eligible infants (n A 306) were consecuas viridans streptococci, nonhemolytic streptococci, diphthe- tively enrolled at two large group practices in the suburban Buffalo roids, and Neisseria species, potential middle ear pathogens area. Infants with craniofacial abnormalities, genetic disorders, and may also be carried asymptomatically. The rates of colonization immune deficiencies were excluded from the study. Information gathered at entry included history of recurrent otitis media, allerwith S. pneumoniae, nontypeable H. influenzae, and M. cagies, and smoking history of parents. In addition, information re