State University of New York System

About: State University of New York System is a education organization based out in Albany, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 54077 authors who have published 78070 publications receiving 2985160 citations.

The one-dimensional Hubbard model

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Hubbard Hamiltonian and its symmetries 3. The Bethe ansatz solution 4. String hypothesis 5. Thermodynamics in the Yang-Yang approach 6. Ground state properties in the thermodynamic limit 7. Excited states at zero temperature 8. Finite size corrections at zero temperature 9. Asymptotics of correlation functions 10. Scaling and continuum limits at half-filling 11. Universal correlations at low density 12. The algebraic approach to the Hubbard model 13. The path integral approach to thermodynamics 14. The Yangian symmetry of the Hubbard model 15. S-matrix and Yangian symmetry in the infinite interval limit 16. Hubbard model in the attractive case 17. Mathematical appendices References Index.

Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129Xe

Abstract: As currently implemented, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relies on the protons of water molecules in tissue to provide the NMR signal. Protons are, however, notoriously difficult to image in some biological environments of interest, notably the lungs and lipid bilayer membranes such as those in the brain. Here we show that 129Xe gas can be used for high-resolution MRI when the nuclear-spin polarization of the atoms is increased by laser optical pumping and spin exchange. This process produces hyperpolarized 129Xe, in which the magnetization is enhanced by a factor of about 10(5). By introducing hyperpolarized 129Xe into mouse lungs we have obtained images of the lung gas space with a speed and a resolution better than those available from proton MRI or emission tomography. As xenon (a safe general anaesthetic) is rapidly and safely transferred from the lungs to blood and thence to other tissues, where it is concentrated in lipid and protein components, images of the circulatory system, the brain and other vital organs can also be obtained. Because the magnetic behaviour of 129Xe is very sensitive to its environment, and is different from that of 1H2O, MRI using hyperpolarized 129Xe should involve distinct and sensitive mechanisms for tissue contrast.