State University of New York System

About: State University of New York System is a education organization based out in Albany, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 54077 authors who have published 78070 publications receiving 2985160 citations.

Natural course of adolescent major depressive disorder: I. Continuity into young adulthood.

Abstract: Objective To examine the course of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) by comparing rates of mood and non-mood disorders between age 19 and 24 years in participants with a history of adolescent MDD versus participants with adolescent adjustment disorder with depressed mood, nonaffective disorder, and no disorder. Method Participants from a large community sample who had been interviewed twice during adolescence completed a third interview assessing Axis I psychopathology and antisocial and borderline personality disorders after their 24th birthday: 261 participants with MDD, 73 with adjustment disorder, 133 with nonaffective disorder, and 272 with no disorder through age 18. Results MDD in young adulthood was significantly more common in the adolescent MDD group than the nonaffective and no disorder groups (average annual rate of MDD=9.0%, 5.6%, and 3.7%, respectively). Adolescents with MDD also had a high rate of nonaffective disorders in young adulthood (annual nonaffective disorder rate=6.6%) but did not differ from adolescents with nonaffective disorder (7.2%). Prevalence rates of dysthymia and bipolar disorder were low (1%). Adolescents with adjustment disorder exhibited similar rates of MDD and nonaffective disorders in young adulthood as adolescents with MDD. Conclusions This study documents the significant continuity of MDD from adolescence to young adulthood. Public health implications of the findings are discussed. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1999, 38(1):56–63.

The firing of hippocampal place cells in the dark depends on the rat's recent experience

Abstract: Hippocampal "place cells" fire when a freely moving rat is in a given location. The firing of these cells is controlled by visual and nonvisual environmental cues. The effects of darkness on the firing of place cells was studied using the task of Muller et al. (1987), in which rats were trained to chase randomly scattered food pellets in a cylindrical drum with a white cue-card attached to the wall. The position of the rats was tracked via an infrared LED on the headstage with a video system linked to computer. Two experimental protocols were used: in the first, lights were turned off after the rat had already been placed in the chamber; in the second, the rat was placed in the darkened chamber. The dark segments produced by these 2 methods were identical with respect to light and other cues but differed with respect to the rat's experience. The firing patterns of 24 of 28 cells were unaffected by darkness when it was preceded by a light period. In contrast, the firing patterns of 14 of 22 cells changed dramatically when the rats were put into the darkened chamber. Furthermore, the majority of cells that changed their firing pattern in initial darkness maintained that change when the lights were turned on. These results show that place cells can fire differently in identical cue situations and that the best predictor of firing pattern is a combination of current cues and the rat's recent experience. The results are discussed in terms of mnemonic properties of hippocampal cells and "remapping" of place cell representations.

Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern U.S.A.

Abstract: Human activities have greatly altered the nitrogen (N) cycle, accelerating the rate of N fixation in landscapes and delivery of N to water bodies. To examine relationships between anthropogenic N inputs and riverine N export, we constructed budgets describing N inputs and losses for 16 catchments, which encompass a range of climatic variability and are major drainages to the coast of the North Atlantic Ocean along a latitudinal profile from Maine to Virginia. Using data from the early 1990’s, we quantified inputs of N to each catchment from atmospheric deposition, application of nitrogenous fertilizers, biological nitrogen fixation, and import of N in agricultural products (food and feed). We compared these inputs with N losses from the system in riverine export.