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Showing papers by "Stockholm School of Economics published in 1985"


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe environmental economics as seen from the standpoint of neoclassical welfare economics, and discuss theoretical framework for measurements of welfare effects of changes in the environment, based on a general equilibrium approach, to environmental problems.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes environmental economics as seen from the standpoint of neoclassical welfare economics. It discusses theoretical framework for measurements of welfare effects of changes in the environment. This framework is founded on a “general equilibrium approach,” to environmental problems. The chapter thus gives a conceptual theoretical framework for environmental economics. This framework has been presented in mathematical form. The chapter discusses the concept of “Lindahl equilibrium.” It is the most natural correspondence in an economy with public goods to the “competitive equilibrium” in an economy without public goods. The traditional general equilibrium models discuss the case where all goods in the model are privately owned and sold and bought on perfect markets. The chapter reviews that equilibrium in such an economy has some very desirable properties, the most important being that it is Pareto efficient, that is, there are no other feasible allocations in the economy that are more desired by some individuals but not less desired by all others. Finally, three approaches are discussed in the chapter: (1) to ask people about their willingness to pay for environmental services, (2) to make assumptions on preferences that will enable one to derive the utility function over environmental services from the demand functions for private goods, and (3) to make assumptions that imply that the value of some environmental services is capitalized in the price of some private goods.

66 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the extensions and applications of the multi-sectoral growth model, or the so-called MSG-model, which is an approximation of a largely unknown model and the exogenous wage and profitability structures are regarded as shorthand representations of phenomena that cannot be explained within the model.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the extensions and applications of the multi-sectoral growth model, or the so-called MSG-model In this model, the sectoral allocation of resources and sectoral output rates are determined by the interplay of profit-maximizing producers and utility-maximizing consumers in competitive markets The relative prices and quantities are simultaneously determined in the MSG-model, whereas input-output and linear programming type of resource allocation models typically determines equilibrium quantities at given relative prices or vice versa However, the challenge provided by the MSG-model to later model builders stems to a large extent from its incompleteness While the MSG-model allows price-induced substitution between inputs, the substitutability is restricted to capital and labor Consequently, intermediate inputs, such as energy and materials are used in fixed proportions, that is, in the usual input-output fashion Although, the MSG-model endogenously determines factor prices, it only distinguishes one type of labor and one aggregated household sector As a result, the income distribution aspects of endogenously determined resource allocation patterns are essentially neglected The MSG-model is an approximation of a largely unknown model and the exogenous wage and profitability structures are regarded as shorthand representations of phenomena that cannot be explained within the model

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present some reflections on the development and state of research in marketing in Europe and discuss the institutional setting in which research takes place, and the challenges for the future and how they could be turned into opportunities.

12 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hakanson and Danielsson as discussed by the authors analyzed the influence of four sets of forces: agglomeration diseconomies, labour market characteristics, large multi-plant firms, and regional policy.
Abstract: Hakanson L and Danielsson L (1985) Structural adjustment in a stagnating economy: regional manufacturing employment in Sweden, 1975–1980, Reg Studies 19, 329–342 Shift/share analysis of Swedish manufacturing employment reveals a continuing geographical decentralization away from the traditional industrial centres towards the periphery, and from the cores of the three metropolitan areas towards their fringes Regression analyses are used to analyse the influence of four sets of forces: (1) agglomeration diseconomies; (2) labour market characteristics; (3) large multi-plant firms; and (4) regional policy The results suggest the observed deconcentration to be primarily a response to agglomeration diseconomies, and that labour characteristics have been a primary attraction in the periphery but that these tendencies are modified in municipalities constituting the headquarter corporate core of a dominating employer Regional subsidies appear to have been an attraction particularly in the so called ‘Outer A

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, mood ratings were obtained from a group of students at the eve of a difficult and important exam, and they also rated their habitual mood, pessimism-optimism and a number of aspects of expectations regarding the exam.
Abstract: One determinant of mood may be expected outcome of action. This study investigated that hypothesis. Mood ratings were obtained from a group of students at the eve of a difficult and important exam. They also rated their habitual mood, pessimism-optimism and a number of aspects of expectations regarding the exam. Immediately following the exam, they again rated mood and perceived result as well as certain aspects of events during the exam. There were no significant correlations between mood and expected result at the exam but several other variables correlated with mood, in particular anticipated emotions, attribution of the expected result to chance and attribution of mood to the exam. Students were in general quite strongly affected by the upcoming exam; female students more so than male.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a model of control built as a result of a comparative study of management in Polish and American corporations is used to analyse the changes in control characterizing the Polish economy in the years 1946-81.
Abstract: A model of control built as a result of a comparative study of management in Polish and American corporations is used to analyse the changes in control characterizing the Polish economy in the years 1946-81. The enterprise was undertaken on the assumptions that (1) the developed model illustrates general issues concerning control in economic organizations, and not only corporate control, and (2) the socialist economy, with its central planning, can be treated as a large economic organization.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Work organized according to Tayloristic principles are fragmentary, monotonous and dull as mentioned in this paper, and this way of organizing work leads to worker dissatisfaction and alienation, and the remedy is to redesign work so that it becomes more intrinsically rewarding.
Abstract: of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden The Classical School of Redesign The human relations school originated with the Western Electric studies and includes Myers, McGregor, Maslow, Herzberg, Oldham, and Hackman among its proponents. According to this school, the problem of productivity is regarded as one of job motivation. Work organized according to Tayloristic principles are fragmentary, monotonous and dull. In terms of the approach which Kelly calls the ’classical theories of job redesign’, this way of organizing work leads to worker dissatisfaction and alienation. The remedy is to redesign work so that it becomes more intrinsically rewarding. Thus job enrichment not only improves worker satisfaction, but it also gives rise to an increase in productivity. According to classical theories of work design, numerous cases of work reorganization may be explained by the fact that the problems created by worker dissatisfaction and labour shortages forced management to take action