Stockholm School of Economics

About: Stockholm School of Economics is a education organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Entrepreneurship. The organization has 1186 authors who have published 4891 publications receiving 285543 citations. The organization is also known as: Stockholm Business School & Handelshögskolan i Stockholm.

At what hip fracture risk is it cost-effective to treat? International intervention thresholds for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Abstract: Intervention thresholds (ITs), the 10-year hip fracture risk at which treatment can be considered to be cost-effective, have previously been estimated for Sweden and the UK. The aim of this study was to provide a Markov cohort model platform for a multinational estimation of thresholds at which intervention becomes cost-effective and to investigate and determine the main factors behind differences in these thresholds between countries. Intervention thresholds were estimated for Australia, Germany, Japan, Sweden, Spain, the UK and USA using a societal perspective. The model was populated with as much relevant country-specific data as possible. Intervention was assumed to be given for 5 years and to decrease the risk of all osteoporotic fractures by 35%. The societal willingness to pay (WTP) for a quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained was set to the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita multiplied by two. In the base case analysis, the 10-year hip fracture probability at which intervention became cost-effective varied across ages and countries. For women starting therapy at an age of 70 years, the IT varied from a hip fracture probability of 5.6% in Japan to 14.7% in Spain. The main factors explaining differences in the IT between countries were the WTP for a QALY gained, fracture-related costs and intervention costs. The ITs presented in this paper are appropriate for use in treatment guidelines that consider health economic aspects, and they can be used in combination with fracture risk prediction algorithms to improve the selection of patients who are suitable for osteoporotic intervention.

The Economic Impact of Diabetes

Abstract: In assessing the economic impact of diabetes for a population, several factors should be considered, including the incidence and prevalence of the disease, the level of development of the health care system, and the population's overall level of economic development. Two different approaches have been used to address the economic impact of an increasing incidence of diabetes. The first approach uses disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) to measure intangible costs associated with diabetes. It combines the number of healthy life-years lost as a result of early mortality with those lost because of disability. The second approach, which has been used more frequently, is the cost-of-illness approach, which includes the concepts of direct, indirect, and intangible costs. A study conducted by the World Bank found that of the 1,362 million DALYs lost to all illnesses in 1990, 7.97 million DALYs were lost because of diabetes. In a 1992 study that assessed the direct costs of treating diabetes in the U.S., the American Diabetes Association used the cost-of-illness approach and found that the estimated total expenditure for 1 year was $45.2 billion. The 1994 epidemiological studies by Zimmet and the World Health Organization include estimates of increased prevalence of diabetes resulting from an increase in population. Estimates of the global cost of diabetes based on these studies reveal that diabetes accounts for 2-3% of the total health care budget in every country; therefore, an increase in diabetes incidence and prevalence translates into a significant economic impact.

Molecular genetics and economics

Abstract: The question of how traits and behaviors pass from one generation to the he question of how traits and behaviors pass from one generation to the next has been the subject of intense interest throughout the history of next has been the subject of intense interest throughout the history of science. Simple parent–child correlations are open to multiple interpretascience. Simple parent–child correlations are open to multiple interpretations, as parents transmit both environment and genome to their children. Until tions, as parents transmit both environment and genome to their children. Until recently, genotyping—or the direct measurement of variation in an individual’s DNA recently, genotyping—or the direct measurement of variation in an individual’s DNA sequence through biological assays—was exorbitantly expensive; distinguishing the sequence through biological assays—was exorbitantly expensive; distinguishing the roles of genetics and environment was the realm of behavioral genetics, in which roles of genetics and environment was the realm of behavioral genetics, in which

Wealth Concentration over the Path of Development: Sweden, 1873–2006*

Abstract: We study wealth concentration in Sweden over 130 years, from the beginning of industrialization until the present day. Our series are based on new evidence from estate and wealth tax data, foreign and domestic family firm-wealth, and pension wealth estimates. We find that Swedish wealth concentration was high in the agrarian state, and changed little during early industrialization. From World War I until about 1950, the richest percentile lost ground to high-income earners in the rest of the top-wealth decile. This equalization continued postwar; the entire top decile lost-out relative to the rest of the population. Around 1980, wealth compression stopped and inequality increased. We approximate the effects of international flows and find that the recent increase in wealth inequality is probably larger than what official estimates suggest.