Stockholm School of Economics

About: Stockholm School of Economics is a education organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Entrepreneurship. The organization has 1186 authors who have published 4891 publications receiving 285543 citations. The organization is also known as: Stockholm Business School & Handelshögskolan i Stockholm.

In-Kind Finance: A Theory of Trade Credit

Abstract: It is typically less profitable for an opportunistic borrower to divert inputs than to divert cash. Therefore, suppliers may lend more liberally than banks. This simple argument is at the core of our contract theoretic model of trade credit in competitive markets. The model implies that trade credit and bank credit can be either complements or substitutes. Among other things, the model explains why trade credit has short maturity, why trade credit is more prevalent in less developed credit markets, and why accounts payable of large unrated firms are more countercyclical than those of small firms.

Swedish population health-related quality of life results using the EQ-5D.

Abstract: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured on population level may be useful to guide policies for health. This study aims to describe the HRQoL; in EQ-5D dimensions, mean rating scale (RS) scores and mean EQ-5D index values, in the general population, by certain disease and socio-economic groups, in Stockholm County 1998. The EQ-5D self-classifier and a RS were included in the 1998 cross-sectional postal Stockholm County public health survey to a representative sample (n = 4950, 20-88 years), 63% response rate. Mean RS score ranged from 0.90 (20-29 years) to 0.69 (80-88 years), mean EQ-5D index value ranged from 0.89 (20-29 years) to 0.74 (80-88 years). For different diseases mean RS scores ranged from 0.80 (asthma) to 0.69 (angina pectoris), mean EQ-5D index values ranged from 0.79 (asthma) to 0.66 (low back pain). The mean health state scores (RS and EQ-5D index) were 0.06 lower in the unskilled manual group than in the higher non-manual group after controlling for age and sex (p < 0.0001). This difference was 0.03 after controlling also for different diseases (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, our results show that the HRQoL varies greatly between socio-economic and disease groups. Furthermore, after controlling for age, sex and disease, HRQoL is lower in manual than in non-manual groups.

Positive Interactions Promote Public Cooperation

Abstract: The public goods game is the classic laboratory paradigm for studying collective action problems. Each participant chooses how much to contribute to a common pool that returns benefits to all participants equally. The ideal outcome occurs if everybody contributes the maximum amount, but the self-interested strategy is not to contribute anything. Most previous studies have found punishment to be more effective than reward for maintaining cooperation in public goods games. The typical design of these studies, however, represses future consequences for today’s actions. In an experimental setting, we compare public goods games followed by punishment, reward, or both in the setting of truly repeated games, in which player identities persist from round to round. We show that reward is as effective as punishment for maintaining public cooperation and leads to higher total earnings. Moreover, when both options are available, reward leads to increased contributions and payoff, whereas punishment has no effect on contributions and leads to lower payoff. We conclude that reward outperforms punishment in repeated public goods games and that human cooperation in such repeated settings is best supported by positive interactions with others.

A customer‐dominant logic of service

Abstract: Purpose – The paper seeks to introduce to a new perspective on the roles of customers and companies in creating value by outlining a customer‐based approach to service. The customer's logic is examined in‐depth as being the foundation of a customer‐dominant (CD) marketing and business logic.Design/methodology/approach – The authors argue that both the goods‐ and service‐dominant logic are provider‐dominant. Contrasting the provider‐dominant logic with CD logic, the paper examines the creation of service value from the perspectives of value‐in‐use, the customer's own context, and the customer's experience of service.Findings – Moving from a provider‐dominant logic to a CD logic uncovered five major challenges to service marketers: company involvement, company control in co‐creation, visibility of value creation, scope of customer experience, and character of customer experience.Research limitations/implications – The paper is exploratory. It presents and discusses a new perspective and suggests implication...

The Burden of Osteoporotic Fractures: A Method for Setting Intervention Thresholds

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between morbidity from hip fracture and that from other osteoporotic fractures by age and sex based on the population of Sweden. Osteoporotic fractures were designated as those associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and those that increased in incidence with age after the age of 50 years. Severity of fractures was weighted according to their morbidity using utility values based on those derived by the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Morbidity from fractures other than hip fracture was converted to hip fracture equivalents according to their disutility weights. Excess morbidity was 3.34 and 4.75 in men and women at the age of 50 years, i.e. the morbidity associated with osteoporotic fractures was 3–5 times that accounted for by hip fracture. Excess moribidity decreased with age to approximately 1.25 between the ages of 85 and 89 years. On the assumption that the age- and sex-specific pattern of fractures due to osteoporosis is similar in different communities, the computation of excess morbidity can be utilized to determine the total morbidity from osteoporotic fractures from knowledge of hip fracture rates alone. Such data can be used to weight probabilities of hip fracture in different countries in order to take into account the morbidity from fractures other than hip fracture, and to modify intervention thresholds based on hip fracture risk alone. If, for example, a 10-year probability of hip fracture of 10% was considered an intervention threshold, this would be exceeded in women with osteoporosis aged 65 years and more, but when weighted for other osteoporotic fractures would be exceeded in all women (and men) with osteoporosis.