Stockholm School of Economics

About: Stockholm School of Economics is a education organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cost effectiveness. The organization has 1186 authors who have published 4891 publications receiving 285543 citations. The organization is also known as: Stockholm Business School & Handelshögskolan i Stockholm.

Budget in a cold climate.

Abstract: This paper attempts to trace connections between budget processes taking place in concrete organizations and the cultural context in which the organizations are located. The examples are taken mainly from studies of the Swedish public sector. The research perspective adopted depicts budgeting as a symbolic performance rather than a decision-making process; a means of conversion rather than a means of control; and an expression of values rather than an instrument for action. From this point of view, linking budgeting to a cultural context means looking at which symbols, what language and which values are represented in particular budget processes. Budget processes are seen as a ritual of reason, reflecting the high value which is attached to rationality in Sweden in general and in the public sector in particular. We also claim that budgeting — a language of numbers — is also a language of consensus, which permits the handling of potential conflicts without confrontation. Finally, we analyze the recurrent changes of dominant budget forms as being congruent with the culture of “reformism” which seems to typify the area in which we are interested.

Pharmacoeconomics of adverse drug reactions

Abstract: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common causes of hospitalization and lead to large costs to society. The cost of hospitalization is, however, only a part of the total costs as most adverse reactions never come to clinical attention. There are two main costs associated with ADRs, cost of treating illnesses due to ADRs and cost of avoiding them. The main objective of this study was to discuss the social costs of ADRs from an economic point of view. We also reviewed the literature and summarized studies investigating cost and occurrence of adverse reactions. Three different approaches to assess the costs of ADR are distinguished. The first is cost studies, where the following three steps must be done to estimate the costs: define ADR, estimated the incidence of ADRs and measure the costs of ADRs. Most cost studies have focused on hospitalizations due to ADRs and the literature shows that about 3-7% of all hospitalizations are caused by ADRs. The second approach concerns costs and benefits of safety: the decision to prescribe, use, distribute or produce a drug involves both costs and benefits, and decisions makers must weigh costs of ADRs against costs of avoiding them. The third approach discusses regulations and mechanisms for achieving an optimal balance between costs and benefits of drug therapies. The problem with ADRs is, from an economic point of view, not a problem of minimization but of optimization, to find the right balance between costs and benefits.

Cost-effectiveness of Fracture Prevention in Established Osteoporosis

Abstract: This study presents the results of a computer simulation model for calculating the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of treating patients with established osteoporosis in order to reduce the risk of fractures. The results are based on Swedish data for risk of fracture and costs. The treatment intervention modelled is based on treatment of a 62-year-old woman with established osteoporosis. The cost per hip fracture avoided is 350000 SEK, assuming a 50% reduction in the risk of fracture due to 5 years of treatment. A sensitivity analysis for changes in the cost and effectiveness of treatment, the risk of fracture and the discount rate is performed. The cost per life-year gained and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained is presented to enable comparison of the cost-effectiveness of treating osteoporosis with that of other health care interventions. A comparison between treating the same woman for osteoporosis and mild hypertension shows a cost per life-year gained of 220000 SEK and 128000 SEK respectively. Cost per QALY gained is very similar for the two interventions: 105 000 SEK and 103 000 SEK respectively. This model provides a tool to enable clinicians, administrators and health policy makers to analyze and understand the economic aspects of a major health policy issue.

Towards a General Theory of Good Deal Bounds.

Abstract: We consider an incomplete market in the form of a multidimensional Markovian factor model, driven by a general marked point process (representing discrete jump events), as well as by a standard mul ...