Showing papers by "Stockholm University published in 1970"
Journal Article•
4,336 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Gaussian basis sets for first row atoms of 7 s-type and 3 p-type functions with optimized exponents are reported for second row atoms with 10 s -type and 6 p -type functions.
Abstract: Gaussian basis sets consisting for first row atoms of 7 s-type and 3 p-type and for second row atoms of 10 s-type and 6 p-type functions with optimized exponents are reported. These basis sets consists of at least two functions per atomic orbital.
377 citations
[...]
TL;DR: An overview of the processes that determine the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be found in this article, where the authors consider the transfer of CO2 between the major reservoirs of carbon, i.e. the atmosphere, the soil, terrestrial plants, the oceans and its marine life and the ocean sediments.
Abstract: The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of fundamental importance for the radiative balance of the Earth relative to space. Changes of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, as now caused by the rapidly increasing use of fossil fuels, need therefore be considered carefully when concerned with possible future changes of the climate of the Earth (15). The present chapter will give an overview of the processes that determine the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In doing so we need to consider the transfer of CO2 between the major reservoirs of carbon, i.e. the atmosphere, the soil, terrestrial plants, the oceans and its marine life and the ocean sediments. We need to study the global carbon cycle, but will limit ourselves to those aspects which are of particular interest in determining the likely future atmosphere CO2 concentration ? A more complete account has recently been given by Bolin et al. (4), to which reference is made for further details.
348 citations
TL;DR: A series of MO-SCF calculations, using a basis of Gaussian type functions, has been made in order to study the importance and size of polarization functions for first and second row atoms as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A series of MO-SCF calculations, using a basis of Gaussian type functions, has been made in order to study the importance and size of polarization functions for first and second row atoms. Optimizations of polarization exponents have been performed for the molecules H2O and H2S. Conclusions from these results lead to a suggestion for the choice of 3d-orbital exponents also for other atoms of the first and second row. Test calculations have been made for carbon and nitrogen in CH4 and NH3.
319 citations
TL;DR: Final lysis produced by highly purified lymphocytes in the presence of antibody was usually more complete than that produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, which provided strong evidence that the lytic steps of the reaction also required close contact between effector cells and target cells.
318 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the internal structure of the framboids is explained entirely as a function of the formation processes of pyrite, and the surface and crystal chemistry of the microcrysts.
165 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that serotonin and acetylcholine play a role as initiators for different types of morphogenetic cell movements in the sea urchin embryo.
159 citations
TL;DR: Human fetal liver microsomes were shown to contain the components of the NADPH- and NADH-linked electron transport systems, but the system was capable of hydroxylating testosterone and laurate, but unable to oxidize exogenous substrates such as 3, 4-benzpyrene and aminopyrine.
152 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented six years of measurements (1963-1968) of carbon dioxide in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, revealing an average annual increase of the CO 2 -content of 0.7 ± 0.1 ppm, while during this time the annual industrial output has increased from about 1.9 ppm to 2.3 ppm/year.
Abstract: Six years of measurements (1963–1968) of carbon dioxide in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere are presented. The data reveal an average annual increase of the CO 2 -content of 0.7 ± 0.1 ppm/year, while during this time the annual industrial output has increased from about 1.9 ppm to 2.3 ppm/year. Thus the increase in the atmosphere is about 1/3 of the total output. Considerations of the possible increase of vegetative assimilation due to the higher CO 2 -content of the atmosphere reveals that this is at most 1/4 of the output, probably considerably less. The net transfer to the oceans thus is at least equal to 1/2 of the industrial output. The transfer rate across the sea surface seems effective enough not to represent an appreciable resistance and the decisive factor for determining this transfer therefore is the ocean circulation or turn over rate. The figures quoted indicate that 20–25% of the world oceans must have been available during the time of rapid increase of the industrial output of CO 2 (the last 30–50 years) to explain the rather large amount that has been withdrawn from the atmosphere. Still a continued increase of the fossil fuel combustion as forecast by OECD implies that the CO 2 -content of the atmosphere at the end of the century will be between 370 ppm and 395 ppm as compared with 320 ppm, the average value for 1968. The amplitude of the seasonal variation is found to be about 6.5 ppm at 2 km and 3.5 ppm in the uppermost part of the troposphere. The phase shift of the seasonal variation between these two levels is 25–30 days. On the basis of these data a vertical eddy diffusivity K = 2·10 5 cm 2 sec ?1 is derived. The amplitude of the seasonal variation in the lower stratosphere, 11–12 km, is less than 1 ppm and the phase is delayed at least 1 1/2 month as compared with the upper troposphere. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1970.tb00508.x
137 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used alpha-particle irradiation of enriched dysprosium targets to populate states in 161 Er, 163 Er and 165 Er Cascade and crossover transitions are observed within a strongly perturbed rotational band which is populated up to spin 25 2.
128 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical shift of sulphur 2p-electrons has been studied in a Gaussian basis and the 3d-orbitals of the atoms were found to be important for the magnitude of the shifts.
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of different physical processes and parameters pertinent to the development of tropical storms is studied with the aid of the numerical model presented in an earlier paper (Sundqvist, 1970) The developing tropical cyclone exhibited and discussed in detail in the previous paper is used as a reference case for the present experiments.
Abstract: The importance of some different physical processes and parameters, pertinent to the development of tropical storms, is studied with the aid of the numerical model presented in an earlier paper (Sundqvist, 1970) The developing tropical cyclone exhibited and discussed in detail in the previous paper is used as a reference case for the present experiments The results show that the rate of intensification becomes significantly higher when radiational cooling is taken into account On the other hand, the peak intensity appears to be unaffected In another experiment, where a hypothetical poleward movement of the vortex is introduced, it is demonstrated that a mature hurricane may remain quite intense to rather high latitudes, provided other conditions are unchanged The decisive role of the sea surface temperature is clearly exhibited in three other applications For one and the same vertical stratification of the tropical atmosphere the maximum swirling velocity never exceeds 25 m/s when the water temperature is 26°C, while a full-fledged hurricane develops at 275°C In an attempt to reduce the highest wind speeds of a mature storm by enhancing the heating artificially (cloud seeding), the results indicate that the approach yields the desired tendency in the evolution However, no changes of significance are observed in the maximum wind during the hypothetical operation that was assumed to last for 40 hours DOI: 101111/j2153-34901970tb00516x
TL;DR: In this article, the fragmentation pattern of partially methylated alditol acetates on electron impact has been studied by using the technique of deuterium labeling, and detailed fragmentation mechanisms are postulated.
TL;DR: The studied nitrosoureas do not seem to exert their toxic action by alkylation of proteins but more probably either by a genetical mechanism or by other effects operating at a low nucleophilicity, n, as in the group of methanesulphonates.
Abstract: The rates of reaction ofN-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) with various nucleophiles at pH 8 and 25° were measured and the substrate constants s were estimated to be 0.42 for MNU and 0.26 for ENU. The toxic and mutagenic action of the two nitrosoureas in Arabidopsis thaliana were compared with these s-values. The high mutagenic efficiency is connected with low s-values, as in the group of methanesulphonates. In contrast to a great number of methanesulphonates, 1,2-epoxides, etc., with s higher than 0.5, the studied nitrosoureas do not seem to exert their toxic action by alkylation of proteins but more probably either by a genetical mechanism or by other effects operating at a low nucleophilicity, n. The relative mutagenic effectiveness agrees with alkylation rates at n ≈ 3.
TL;DR: Adaptation and recovery were studied under conditions of constant stimulation of sinusoidal vibration at three different intensity levels: 40, 47, and 54 db above threshold and it was found that the perceived intensity decreases exponentially with increased time of stimulation.
Abstract: Adaptation and recovery were studied under conditions of constant stimulation of sinusoidal vibration (250 c/s) at three different intensity levels: 40, 47, and 54 db above threshold. A two-step scaling method involving cross-modality matching and numerical scaling of the matching continuum was used. It was found that (1) the perceived intensity decreases exponentially with increased time of stimulation, (2) the decrease in perceived intensity is greater at higher intensity levels, (3) longer time was required for complete adaptation at higher intensities, and (4) the process of recovery is fast, requiring only 2 or 3 minutes.
TL;DR: Subjects with high as compared with low rates of adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion were more efficient in terms of both speed and accuracy of performance.
Abstract: Physiological and psychological reactions were studied in 40 subjects under four different conditions. In Session I the subjects received electric shocks according to a random schedule which they could not influence. In Sessions II and III a choice-reaction task was performed, and half of the subjects were punished for slow performance, the degree of situational control exerted by the subjects being greater in Session III. Session IV was spent by all subjects in passive relaxation. Punishment produced a rise in both adrenaline and noradrenaline release. By increasing the subject's control over the situation it was possible to counteract the adrenaline increase, while noradrenaline release appeared unaffected. On the whole, subjects with high as compared with low rates of adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion were more efficient in terms of both speed and accuracy of performance.
TL;DR: An experiment was conducted to test the general hypothesis, derived from the incongruity theory of humor, that the experience of humor or of the inclination to laugh is a function of the divergence of a perceived state of affairs from the expected state.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to test the general hypothesis, derived from the incongruity theory of humor, that the experience of humor or of the inclination to laugh is a function of the divergence of a perceived state of affairs from the expected state. The hypothesis was tested with weights as stimuli in two designs. In the first the range of expectancy was defined in terms of the proportion of “heavy” ratings in the subject group at various initial weights. In the second the range of expectancy among subjects was assumed to move with experience with various ranges of weights. The results of both designs supported the hypothesis.
TL;DR: In this article, the relation between the structure of the topological group and the Banach space was investigated and the results on the relationship between topological groups and Banach spaces were obtained.
Abstract: Commutative groups uniformly homeomorphic to certain Banach spaces are considered. Results on the relation between the structure of the topological group and the Banach space are obtained.
TL;DR: Changes in some biochemical parameters of mitochondria isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue in different development stages and after cold acclimation of rats have been studied and the significance of these changes with respect to the amount of inner membrane in mitochondria is discussed.
TL;DR: Apical sections of resting potato tubers of the variety Majestic, which is known for a long rest-period, were treated for 6 and 24 hours with water or with the cytokinins kinetin or zeatin, and the content of acid inhibitors in extracts of the peelings from cytokinin-treated sections in much lower than in similar extracts from water-treated, resting sections.
Abstract: Apical sections of resting potato tubers of the variety Majestic, which is known for a long rest-period, were treated for 6 and 24 hours with water or with the cytokinins kinetin or zeatin. The cytokinin-treatment breaks the rest-period very rapidly. The buds begin to sprout already after 2–3 days. The content of acid inhibitors (the β inhibitor) in extracts of the peelings from cytokinin-treated sections in much lower than in similar extracts from water-treated, resting sections. Already 6 hours after the beginning of the treatment, differences in inhibitor content can be demonstrated.
TL;DR: There exist differences in substrate specificity as well as in response to various inducing agents between the CO-binding hemoproteins of rat kidney cortex and liver microsomes, according to which laurate gives rise to a type I spectral change and testosterone produces a type II spectral change.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the reaction 154 Sm(α, 3n) 155 Gd to populate states in the positive-parity band and observed Cascade and crossover transitions within a strongly perturbed rotational band.
TL;DR: In this paper, the photoelectron spectrum of NO2 has been measured with high resolution up to 27.5 eV and interpreted by use of molecular orbital theory, taking especially the vibrational structure into account.
Abstract: The photoelectron spectrum of NO2 has been measured with high resolution up to 27.5 eV and interpreted by use of molecular orbital theory, taking especially the vibrational structure into account. The electron impact energy loss spectrum has been measured with electron energy 100 eV. The spectrum above 6.5 eV has been interpreted as due to Rydberg transitions and comparison with spectroscopic measurements have been made.
TL;DR: After reports that chloroplasts reproduce themselves by dividing in developing green plants, division has been observed in vitro in vitro.
Abstract: After reports that chloroplasts reproduce themselves by dividing in developing green plants, division has been observed in vitro.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed an ab initio MO SCF calculation using gaussian basis functions to study the protonation of carbon monoxide and the nitrogen molecule, and calculated affinities are 118 kcal/mole for N 2 and 137 kcal/ mole for CO, for the most stable ion HCO +.