Showing papers by "Stockholm University published in 1971"
3,724 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the specificity of the DNP system was assessed by inhibition with hapten, and the reaction of immune serum against DNP with DNP-protein, adsorbed to the tubes, was completely inhibited by haptens in solution.
3,349 citations
TL;DR: Gentzen-type analysis in proof theory is discussed in this paper, where a notion of validity of derivations is presented that may be considered as a possible explication of Gentzen's ideas about an operational interpretation of the logical constants.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents an exposition of certain themes in proof theory. The chapter discusses ideas behind what may be called Gentzen-type analysis in proof theory, where in particular, one wants to draw attention to the fact that they constitute the embryo to a general proof theory; extensions of the results obtained by Gentzen to more powerful theories; and the connection between proofs and the terms used in functional interpretations of intuitionistic logic, in particular, the connection between Gentzen-type analysis and the Godel-type analysis that originated with Godel's socalled Dialectica interpretation. A notion of validity of derivations is presented that may be contemplated as a possible explication of Gentzen's ideas about an operational interpretation of the logical constants. Proofs of the results have shown how this notion of validity may be used as a convenient tool to establish the main result about strong normalization in first order logic.
574 citations
TL;DR: Alkaline phosphatase from calf intestinal mucosa has been conjugated to a protein antigen, rabbit IgG, and using this assay 1-100 ng/ml of the antigen could be determined.
435 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1971TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the maximal ring of quotients Qmax of a non-singular ring A can be interpreted as the bicommutator of the injective envelope of A.
Abstract: The development of a general theory of rings of quotients may be said to have started with the construction by Johnson [1] of the maximal ring of quotients Qmax of a non-singular ring A. This was done before the theory of injective envelopes had become available, but it was later proved that Qmax could be used as an injective envelope of the ring A. The maximal ring of quotients of an arbitrary ring A was defined by Utumi [1] and studied by Findlay and Lambek [1]. In particular, Lambek [2] proved that it could be interpreted as the bicommutator of the injective envelope of A.
225 citations
211 citations
TL;DR: A Gaussian basis set consisting of 12s-type, 6p-type and 4d-type functions has been optimized for the third row atoms, together with a 9s, 5p, 3d set for the corresponding dipositive ion as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A Gaussian basis set consisting of 12s-type, 6p-type and 4d-type functions has been optimized for the third row atoms, together with a 9s, 5p, 3d set for the corresponding dipositive ion. The applicability of these atomic sets for molecular calculation is discussed.
210 citations
TL;DR: With the sequential application of glycosidases, the carbohydrate sequence and anomeric linkages of glycosphingolipids have been simultaneously determined and the structures of ceramide trihexoside and of globoside were determined.
209 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a proof theoretical analysis of the intuitionistic theory of generalized inductive definitions iterated an arbitrary finite number of times is presented, where the axioms expressing the principles of definition and proof by generalized induction are reformulated as rules of inference similar to those introduced by Gentzen in his system of natural deduction for first order predicate logic.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents a proof theoretical analysis of the intuitionistic theory of generalized inductive definitions iterated an arbitrary finite number of times. Like the Hilbert type systems of first order predicate logic that are used, the theories of single and iterated generalized inductive definitions formulated do not lend themselves immediately to a proof theoretical analysis. Therefore, the chapter reformulates the axioms expressing the principles of definition and proof by generalized induction as rules of inference similar to those introduced by Gentzen in his system of natural deduction for first order predicate logic. As in Gentzen's case, this reformulation leads to a notable systematization that is already in the case of ordinary inductive definitions, the rules corresponding to the axioms that express the principle of definition by induction appearing as introduction rules for the inductively defined predicates, whereas the axioms that express the principle of proof by induction give rise to the corresponding elimination rules. Moreover, the generalized inductive definitions appear as inductive definitions iterated once and the iterated generalized inductive definitions as inductive definitions iterated twice or more.
183 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dimensionality of 3 individuals' judgments of situations matrices for individual and group data consisting of similarity judgments of situation from a certain domain were studied, in order to study the dimensions of the judgments.
Abstract: In order to study the dimensionality of 3 individuals' judgments of situations matrices for individual and group data consisting of similarity judgments of situations from a certain domain were fac...
132 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that about 40% of the side chains in dextran NRRL B-512 contain only one d -glucose residue, at least 45% are two d - glucose units long, and the rest (max. 15%) are longer than two such units.
TL;DR: In this article, the eustatic changes since the maximum lowering of the ocean level during the glaciation maximum about 18,000 B.C. (20,000B.P.).
TL;DR: A significant difference between the two groups was found in the personality dimension of extraversion-introversion, showing that evening workers were more extravert and morning workers more introvert.
Abstract: Patkai, P. Interindividual differences in diurnal variations in alertness, performance, and adrenaline excretion. Acta physiol. scand. 1971. 81. 35–46.
Subjects classified as habitual morning vs. evening workers on the basis of their answers to a questionnaire, were compared with regard to day-time variations in catecholamine excretion and performance. Adrenaline excretion in morning workers was highest in the morning and decreased gradually during the day, while evening workers showed nearly constant excretion values. The performance of morning workers did not vary during the day, while evening workers showed a steady improvement, performing best in the evening. In addition, a significant difference between the two groups was found in the personality dimension of extraversion-introversion, showing that evening workers were more extravert and morning workers more introvert. The constancy of individual diurnal rhythms and their relations to personality traits, are discussed.
TL;DR: Catecholamine output, heart rate, and performance efficiency were examined during two contrasting stimulus conditions, one of understimulation, and one of overstimulation to find subjects who excreted relatively more adrenaline performed significantly better during under Stimulation, whereas subjects with relatively lower excretion rates of adrenaline tended to perform better under over Stimulation.
TL;DR: In this article, individual scales of odor intensity were obtained for 28 different chemical compounds by the method of magnitude estimation, and it was found that power functions described the relationship between partial vapor pressure of the odorants and their subjective odor intensity for all Ss, all exponents were less than one but varied greatly between Ss.
Abstract: Individual scales of odor intensity were obtained for 28 different chemical compounds by the method of magnitude estimation. Eleven Ss participated in an experiment with 196 olfactory stimuli which differed in both quality and intensity. It was found (1) that power functions described the relationship between partial vapor pressure of the odorants and their subjective odor intensity for all Ss, (2) that all exponents were less than one but varied greatly between Ss, (3) that consistent intraindividual differences in the exponents of different odorants exist, and (4) that these are attributable to perceptual differences rather than to response bias.
TL;DR: Observations and experiments were made on the ability of reindeer mothers and calves to identify each other by voice and showed that this ability is very well-developed and that discrimination is very good due to high individuality of the voices.
Abstract: Observations and experiments were made on the ability of reindeer mothers and calves to identify each other by voice. Field observations showed that this ability is very well-developed and that discrimination is very good due to high individuality of the voices. Playback experiments with recorded sounds confirmed the field observations.
TL;DR: The hyperfine structure of the ESR spectra with the magnetic field of the spectrometer parallel and perpendicular to the DNA helix axis has been analyzed and two radical components produced in comparable amounts with different line-widths and hyperfine coupling schemes have been observed.
TL;DR: The very rapid development, parthenogenetic reproduction and short life span of these species must be considered as favourable adaptations to the variable and unstable environment of the rockpool ecosystems.
Abstract: The ostracod fauna of Baltic brackish-water rockpools is made up of two groups: permanent members of the pools, and occasional guests from the littoral zone. The former group consists of Heterocypris salinus, H. incongruens and Cypridopsis aculeata. These species are characterized by rapid development (which starts when the water temperature approaches 15°C), a short life span, and 2 or 3 separate generations during the summer and autumn. The number of generations is determined by water temperature. Hibernation always takes place as eggs. Hatching and development during the late spring or early summer has been found to be mostly simultaneous. The spawning of the 3 species always starts epidemically. Reproduction is entirely parthenogenetic in the investigated area. Under natural conditions, C. aculeata may be found with either H. salinus or H. incongruens, but these two latter species have never been recorded together. H. incongruens is less tolerant to high salinities than the other 2 species and, even after successive adaptation, it does not resist salinities higher than 16‰. H. salinus has been found in 35.2‰ S in the field, and has been kept in 30‰ S in the laboratory after successive adaptation. The optimum salinity-temperature range for this species is 5 to 10‰ S and 15°C, when both survival and development are considered. Corresponding figures for C. aculeata are 0.5 to 20‰ S and 15°C, although this species, like H. salinus, survives longest at 5°C. The very rapid development, parthenogenetic reproduction and short life span of these species must be considered as favourable adaptations to the variable and unstable environment of the rockpool ecosystems.
TL;DR: In this article, the average number of produced pions in a 2 m hydrogen bubble chamber was investigated and the particle multiplicities in the final states and single-particle momentum spectra were presented.
TL;DR: It is suggested that uropod formation may have important functional implications in inductive and cytotoxic cellular interrelations of lymphocytes in vitro.
TL;DR: Sustained performance in a visual reaction time test was examined in 12 moderate smokers, with mean reaction times being significantly shorter in the smoking than in the control condition.
Abstract: Sustained performance in a visual reaction time test was examined in 12 moderate smokers. In a control condition without smoking, efficiency decreased over time. In a, condition, where 3 cigarettes were smoked at 20-min intervals, the subjects were able to maintain their initial level of performance throughout the session, mean reaction times being significantly shorter in the smoking than in the control condition. Smoking produced a significant increase in adrenaline excretion and heart rate.
TL;DR: In this paper, anab initio MO-SCF-LCAO study of the thiophene molecule using an extended set of contracted Gaussian basis functions is presented.
Abstract: Results from anab initio MO-SCF-LCAO study of the thiophene molecule, using an extended set of contracted Gaussian basis functions, are presented. The ordering of the molecular orbitals and the ionization energies are discussed in relation to experimental data from electron spectroscopy. A number of molecular properties have been computed in good agreement with available experimental information. The effect of 3d functions on sulphur for the description of the chemical bond and for the physical and chemical properties of thiophene is elucidated. Molecular potential energy maps are used in a discussion of the mechanism for electrophilic substitution reactions.
TL;DR: Sera from patients with ulcerative colitis contain antibodies which hemagglutinate sheep red cells, sensitized with phenol-water extracts from germfree rats, and the colon antigen was found to be enriched in the extracts from colon, cecum, and feces.
TL;DR: The spermatozoon of the primitive scyphomedusa Nausithoe has a short conical head, a midpiece containing four large mitochondria, and a long tail consisting of a flagellum, and is therefore a “primitive spermatoZoon” as earlier defined.
TL;DR: In this article, an oriented core 14.5 m long was taken with the Swedish foil piston corer in the Botanical Garden of Gothenburg (south-west Sweden), which extends in time from about 12,600 to 8,600 BP, that is, from the early part of the Agard Interstadial to the middle of the Boreal (Fig. 1).
Abstract: AS part of the joint European work on the establishment of a world standard section for the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, an oriented core 14.5 m long was taken with the Swedish foil piston corer in the Botanical Garden of Gothenburg (south-west Sweden). The core, B 873, extends in time from about 12,600 to 8,600 BP, that is, from the early part of the Agard Interstadial to the middle of the Boreal (Fig. 1). Core B 873 was analysed for stratigraphy, water content, grain size distribution, organic matter, carbonate, clay minerals, molluscs (Morner), pollen (Berglund), diatoms (Bjorn-Rasmussen and Du Saar), ostracods (Du Saar), forams (Feyling-Hansen), radiocarbon (Hakansson) and palaeomagnetism (Lanser and Hospers).
TL;DR: In order to study P2 DNA synthesis by incorporation of tritium-labeled thymine, mitomycin C has been used to selectively suppress host DNA synthesis.
Abstract: In order to study P2 DNA synthesis by incorporation of tritium-labeled thymine, mitomycin C has been used to selectively suppress host DNA synthesis. Several conditional lethal mutants of P2 (temperature-sensitive as well as amber) have been tested for their ability to synthesize DNA under non-permissive conditions. Mutants representing the two “early” genes were found unable to synthesize DNA normally.
TL;DR: The distribution of chromatid aberrations induced by mitomycin C among the individual chromosomes of female and male Chinese hamster cells in vitro was studied and it was found to be non-randomly distributed.
Abstract: The distribution of chromatid aberrations induced by mitomycin C among the individual chromosomes of female and male Chinese hamster cells in vitro was studied. The aberrations were found to be non-randomly distributed. Among the autosomes, the chromosomes possessing constitutive heterochromatin were more often involved in aberrations as well as in homologous exchanges. The inactivated X chromosomes in the female cells offer a situation where the short arm is facultatively heterochromatic and the long arm constitutively heterochromatic, thus enabling an analysis of their response for aberration formation. The short arm was seldom found to be involved in the aberration. The long arm of the inactivated X was more often affected (5 to 10 times) than the long arm of the functional X though both are constitutively heterochromatic. The possible role of (a) structure of heterochromatin, (b) the chromocenter formation and their association, (c) allocycly, and (d) the qualitative differences in the DNA of different types of heterochromatin are discussed in relation to the formation of chromatid aberrations.
01 Mar 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a procedure for estimating the demand for public goods (such as environmental quality) in the probably normal case where the authorities have no idea about the aggregate maximum willingness to pay in relation to costs nor about the willingness to PAY in different consumer groups which are possible to distinguish from the taxation point of view.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to advance a procedure for estimating the demand for public goods (such as environmental quality) in the probably normal case where the authorities have no idea about the aggregate maximum willingness to pay in relation to costs nor about the willingness to pay in different consumer groups which are possible to distinguish from the taxation point of view. It is argued that the procedure advanced here will avoid creating incentives to misrepresent individual preferences. Moreover, it conforms to the real-world situation where an optimal payment or taxation distribution cannot be decided upon prior to estimation of demand.
TL;DR: It was shown that individuals who preferred to work in the evening, excreted more adrenaline in the Evening than in the morning, while individuals characterized by morning alertness excreting more adrenaline on the other hand, also when relaxing.
Abstract: Patkai, P. The diurnal rhythm of adrenaline secretion in subjects with different working habits. Acta physiol. scand. 1971. 81. 30–34.
Subjects classified as habitual morning vs. evening workers on the basis of their answers to a questionnaire, were compared with regard to catecholamine excretion under conditions of relaxation in the morning and in the evening. It was shown that individuals who preferred to work in the evening, excreted more adrenaline in the evening than in the morning, while individuals characterized by morning alertness excreted more adrenaline in the morning than in the evening, also when relaxing. With regard to noradrenaline excretion there was no marked difference between the groups.