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Showing papers by "Stockholm University published in 1980"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A set of 17 voices representing various voice disorders were presented to a jury of voice experts who rated them on a 5-point scale for each of 28 terms frequently used for describing voices, yielding 5 bipolar factors accounting for 85% of the total variance.
Abstract: A set of 17 voices representing various voice disorders were presented to a jury of voice experts who rated them on a 5-point scale for each of 28 terms frequently used for describing voices. A statistical treatment of these ratings yielded 5 bipolar factors accounting for 85% of the total variance. Significant correlations were found between four of these factors and certain acoustic data extracted fron long-time-average spectra and fundamental frequency distribution analysis of the same voice sample.

305 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take preliminary steps towards the development of a theoretical framework for the comparison of social policies in the industrialized nations, which combine a capitalistic economic system with political democracy.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to take preliminary steps towards the development of a theoretical framework for the comparison of social policies in the industrialized nations, which combine a capitalistic economic system with political democracy. It is a part of a larger research project attempting to compare social policies in these countries against the background of the structure, organisation and relative power of their main classes and the role of shifting distributions of power between classes for the patterns and forms of class conflict in these societies.

294 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding that the combination of Ames's test and the micronucleus test did increase the screening procedure for the prediction of carcinogenic effects is emphasized by the finding that it is an in vivo method, which may pick up effects at the chromosomal level not covered by bacterial assays.
Abstract: To evaluate the usefulness of the micronucleus test as a short-term assay for the detection of carcinogens, the correlation between micronucleus test data for 143 chemicals and corresponding cancer data, has been analyzed. For comparison, analogous data from Ames's test have also been collected for the same chemicals. In a comparison of the micronucleus test and Ames's test it was found that they had about the same specificity (around 80%) and predictive value (around 90%), while there was a significant difference in sensitivity in favor of Ames's test. The difference in sensitivity could be partly explained by differences in metabolizing capacities of these two test systems. It is concluded that a more elaborate test procedure for the micronucleus test would increase the sensitivity of this test. The principal value of the micronucleus test lies in the fact that it is an in vivo method, which may pick up effects at the chromosomal level not covered by bacterial assays. This is emphasized by the finding that the combination of Ames's test and the micronucleus test did increase the sensitivity of the screening procedure for the prediction of carcinogenic effects.

214 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized Petrov classification is proposed to automatically give the dimensions of the isometry group and its isotropy subgroup, which can be used to obtain a coordinate-invariant description of a geometry.
Abstract: We review the solution to the equivalence problem in general relativity given by Cartan and Brans and present a practically useful method to obtain a coordinate-invariant description of a geometry. The method, which can be seen as a generalized Petrov classification, automatically gives the dimensions of the isometry group and its isotropy subgroup. Finally, we illustrate the method using the Schwarzschild solution as a very simple example.

207 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison between sexes showed that males reported exerting significantly more effort than females and, accordingly, secreted significantly more adrenaline, and catecholamine output increasing and cortisol output decreasing in response to the achievement demands.

179 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Considerations indicate that the microsomal glutathione S-transferase(s) is distinct from the cytoplasmic enzymes catalyzing similar reactions, and the possibility of activating it through attack on a sulfhydryl group may represent an important physiological response to certain xenobiotics.
Abstract: Rat liver microsomes were shown to catalyze the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with glutathione and this activity has been characterized. It cannot be removed from the microsomes by washing or other procedures which release loosely bound material from membranes. The microsomal glutathione S-transferase can be activated up to eight fold by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide. This activation also affects the apparent Km of the enzyme(s) for both glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Upon subcellular fractionation of the liver the N-ethylmaleimide-activateable glutathione S-transferase distributes in the same manner as a marker for the endoplasmic reticulum and unlike markers for the other organelles and for the cytoplasm. Treatment of microsomes with proteases revealed that the enzyme is at least partially exposed on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, three inducers of drug-metabolizing systems-i.e. phenobarbital, methylcholanthrene, and trans-stilbene oxide-all increase the activity of the cytoplasmic glutathione S-transferases, but they do not affect the microsomal activity. These and other considerations indicate that the microsomal glutathione S-transferase(s) is distinct from the cytoplasmic enzymes catalyzing similar reactions. The microsomal enzyme is likely to be involved in drug metabolism and the possibility of activating it through attack on a sulfhydryl group may represent an important physiological response to certain xenobiotics.

147 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The presence of the feed-back regulation of 3H-ACh release in a cell-free preparation provides further evidence that the presynaptic regulation is exerted by muscarinic autoreceptors localized on the cholinergic nerve ending itself.
Abstract: Release of 3H-ACh from isolated nerve endings of rat hippocampus was evoked by incubation in Krebs-Ringer's buffer containing 25 or 35 mM potassium. The release was Ca2+-dependent and could be inhibited by Mg2+ (20 mM). The muscarinic antagonist, atropine (10(-10)-10(-6) M), enhanced 3H-ACh-release. The muscarinic agonist, carbachol (10(-5)-10(-3) M) inhibited 3H-ACh release via interaction with muscarinic receptors: this effect could be blocked by atropine (10(-6) M). The presence of the feed-back regulation of 3H-ACh release in a cell-free preparation provides further evidence that the presynaptic regulation is exerted by muscarinic autoreceptors localized on the cholinergic nerve ending itself. The feed back inhibition of the 3H-ACh release does not require the presence of intact neurons or neuronal loops as tetrodotoxin (2.5 x 10(-6) M) does not affect the above results.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the configuration at the acetal carbon atom of pyruvic acid acetals present in some extracellular bacterial polysaccharides has been investigated by comparing signals in the 13 C- and 1 H-n.m.r. spectra of the polyscharides with those of model substances.

144 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
29 Aug 1980-Science
TL;DR: Extracts from several different photocopies were mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella assay, indicating that toners are directly responsible for the mutagenicity.
Abstract: Extracts from several different photocopies were mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella assay. The mutagenic behavior was similar for extracts from copies and corresponding toners indicating that toners are directly responsible for the mutagenicity. The mutagenicity is caused by at least two classes of compounds which may be present either alone or in combination in any toner.

142 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 is composed of D-galactopyranosyluronic acid residues and 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D- GalpA residues and the latter sugar, previously unknown in Nature, was not isolated but was identified from the products obtained on deamination of the polymer.

124 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The absorption of timolol after topical administration to the eye was studied in 11 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with bilateral open angle glaucoma, and the drug was found in the urine samples from all volunteers andglaucomatous patients.
Abstract: The absorption of timolol after topical administration to the eye was studied in 11 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with bilateral open angle glaucoma. The volunteers received 2 drops of 0.5% timolol ophthalmic solution in each eye, equivalent to 0.8 mg of timolol maleate. Overflow was absorbed by paper tissue. The patients received the same dose twice daily for 2 weeks and were then investigated. In the paper tissue, 12 to 88% of the dose administered was recovered. Plasma concentrations were never above 5 ng/ml and not always detectable (detection limit 1 to 2 ng/ml). However, timolol was absorbed as the drug was found in the urine samples from all volunteers and glaucomatous patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure of the O-specific side-chains of Shigella sonnei phase I lipopolysaccharide has been investigated in this paper, where the side chains are composed of disaccharide repeating-units containing two uncommon sugar components, one of witch, 2-amino-2-deoxy-L -altruronic acid, has been identified previously.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The frequency of neck and shoulder problems was found to increase with age and occupational physical exertion, and the frequency of symptoms was higher in women than in men.
Abstract: A sample population aged 18 to 65 selected at random in a region of the county of Stockholm was examined in an epidemiological study of met and unmet needs for medical and social services-the Rebus study (3). The study, comprising about 2500 men and women, was conducted from 1969 to 1971. The frequency of neck and shoulder problems was found to increase with age and occupational physical exertion. The frequency of symptoms was higher in women than in men. Those individuals who had to lift 40 (female) 60 (male) kg to do their job exhibited a significantly lower frequency of neck-shoulder problems than others. Sick leave was more common among persons with neck-shoulder problems also when comparisons were made for age, sex, and physical strain at work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Escherichia coli strains from children with acute febrile pyelonephritis failed to agglutinate human erythrocytes lacking the antigens within the P blood group system, giving further support to the proposal that the Pk glycosphingolipid is related to the receptor for pyel onephriticE.
Abstract: Earlier investigations have shown that pyelonephriticEscherichia coli specifically recognize and bind to carbohydrate structures correlated to the P blood group antigens. These findings are confirmed and extended in this study. Twenty-two of 23 nonselectedE. coli strains from children with acute febrile pyelonephritis failed to agglutinate human erythrocytes lacking the antigens within the P blood group system. Only one of 32 faecal isolates exhibited this specific agglutinating property. The new information in this paper is that P2k erythrocytes, containing only the Pk antigen, were agglutinated to the same extent by pyelonephriticE. coli strains, giving further support to the proposal that the Pk glycosphingolipid is related to the receptor for pyelonephriticE. coli. In addition, the importance of the oligosaccharide moiety of the Pk glycosphingolipid for the binding ofE. coli was further investigated. The synthesized disaccharide α-D-Galp-(1–4)-β-D-Galp-1-O-O-NO2 inhibited the agglutination of human erythrocytes caused by two pyelonephriticE. coli strains at concentrations of less than 1 mM. Hence, the minimal receptor structure recognized by theseE. coli strains appears to be the α-D-Galp-(1–4)-β-D-Galp structure. How generally valid this observation may be needs further investigation. The findings may open new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The main theme of as mentioned in this paper is the study of psychological mediators of neuroendocrine response patterns in relation to psychosocial conditions, and recent approaches to these problems are reviewed against the background of earlier studies from our laboratory and relevant work from other laboratories.
Abstract: The main theme of this paper is the study of psychological mediators of neuroendocrine response patterns in relation to psychosocial conditions. Our recent approaches to these problems will be reviewed against the background of earlier studies from our laboratory (cf. reviews by Frankenhaeuser, 1971, 1976, 1979a, b) and relevant work from other laboratories.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that this non-heme iron is present in two major pools in which the inner membrane constitutes the barrier and it is likely that it represents a transit iron pool being the proximate iron donor for heme synthesis catalyzed by the enzyme ferrochelatase.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With the notable exceptions of man and white-tailed deer, low levels of heterozygosity have actually been observed in large animals, e.g., alligator, alligator mississippiensis, black bear Revised March 27, 1980.
Abstract: The ongoing electrophoretic examination of natural populations among a wide variety of taxonomic groups has revealed large variation with regard to the amount and distribution of genetic variability. Numerous groupings of data based on biochemical, ecological, and systematic criteria have been used in the attempts to find a pattern for this variation (e.g., Gillespie and Kojima, 1968; Kojima et al., 1970; Selander and Kaufman, 1973; Powell, 1975; Selander, 1976; Soule, 1976; Valentine, 1976; Ward, 1977; Nevo, 1978). On the basis of the environmentalgrain hypothesis, Selander and Kaufman (1973) suggested that large and highly mobile animals would exhibit lower levels of heterozygosity than smaller, less mobile ones. With the notable exceptions of man (Harris and Hopkinson, 1972; Nei and Roychoudhury, 1974) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (Manlove et al., 1976; Ramsey et al., 1979; Smith et al., in press), low levels of heterozygosity have actually been observed in large animals, e.g., alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) (Gartside et al., 1977), black bear Revised March 27, 1980

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the configuration interaction method where a single reference state is composed of a linear combination of reference configurations is analyzed in detail, based on the recently derived factorization of the direct CI coupling coefficients into internal and external parts.
Abstract: The configuration interaction method where a single reference state is composed of a linear combination of reference configurations is analyzed in detail. In this method single and double replacements are constructed by applying annihilation and creation operators on the reference state. The analysis is based on the recently derived factorization of the direct CI coupling coefficients into internal and external parts. Using the internal coupling coefficients the integrals are transformed to new entities which are used in the diagonalization step. This two-step procedure differs significantly from the usual straightforward one-step direct CI procedure. A number of operations analysis shows that calculations with the present method should be feasible even with a large number of reference configurations in the reference state. Based on first-order perturbation theory the accuracy of the method is predicted to be close to the accuracy obtained with the usual CI method with many reference configurations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Tsesis grounded in the Swedish archipelago, 65 km south of Stockholm (northern Baltic proper, 59°N, 18°E) and carried 17575 t of No. 5 fuel oil.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1980-Tellus A
TL;DR: In this article, simultaneous measurements with particle counters and a multiwavelength integrating nephelometer have been made at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard (12° E, 79° N).
Abstract: Simultaneous aerosol measurements with particle counters and a multiwavelength integrating nephelometer have been made at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard (12° E, 79° N). The measured integral aerosol properties were used in an inversion procedure to derive a consistent model of the particle size distribution of Arctic haze. The obtained size distribution is compared to the global background aerosol size distribution. Both the light scattering coefficients and the total suspended volume of particles were found to be on the level of the global background. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1980.tb00952.x

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work has investigated GDP-binding to brown adipose tissue mitochondria of the rat during post-natal development and during cold adaptation, and it finds a good correlation between this parameter and the expected thermogenic activity of the tissue.
Abstract: 1 1 It has been earlier shown that GDP binds to a site on the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipose tissue from which it regulates an ion-conducting channel, and hence energy conservation in these mitochondria 2 2 We have investigated GDP-binding to brown adipose tissue mitochondria of the rat during post-natal development and during cold adaptation, and we find a good correlation between this parameter and the expected thermogenic activity of the tissue

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experiments involving proteolysis, inhibitors and competitive inhibition suggest that a fatty acid binding protein is responsible for the carrier process and this carrier protein seems to be present in increased amounts both in the supernatant and in the peroxisomes after clofibrate induction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No intergroup difference was found in mental performance during physical work in two groups who differed in physical fitness, but recovery rate in terms of heart rate was faster, and menta...
Abstract: Two groups of subjects who differed in physical fitness (24 well-trained and 24 less well-trained male students) participated in an experiment concerned with mental performance during and after physical work. The physical work was matched between the groups in terms of the percentage of maximal work capacity. Three mental tasks were used: task I involved high information load, placing great demands on continuous concentration and switching of attention as well as on short-term memory; task 2 involved paired associate learning with recall following short and long retention delays; task 3 was a multiplication task with great demands on concentration and on short-term memory. Tasks 1 and 2 were performed during the four different work-load conditions and task 3 after the physical work. As expected, heart rate during physical work was about the same in both groups. No intergroup difference was found in mental performance during physical work. However, recovery rate in terms of heart rate was faster, and menta...



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A questionnaire based on the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) given to 181 male and 280 female Swedish university students, showed that females had significantly higher Type A scores than males.
Abstract: A questionnaire based on the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), given to 181 male and 280 female Swedish university students, showed that females had significantly higher Type A scores than males. Three factors were extracted by factor analysis, two of which, “speed and impatience” and “hard-driving”, corresponded to two of the factors obtained by JAS in an American population of employed men (Zyzanski & Jenkins, 1970). The third factor was tentatively termed “engagement-involvement”. Twelve male and 12 female subjects from opposite ends of the distribution were compared in terms of 22 personality variables measured by questionnaires. It was found that Type A subjects of both sexes scored higher on scales measuring anxiety-proneness, aggression-hostility, extraversion and neuroticism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper some aspects of the problem of infological/conceptual user views are treated with a view to gain understanding of how both aspects of user views affect the design and use of information systems and data bases.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Listeners display extremely short latencies when asked to reproduce (shadow), a random series of vowel-vowel sequences, which suggests a fast and direct linkage of the speech-analysis and speech-production mechanisms.
Abstract: Listeners display extremely short latencies when asked to reproduce (shadow), a random series of vowel-vowel sequences. The latency of the shadowing response is as fast or faster than that obtained...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comparison between the flight activity of queens, workers and males shows that queens are able to fly at the lowest temperatures followed by males and workers at slightly higher temperatures.
Abstract: The foraging activity of bumblebees in a subalpine/alpine area in northern Sweden was related to weather factors (temperature, light, wind and rain) by counting the number of specimens visiting a square (5 × 5 m) with a high density of forage plants. The combined effect of light and temperature was the most important factor regulating the flight activity. The condition of the arctic light-climate allows bumblebees to fly even at the less light hours of the day. No clear differences according to flight activity were observed between the subalpine/alpine species Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, B. lapponicus (Fabricius) and the species B. jonellus (Kirby), B. pascuorum (Scopoli), B. pratorum (L.), observed in the subalpine habitats. A comparison between the flight activity of queens, workers and males shows that queens are able to fly at the lowest temperatures followed by males and workers at slightly higher temperatures. The relevance of the overlap of the body sizes between the casts is discussed.