Stockholm University

About: Stockholm University is a education organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Supernova. The organization has 21052 authors who have published 62567 publications receiving 2725859 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Stockholm & Stockholms universitet.

The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease-an update.

Abstract: Background and aims Alcohol use is a major contributor to injuries, mortality and the burden of disease. This review updates knowledge on risk relations between dimensions of alcohol use and health ...

Stimulation of connective tissue cell growth by substance P and substance K.

Abstract: Connective tissue cells proliferate actively when cultured in the presence of serum. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a basic protein of relative molecular mass ∼30,000, has been identified as the major serum mitogen for these cells1; its main physiological/pathophysiological role may be to initiate wound healing in connection with tissue injury. However, growth of cultured cells is also influenced by several other factors, including epidermal growth factor2, fibroblast growth factor3, insulin and somatomedins4. Furthermore, Rozengurt and Sinnett-Smith recently showed that bombesin, a neuroendocrine peptide isolated from frog skin, stimulates DNA synthesis and cell division in cultures of a specific subtype of 3T3 cells5. Substance P and substance K (also known as neurokinin A or neuromedin L) are mammalian peptides belonging to the tachykinin family6. Substance P has been studied extensively; it is distributed widely throughout the central and peripheral nervous system7, including primary sensory neurones8–10, and can be released in the periphery from axon collaterals of stimulated pain fibres11,12 and contribute to the inflammatory response13. Substance K is a member of the tachykinin family isolated from mammalian spinal cord14,15; Nawa et al.16 determined the primary structure of two types of substance P precursors, one of which contained a sequence homologous to substance K, as well as the sequence of substance P. We report here that substance P and substance K stimulate DNA synthesis in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells and human skin fibro-blasts, and that this stimulation is inhibited by the substance P-antagonist spantide17.

The spectrum of isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission between 100 MeV and 820 GeV

Abstract: The gamma-ray sky can be decomposed into individually detected sources, diffuse emission attributed to the interactions of Galactic cosmic rays with gas and radiation fields, and a residual all-sky emission component commonly called the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background (IGRB). The IGRB comprises all extragalactic emissions too faint or too diffuse to be resolved in a given survey, as well as any residual Galactic foregrounds that are approximately isotropic. The first IGRB measurement with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) used 10 months of sky-survey data and considered an energy range between 200 MeV and 100 GeV. Improvements in event selection and characterization of cosmic-ray backgrounds, better understanding of the diffuse Galactic emission, and a longer data accumulation of 50 months, allow for a refinement and extension of the IGRB measurement with the LAT, now covering the energy range from 100 MeV to 820 GeV. The IGRB spectrum shows a significant high-energy cutoff feature, and can be well described over nearly four decades in energy by a power law with exponential cutoff having a spectral index of 2.32 plus or minus 0.02 and a break energy of (279 plus or minus 52) GeV using our baseline diffuse Galactic emission model. The total intensity attributed to the IGRB is (7.2 plus or minus 0.6) x 10(exp -6) cm(exp -2) s(exp -1) sr(exp -1) above 100 MeV, with an additional +15%/-30% systematic uncertainty due to the Galactic diffuse foregrounds.