Institution
Stony Brook University
Education•Stony Brook, New York, United States•
About: Stony Brook University is a education organization based out in Stony Brook, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 32534 authors who have published 68218 publications receiving 3035131 citations. The organization is also known as: State University of New York at Stony Brook & SUNY Stony Brook.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the theory and phenomenology of instantons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and provide a pedagogical introduction to semiclassical methods in quantum mechanics and field theory.
Abstract: The authors review the theory and phenomenology of instantons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). After a general overview, they provide a pedagogical introduction to semiclassical methods in quantum mechanics and field theory. The main part of the review summarizes our understanding of the instanton liquid in QCD and the role of instantons in generating the spectrum of light hadrons. The authors also discuss properties of instantons at finite temperature and how instantons can provide a mechanism for the chiral phase transition. They give an overview of the role of instantons in some other models, in particular low-dimensional sigma models, electroweak theory, and supersymmetric QCD.
1,089 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that people exaggerate the contribution of income to happiness because they focus, in part, on conventional achievements when evaluating their life or the lives of others.
Abstract: The belief that high income is associated with good mood is widespread but mostly illusory. People with above-average income are relatively satisfied with their lives but are barely happier than others in moment-to-moment experience, tend to be more tense, and do not spend more time in particularly enjoyable activities. Moreover, the effect of income on life satisfaction seems to be transient. We argue that people exaggerate the contribution of income to happiness because they focus, in part, on conventional achievements when evaluating their life or the lives of others.
1,077 citations
Harvard University1, Broad Institute2, University of Tübingen3, Max Planck Society4, University of Mainz5, University of Washington6, University of California, Berkeley7, Massachusetts Institute of Technology8, Stockholm University9, University of Adelaide10, The Heritage Foundation11, National Museum of Natural History12, Sultan Qaboos University13, University of Edinburgh14, University of Costa Rica15, University of Antioquia16, Rambam Health Care Campus17, University of Pécs18, Al Akhawayn University19, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart20, University of Oxford21, Belgorod State University22, University of Toronto23, University of Buenos Aires24, University of Bern25, Russian Academy of Sciences26, Paul Sabatier University27, North-Eastern Federal University28, University of Chicago29, University of Arizona30, Stony Brook University31, University of Bergen32, Illumina33, Sofia Medical University34, Bashkir State University35, University of Cambridge36, Vilnius University37, Estonian Biocentre38, University of Strasbourg39, Amgen40, University College London41, Gladstone Institutes42, University of Tartu43, University of Oulu44, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences45, University of Palermo46, University of Tarapacá47, University of Chile48, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan49, Armenian National Academy of Sciences50, University of North Texas51, University of Santiago de Compostela52, University of Kharkiv53, Higher University of San Andrés54, Novosibirsk State University55, Leidos56, Lebanese American University57, University of Split58, University of Pennsylvania59, Banaras Hindu University60, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology61, Estonian Academy of Sciences62, Pompeu Fabra University63, Howard Hughes Medical Institute64
TL;DR: It is shown that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west Europeanhunter-gatherer related ancestry.
Abstract: We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
1,077 citations
French Institute of Health and Medical Research1, Institut Gustave Roussy2, University of Naples Federico II3, University of Paris-Sud4, University of Rome Tor Vergata5, Boston Children's Hospital6, Centre national de la recherche scientifique7, University of Gothenburg8, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas9, University of Ferrara10, Stony Brook University11, University of Graz12, University College London13
TL;DR: Evidence is provided of a key signalling pathway that links autophagy to the cancer-associated dysregulation of p53, which improved the survival of p 53-deficient cancer cells under conditions of hypoxia and nutrient depletion, allowing them to maintain high ATP levels.
Abstract: Multiple cellular stressors, including activation of the tumour suppressor p53, can stimulate autophagy. Here we show that deletion, depletion or inhibition of p53 can induce autophagy in human, mouse and nematode cells subjected to knockout, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of p53. Enhanced autophagy improved the survival of p53-deficient cancer cells under conditions of hypoxia and nutrient depletion, allowing them to maintain high ATP levels. Inhibition of p53 led to autophagy in enucleated cells, and cytoplasmic, not nuclear, p53 was able to repress the enhanced autophagy of p53(-/-) cells. Many different inducers of autophagy (for example, starvation, rapamycin and toxins affecting the endoplasmic reticulum) stimulated proteasome-mediated degradation of p53 through a pathway relying on the E3 ubiquitin ligase HDM2. Inhibition of p53 degradation prevented the activation of autophagy in several cell lines, in response to several distinct stimuli. These results provide evidence of a key signalling pathway that links autophagy to the cancer-associated dysregulation of p53.
1,075 citations
TL;DR: A relationship between resistance to white spot formation and the rate of salivary flow is suggested and the obvious degree of latrogenic damage during orthodontic treatment suggests the need for preventive programs using fluoride.
1,070 citations
Authors
Showing all 32829 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zhong Lin Wang | 245 | 2529 | 259003 |
| Dennis W. Dickson | 191 | 1243 | 148488 |
| Hyun-Chul Kim | 176 | 4076 | 183227 |
| David Baker | 173 | 1226 | 109377 |
| J. N. Butler | 172 | 2525 | 175561 |
| Roderick T. Bronson | 169 | 679 | 107702 |
| Nora D. Volkow | 165 | 958 | 107463 |
| Jovan Milosevic | 152 | 1433 | 106802 |
| Thomas E. Starzl | 150 | 1625 | 91704 |
| Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
| Jacques Banchereau | 143 | 634 | 99261 |
| Larry R. Squire | 143 | 472 | 85306 |
| John D. E. Gabrieli | 142 | 480 | 68254 |
| Alexander Milov | 142 | 1143 | 93374 |
| Meenakshi Narain | 142 | 1805 | 147741 |