Stony Brook University

About: Stony Brook University is a education organization based out in Stony Brook, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 32534 authors who have published 68218 publications receiving 3035131 citations. The organization is also known as: State University of New York at Stony Brook & SUNY Stony Brook.

Risk of venous thromboembolism with the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab in cancer patients: a meta-analysis.

Abstract: Context Venous thromboembolism is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Concerns have arisen regarding the risk of venous thromboembolism with the novel antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor that is widely used in cancer treatment. Currently, the role of bevacizumab in venous thromboembolism is controversial. Objective To assess the overall risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use of bevacizumab, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials was performed. Data Sources The databases of PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles published in the English language from January 1966 until January 2008 and abstracts presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology conferences held between January 2000 and January 2008 were searched to identify relevant clinical trials. Study Selection and Data Extraction Eligible studies included prospective randomized controlled trials in which standard antineoplastic therapy was used with and without bevacizumab and data on venous thromboembolism were available. Summary incidence rates, relative risks (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of included studies. Data Synthesis A total of 7956 patients with a variety of advanced solid tumors from 15 randomized controlled trials were identified and included for analysis. Among those patients receiving bevacizumab, the summary incidences of all-grade and high-grade venous thromboembolism were 11.9% (95% CI, 6.8%-19.9%) and 6.3% (95% CI, 4.8%-8.3%), respectively. Patients treated with bevacizumab had a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism with an RR of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.13-1.56; P Conclusion The use of bevacizumab was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism in cancer patients receiving this drug.

The T2K Experiment

Abstract: The T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment Its main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton sector mixing angle {\theta}_{13} by observing { u}_e appearance in a { u}_{\mu} beam It also aims to make a precision measurement of the known oscillation parameters, {\Delta}m^{2}_{23} and sin^{2} 2{\theta}_{23}, via { u}_{\mu} disappearance studies Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino cross section measurements and sterile neutrino searches The experiment uses an intense proton beam generated by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, Japan, and is composed of a neutrino beamline, a near detector complex (ND280), and a far detector (Super-Kamiokande) located 295 km away from J-PARC This paper provides a comprehensive review of the instrumentation aspect of the T2K experiment and a summary of the vital information for each subsystem

Does evolutionary theory need a rethink

Abstract: Nobel physicist talks plants with a waiter, then what? p.168 ENERGY Don't assume that renewable energies are problem-free p.168 AGEING Atul Gawande's call to action on end-of-life medical care p.167 HEALTH Lasting legacy of wartime battle against malaria p.166 Does evolutionary theory need a rethink? Researchers are divided over what processes should be considered fundamental. I n October 1881, just six months before he died, Charles Darwin published his final book. The Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Actions of Worms 11 sold briskly: Darwin's earlier publications had secured his reputation. He devoted an entire book to these humble creatures in part because they exemplify an interesting feedback process: earthworms are adapted to thrive in an environment that they modify through their own activities. Darwin learned about earthworms from conversations with gardeners and his own simple experiments. He had a genius for distilling penetrating insights about evolutionary processes — often after amassing years of observational and experimental data — and he drew on such disparate topics as agriculture, geology, embryol-ogy and behaviour. Evolutionary thinking ever since has followed Darwin's lead in its emphasis on evidence and in synthesizing information from other fields. A profound shift in evolutionary thinking began C harles Darwin conceived of evolution by natural selection without knowing that genes exist. Now mainstream evolutionary theory has come to focus almost exclusively on genetic inheritance and processes that change gene frequencies. Yet new data pouring out of adjacent fields are starting to undermine this narrow stance. An alternative vision of evolution is beginning to crystallize, in which the processes by which organisms grow and develop are recognized as causes of evolution. Some of us first met to discuss these advances six years ago. In the time since, as members of an interdisciplinary team, we have worked intensively to develop a broader framework, termed the extended evolutionary synthesis 1 (EES), and to flesh out its structure, assumptions and predictions. In essence, this synthesis maintains that important drivers of evolution, ones that cannot be reduced to genes, must be woven into the very fabric of evolutionary theory. We believe that the EES will shed new light on how POINT Yes, urgently Without an extended evolutionary framework, the theory neglects key processes, say Kevin Laland and colleagues.