Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

About: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre is a healthcare organization based out in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Breast cancer. The organization has 7689 authors who have published 15236 publications receiving 523019 citations. The organization is also known as: Sunnybrook.

The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder: Knowledge to date and directions for future research.

Abstract: Objectives: Over the past two decades there has been tremendous growth in research regarding bipolar disorder (BD) among children and adolescents (i.e., pediatric BD; PBD). The primary purpose of this article is to distill the extant literature, dispel myths or exaggerated assertions in the field, and disseminate clinically relevant findings. Methods: An international group of experts completed a selective review of the literature, emphasizing areas of consensus, identifying limitations and gaps in the literature, and highlighting future directions to mitigate these gaps. Results: Substantial, and increasingly international, research has accumulated regarding the phenomenology, differential diagnosis, course, treatment, and neurobiology of PBD. Prior division around the role of irritability and of screening tools in diagnosis has largely abated. Goldstandard pharmacological trials inform treatment of manic/mixed episodes, whereas fewer data address bipolar depression and maintenance/continuation treatment. Adjunctive psychosocial treatment provides a forum for psychoeducation and targets primarily depressive symptoms. Numerous neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies, and increasing peripheral biomarker studies, largely converge with prior findings from adults with BD. Conclusions: As data have accumulated and controversy has dissipated, the field has moved past existential questions about PBD toward defining and pursuing pressing clinical and scientific priorities that remain. The overall body of evidence supports the position that perceptions about marked international (U.S. versus elsewhere) and developmental (pediatric vs. adult) differences have been overstated, although additional research on these topics is warranted. Traction toward improved outcomes will be supported by continued emphasis on pathophysiology and novel therapeutics.

Image resolution and signal-to-noise ratio requirements for MR imaging of degenerative cartilage.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the MR image resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required to reveal morphologic abnormalities in degenerative cartilage.In vitro MR microscopy of healthy bovine and degenerative human patellar cartilage was performed and image resolution degraded to simulate resolution achievable in routine and optimized clinical MR images. Noise was then added to images as in-plane resolution was increased to simulate the MR imaging appearance of cartilage with improved resolution, which is possible using a standard magnetic field strength. MR images of patellar cartilage from a healthy volunteer were also obtained to determine optimal SNR and image resolution achievable at 1.5 T; these images were compared with in vitro images to determine those features of abnormal cartilage that can be identified using available clinical MR imaging techniques.In-plane resolution of 39 microns exquisitely defines degenerative changes in articular cartilage. As in-plane resolution decrea...