Institution
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Education•Uppsala, Sweden•
About: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences is a education organization based out in Uppsala, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Soil water. The organization has 13510 authors who have published 35241 publications receiving 1414458 citations. The organization is also known as: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet & SLU.
Topics: Population, Soil water, Species richness, Biodiversity, Picea abies
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: The most appropriate management practices to increase soil carbon sink capacity vary regionally, dependent on both environmental and socioeconomic factors as discussed by the authors. But, effective mitigation policies will not be based on any single ‘magic bullet’ solutions, but rather on many modest reductions which are economically efficient and which confer additional benefits to society.
Abstract: . Agricultural soils, having been depleted of much of their native carbon stocks, have a significant CO2 sink capacity. Global estimates of this sink capacity are in the order of 20-30 Pg C over the next 50-100 years. Management practices to build up soil C must increase the input of organic matter to soil and/or decrease soil organic matter decomposition rates. The most appropriate management practices to increase soil C vary regionally, dependent on both environmental and socioeconomic factors.
In temperate regions, key strategies involve increasing cropping frequency and reducing bare fallow, increasing the use of perennial forages (including N-fixing species) in crop rotations, retaining crop residues and reducing or eliminating tillage (i.e. no-till). In North America and Europe, conversion of marginal arable land to permanent perennial vegetation, to protect fragile soils and landscapes and/or reduce agricultural surpluses, provides additional opportunities for C sequestration.
In the tropics, increasing C inputs to soil through improving the fertility and productivity of cropland and pastures is essential. In extensive systems with vegetated fallow periods (e.g. shifting cultivation), planted fallows and cover crops can increase C levels over the cropping cycle. Use of no-till, green manures and agroforestry are other beneficial practices. Overall, improving the productivity and sustainability of existing agricultural lands is crucial to help reduce the rate of new land clearing, from which large amounts of CO2 from biomass and soil are emitted to the atmosphere.
Some regional analyses of soil C sequestration and sequestration potential have been performed, mainly for temperate industrialized countries. More are needed, especially for the tropics, to capture region-specific interactions between climate, soil and management resources that are lost in global level assessments.
By itself, C sequestration in agricultural soils can make only modest contributions (e.g. 3-6% of total fossil C emissions) to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, effective mitigation policies will not be based on any single ‘magic bullet’ solutions, but rather on many modest reductions which are economically efficient and which confer additional benefits to society. In this context, soil C sequestration is a significant mitigation option. Additional advantages of pursuing strategies to increase soil C are the added benefits of improved soil quality for improving agricultural productivity and sustainability.
720 citations
Goethe University Frankfurt1, University of Maryland, College Park2, University of Guelph3, Duke University4, Radboud University Nijmegen5, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences6, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul7, University of Alberta8, Royal Veterinary College9, Wildlife Conservation Society10, Mississippi State University11, Sao Paulo State University12, Michigan Department of Natural Resources13, University of California, Davis14, Aarhus University15, Max Planck Society16, University of Potsdam17, Middle Tennessee State University18, Mammal Research Institute19, Edmund Mach Foundation20, Harvard University21, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute22, University of Évora23, University of Montpellier24, Monash University25, Parks Victoria26, Ohio State University27, Fiji National University28, University of Massachusetts Amherst29, United States Geological Survey30, University of Oxford31, Save the Elephants32, German Primate Center33, Technische Universität München34, Institute of Ecosystem Studies35, University of British Columbia36, University of Zurich37, University of Wyoming38, University of Washington39, University of Montana40, Bavarian Forest National Park41, University of Freiburg42, University of Toulouse43, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna44, University College Cork45, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences46, North Carolina State University47, Karatina University48, University of Lethbridge49, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory50, University of Valencia51, Stony Brook University52, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources53, University of Alicante54, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária55, University of Glasgow56, New York University57, University of Oslo58, Hebrew University of Jerusalem59, Norwegian University of Science and Technology60, Field Museum of Natural History61, University of Bayreuth62, University of Grenoble63, University of New South Wales64, Pennsylvania Game Commission65, Princeton University66, University of Konstanz67, University of Haifa68, Polish Academy of Sciences69, Instituto Superior de Agronomia70, University of Porto71, University of Lisbon72, University of California, Santa Cruz73, University of Pretoria74, Colorado State University75
TL;DR: Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, it is found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in area with a low human footprint.
Abstract: Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission.
719 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the ecological importance of understory vegetation, both in the short term by influencing tree seedling regeneration, and in the longer term by affecting belowground processes such as decomposition, nutrient flow, and buildup of soil nutrients.
Abstract: Vegetation research in boreal forests has tended to focus on the tree component, while little attention has been paid to understory components such as dwarf shrubs, mosses, and reindeer lichens. However, the productivity of understory vegetation is probably comparable to that of the trees. We review recent research in the boreal forest of northern Sweden to highlight the ecological importance of understory vegetation, both in the short term by influencing tree seedling regeneration, and in the longer term by affecting belowground processes such as decomposition, nutrient flow, and buildup of soil nutrients. Wildfire resulting from lightning strike is a primary determinant of understory vegetation, and as such is a major driver of forest community and ecosystem properties. Forest management practices that alter the fire regime and the composition of understory vegetation may have long-term consequences for both conservation goals and commercial forest productivity.
712 citations
Wageningen University and Research Centre1, Rutgers University2, Spanish National Research Council3, Naturalis4, University of Leeds5, Institut national de la recherche agronomique6, Michigan State University7, University of Freiburg8, University of California, Berkeley9, University of New England (United States)10, University of Vermont11, University of California, Davis12, National University of Singapore13, Hungarian Academy of Sciences14, University of Göttingen15, Cornell University16, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences17, Stellenbosch University18, Centre national de la recherche scientifique19, Simon Fraser University20, University of Reading21, University of Würzburg22, Plant & Food Research23, University of Giessen24, University of Texas at Austin25, University of Bern26, Hebrew University of Jerusalem27, Lund University28, Federal University of Bahia29
TL;DR: It is shown that, while the contribution of wild bees to crop production is significant, service delivery is restricted to a limited subset of all known bee species, suggesting that cost-effective management strategies to promote crop pollination should target a different set of species than management Strategies to promote threatened bees.
Abstract: There is compelling evidence that more diverse ecosystems deliver greater benefits to people, and these ecosystem services have become a key argument for biodiversity conservation. However, it is unclear how much biodiversity is needed to deliver ecosystem services in a cost-effective way. Here we show that, while the contribution of wild bees to crop production is significant, service delivery is restricted to a limited subset of all known bee species. Across crops, years and biogeographical regions, crop-visiting wild bee communities are dominated by a small number of common species, and threatened species are rarely observed on crops. Dominant crop pollinators persist under agricultural expansion and many are easily enhanced by simple conservation measures, suggesting that cost-effective management strategies to promote crop pollination should target a different set of species than management strategies to promote threatened bees. Conserving the biological diversity of bees therefore requires more than just ecosystem-service-based arguments.
698 citations
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences1, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation2, University of Exeter3, University of Bath4, George Washington University5, Ghent University6, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics7, University of Copenhagen8, Kansas State University9, University of Montpellier10, Max Planck Society11, University of Warsaw12, University of Georgia13, National Autonomous University of Mexico14, Australian National University15, University of Valencia16, Wageningen University and Research Centre17, University of Saskatchewan18, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada19, Stockholm University20, Eötvös Loránd University21, University of Tokyo22, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology23, Plant & Food Research24, Oregon State University25, Agricultural Research Service26, Leiden University27, University of Manitoba28
TL;DR: Despite a large variation in the data, trends that are found are that RNAi is particularly successful in the family Saturniidae and in genes involved in immunity and that gene expression in epidermal tissues seems to be most difficult to silence.
698 citations
Authors
Showing all 13653 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Svante Pääbo | 147 | 407 | 84489 |
| Lars Klareskog | 131 | 697 | 63281 |
| Stephen Hillier | 129 | 1138 | 83831 |
| Carol V. Robinson | 123 | 670 | 51896 |
| Jun Yu | 121 | 1174 | 81186 |
| Peter J. Anderson | 120 | 966 | 63635 |
| David E. Clapham | 119 | 382 | 58360 |
| Angela M. Gronenborn | 113 | 568 | 44800 |
| David A. Wardle | 110 | 409 | 70547 |
| Agneta Oskarsson | 106 | 766 | 40524 |
| Jack S. Remington | 103 | 481 | 38006 |
| Hans Ellegren | 102 | 349 | 39437 |
| Per A. Peterson | 102 | 356 | 35788 |
| Malcolm J. Bennett | 99 | 439 | 37207 |
| Gunnar E. Carlsson | 98 | 466 | 32638 |