Institution
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
Facility•Birmensdorf, Switzerland•
About: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research is a facility organization based out in Birmensdorf, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Climate change & Soil water. The organization has 1256 authors who have published 3222 publications receiving 161639 citations. The organization is also known as: WSL.
Topics: Climate change, Soil water, Biodiversity, Glacier, Species richness
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
University of Bern1, Centre national de la recherche scientifique2, Paul Scherrer Institute3, University of Mainz4, Natural Environment Research Council5, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research6, Forschungszentrum Jülich7, Stanford University8, National Center for Atmospheric Research9, University of Exeter10, Columbia University11, University of Basilicata12, University of Vienna13, University of Barcelona14, Finnish Environment Institute15, American Museum of Natural History16, AGH University of Science and Technology17, Swansea University18, Silesian University of Technology19, Vytautas Magnus University20, University of Naples Federico II21, Anglia Ruskin University22
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used long-term δ13C tree-ring measurements across a European forest network to reconstruct the physiologically driven response of intercellular CO2 caused by atmospheric CO2 (Ca) trends.
Abstract: Considering the combined effects of CO2 fertilization and climate change drivers on plant physiology leads to a modest increase in simulated European forest transpiration in spite of the effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. The Earth’s carbon and hydrologic cycles are intimately coupled by gas exchange through plant stomata1,2,3. However, uncertainties in the magnitude4,5,6 and consequences7,8 of the physiological responses9,10 of plants to elevated CO2 in natural environments hinders modelling of terrestrial water cycling and carbon storage11. Here we use annually resolved long-term δ13C tree-ring measurements across a European forest network to reconstruct the physiologically driven response of intercellular CO2 (Ci) caused by atmospheric CO2 (Ca) trends. When removing meteorological signals from the δ13C measurements, we find that trees across Europe regulated gas exchange so that for one ppmv atmospheric CO2 increase, Ci increased by ∼0.76 ppmv, most consistent with moderate control towards a constant Ci/Ca ratio. This response corresponds to twentieth-century intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) increases of 14 ± 10 and 22 ± 6% at broadleaf and coniferous sites, respectively. An ensemble of process-based global vegetation models shows similar CO2 effects on iWUE trends. Yet, when operating these models with climate drivers reintroduced, despite decreased stomatal opening, 5% increases in European forest transpiration are calculated over the twentieth century. This counterintuitive result arises from lengthened growing seasons, enhanced evaporative demand in a warming climate, and increased leaf area, which together oppose effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. Our study questions changes to the hydrological cycle, such as reductions in transpiration and air humidity, hypothesized to result from plant responses to anthropogenic emissions.
349 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of previous and current research on the main topics related to rockfall is provided, covering the onset of rockfall and runout modelling approaches, as well as hazard zoning and protection measures.
Abstract: . Rockfall is an extremely rapid process involving long travel distances. Due to these features, when an event occurs, the ability to take evasive action is practically zero and, thus, the risk of injury or loss of life is high. Damage to buildings and infrastructure is quite likely. In many cases, therefore, suitable protection measures are necessary. This contribution provides an overview of previous and current research on the main topics related to rockfall. It covers the onset of rockfall and runout modelling approaches, as well as hazard zoning and protection measures. It is the aim of this article to provide an in-depth knowledge base for researchers and practitioners involved in projects dealing with the rockfall protection of infrastructures, who may work in the fields of civil or environmental engineering, risk and safety, the earth and natural sciences.
347 citations
••
TL;DR: Methods for optimizing the reliability and comparability of faunistic inventories are proposed, including rarefaction for reference functions and estimation of species numbers per unit area, and average empirical numbers for species diversity and abundance of major arthropod groups are given and compared to published data.
345 citations
••
Oregon State University1, Duke University2, Field Museum of Natural History3, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign4, Pennsylvania State University5, University of Graz6, University of Oslo7, University of Arizona8, Kaiserslautern University of Technology9, Harvard University10, Brandon University11, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research12, University of Hamburg13, Free University of Berlin14
TL;DR: Pezizomycotina is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota and includes the vast majority of filamentous, ascoma-producing species, and the seven remaining classes formed a monophyletic group that corresponds to Leotiomyceta.
Abstract: Pezizomycotina is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota and includes the vast majority of filamen- tous, ascoma-producing species. Here we report the results from weighted parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of five nuclear loci (SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA, RPB1, RPB2 and EF-1a) from 191 taxa. Nine of the 10 Pezizomycotina classes currently recognized were represented in the sam- pling. These data strongly supported the monophyly of Pezizomycotina, Arthoniomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Orbiliomycetes and Sordariomycetes. Pezizomycetes and Dothideomycetes also were resolved as mono- phyletic but not strongly supported by the data. Lecanoromycetes was resolved as paraphyletic in parsimony analyses but monophyletic in maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Leotiomycetes was polyphyletic due to exclusion of Geoglossaceae. The two most basal classes of Pezizomycotina were Orbilio- mycetes and Pezizomycetes, both of which comprise species that produce apothecial ascomata. The seven
343 citations
••
TL;DR: This work proposes several strategies for utilizing external data (such as might be obtained using GIS) to aid in the completion of species lists, and demonstrates the potential of these approaches using simulation and case studies from Oklahoma.
Abstract: A substantial body of literature has accumulated on the topic of the estimation of species richness by extrapolation. However, most of these methods rely on an objective sampling of nature. This condition is difficult to meet and seldom achieved for large regions. Furthermore, scientists conducting biological surveys often already have preliminary but subjectively gathered species lists, and would like to assess the completeness of such lists, and/or to find a way to perfect them. We propose several strategies for utilizing external data (such as might be obtained using GIS) to aid in the completion of species lists. These include: (i) using existing species lists to develop predictive models; (ii) using the uniqueness of the environment as a guide to find underrepresented species; (iii) using spectral heterogeneity to locate environmentally heterogeneous regions; (iv) combining surveys with statistical model-building in an iterative manner. We demonstrate the potential of these approaches using simulation and case studies from Oklahoma. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
342 citations
Authors
Showing all 1333 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Peter H. Verburg | 107 | 464 | 34254 |
Bernhard Schmid | 103 | 460 | 46419 |
Christian Körner | 103 | 376 | 39637 |
André S. H. Prévôt | 90 | 511 | 38599 |
Fortunat Joos | 87 | 276 | 36951 |
Niklaus E. Zimmermann | 80 | 277 | 39364 |
Robert Huber | 78 | 311 | 25131 |
David Frank | 78 | 186 | 18624 |
Jan Esper | 75 | 254 | 19280 |
James W. Kirchner | 73 | 238 | 21958 |
David B. Roy | 70 | 250 | 26241 |
Emmanuel Frossard | 68 | 356 | 15281 |
Derek Eamus | 67 | 285 | 17317 |
Benjamin Poulter | 66 | 255 | 22519 |
Ulf Büntgen | 65 | 316 | 15876 |