Showing papers by "Tallinn University of Technology published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the approaches related to porous high EMI shielding composite materials that have very low density values is presented, focusing on porous materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.
Abstract: Lightweight porous materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications are reviewed. EMI shielding refers to the capability of a material to protect from electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by electronic devices. Traditionally conducting metals are used in EMI shielding applications, which are slowly being replaced by conducting polymer based shields. This review is narrowly focused on understanding the approaches related to porous high EMI shielding composite materials that have very low density values. While metallic fillers can increase the EMI shielding capabilities of polymers, they also increase the weight, which can be offset by inducing the porosity in the matrix. Porosity is found to be effective in providing higher shielding effectiveness at low filler volume fraction due to concentrating the filler in the solid polymers. However, use of gas porosity results in composites with low mechanical properties. This problem can be alleviated to some extent by reinforcing polymer foams with lightweight conductivefillers such as carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. But the properties of pores such aspore size and distribution cannot be effectively controlled in such cases. Syntactic foams containing hollow particle fillers seem to be the best combination of EMI shielding capabilities and mechanical properties. These composites can be either filled with a second phase conducting filler, or hollow particles can be coated with a conducting layer, or hollow particles made of conducting materials can be used as fillers. The hollow particle wall thickness and volume fractions can be optimized to obtain the desired combination of properties in syntactic foams to enable their multifunctional applications.
310 citations
[...]
TL;DR: The term degrowth signals a radical political and economic critique of the ideology and costs of growth-based development as discussed by the authors, and it has been used by scholars and activists to produce knowledge critical of the benefits of economic growth.
Abstract: Scholars and activists mobilize increasingly the term degrowth when producing knowledge critical of the ideology and costs of growth-based development. Degrowth signals a radical political and econ...
262 citations
TL;DR: Evaluated the consortium effect of three ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria on drought stress alleviation in Vigna mungo L. and Pisum sativum L. to find this consortium could be an effective bio-formulator for crop health improvement in drought-affected acidic agricultural fields.
Abstract: The agricultural crops are often affected by the scarcity of fresh water. Seasonal drought is a major constraint on Northeast Indian agriculture. Almost 80% of the agricultural land in this region is acidic and facing severe drought during the winter period. Apart from classical breeding and transgenic approaches, the application of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is an alternative strategy for improving plant fitness under stressful conditions. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-producing PGPB offer drought stress tolerance by regulating plant ethylene levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the consortium effect of three ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria - Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonenseRJ12, Pseudomonas sp.RJ15 and Bacillus subtilisRJ46 on drought stress alleviation in Vigna mungo L. and Pisum sativum L. Consortium treatment significantly increase seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length, and dry weight of treated plants. An elevated production of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes and cellular osmolytes; higher leaf chlorophyll content; increase in relative water content and root recovery intension were observed after consortium treatment in comparison with the uninoculated plants under drought conditions. The consortium treatment decreased the ACC accumulation and down-regulated ACC-oxidase gene expression. This consortium could be an effective bio-formulator for crop health improvement in drought-affected acidic agricultural fields.
192 citations
TL;DR: This paper surveys emerging healthcare applications, including detailed technical aspects required for the realization of a complete end-to-end solution for each application and a detailed exploration from the existing to the emerging technologies and standards that would enable such applications.
Abstract: The vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to enable systems across the globe to share data using advanced communication technologies. With the recent technological advancements, IoT-based solutions are no longer a challenging vision. IoT will offer numerous and potentially revolutionary benefits to today’s digital world. Future personalized and connected healthcare is one of the promising areas to see the benefits of IoT. This paper surveys emerging healthcare applications, including detailed technical aspects required for the realization of a complete end-to-end solution for each application. The survey explores the key application-specific requirements from the perspective of communication technologies. Furthermore, a detailed exploration from the existing to the emerging technologies and standards that would enable such applications is presented, highlighting the critical consideration of short-range and long-range communications. Finally, the survey highlights important open research challenges and issues specifically related to IoT-based future healthcare systems.
184 citations
TL;DR: Suggestions for future development of the open source energy system model Balmorel are outlined, such as including transport of local biomass as part of the optimisation and speeding up the model.
177 citations
Imperial College London1, Central European Institute of Technology2, University of the Witwatersrand3, University of São Paulo4, University of Manchester5, University of Western Australia6, Saint Joseph's University7, Hamad Medical Corporation8, Sultan Qaboos University9, Medical University of Vienna10, Oslo University Hospital11, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria12, Gdańsk Medical University13, Hebrew University of Jerusalem14, Ljubljana University Medical Centre15, McGill University Health Centre16, Ege University17, University of Belgrade18, National University of Singapore19, University of Latvia20, University of Ioannina21, Capital Medical University22, National Health Laboratory Service23, Heidelberg University24, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy25, University of Basel26, Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom27, Universiti Teknologi MARA28, University of Copenhagen29, University of Debrecen30, Vilnius University31, Sofia Medical University32, University of Zagreb33, University of Benin34, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences35, United Arab Emirates University36, National Taiwan University37, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital38, University of Malta39, The Chinese University of Hong Kong40, National Institutes of Health41, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara42, Tallinn University of Technology43, Slovak Medical University44, University of Helsinki45, Osaka University46, Medical University of Łódź47, Linköping University48, University of the Philippines49, Technische Universität München50, Hacettepe University51, Nanyang Technological University52, University of Milan53
TL;DR: FH is a recognised public health concern, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment, and efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, but support from health authorities and better funding are greatly needed.
161 citations
TL;DR: The key ecological factors which stabilize the SMB and minimize its turnover, are supposed to play an important role in the soil nutrient dynamics and productivity of the ecosystems.
159 citations
TL;DR: This review offers a current and integrative account of clinically used anticancer drugs such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, and vinca alkaloids in terms of their mechanism of action, isolation from endophytic fungi and their characterization, yield obtained, and fungal strain improvement strategies.
Abstract: Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, with an increasing number of cases being reported annually. The elevated rate of mortality necessitates a global challenge to explore newer sources of anticancer drugs. Recent advancements in cancer treatment involve the discovery and development of new and improved chemotherapeutics derived from natural or synthetic sources. Natural sources offer the potential of finding new structural classes with unique bioactivities for cancer therapy. Endophytic fungi represent a rich source of bioactive metabolites that can be manipulated to produce desirable novel analogs for chemotherapy. This review offers a current and integrative account of clinically used anticancer drugs such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, and vinca alkaloids in terms of their mechanism of action, isolation from endophytic fungi and their characterization, yield obtained, and fungal strain improvement strategies. It also covers recent literature on endophytic fungal metabolites from terrestrial, mangrove, and marine sources as potential anticancer agents and emphasizes the findings for cytotoxic bioactive compounds tested against specific cancer cell lines.
157 citations
TL;DR: The present review provides an overview of the cost-effective and present scenario of cellulase production in the biofuel industries including recent advancements.
Abstract: Nonrenewable fossil fuels and their serious environmental impact have forced to develop renewable & sustainable energy sources. In this scenario, cellulases have found extensive applications in the biofuel industries. Three main components of the cellulase enzymatic system, namely endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glycosidase, effectively convert cellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. The commercial production of cellulase is currently performed under submerged fermentation (SmF) conditions using mesophilic microbial strains which are non-economic and also non-sustainable. Although, production of fungal cellulases using solid-state fermentation (SSF) is economically advantageous and a preferable route for industrial purposes, it suffers from a few bottlenecks ( e.g. scale-up, difficult to control process parameters). Therefore, the present review provides an overview of the cost-effective and present scenario of cellulase production in the biofuel industries including recent advancements. In addition, the current limitations hampering the cost-effective production of cellulase have also been discussed to resolve them in the near future.
150 citations
TL;DR: The preliminary study confirms that single-channel EEG analysis, employing the combination of measures, can provide discrimination of depression at the level of multichannel EEG analysis and shows that there is no single superior measure for detection of depression.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a method of estimating the effective inertia of a power system from ambient frequency and active power signals measured by phasor measurement units, based on applying system identification on these measurements and extracting inertia values from identified models.
Abstract: This study presents a method of estimating the effective inertia of a power system from ambient frequency and active power signals measured by phasor measurement units. Most importantly, we demonstrate that inertia can be estimated from ambient measurement data, not only from disturbances. This leads to the possibility of monitoring inertia in a close to continuous manner in the time scale of minutes or tens of minutes. The method allows the system to be divided into a number of areas and the effective inertia of each area to be estimated as a separate quantity. In principle, inertia is estimated by observing the dynamics between changes in active power and resulting frequency deviations during normal operation of the system. The method is based on applying system identification on these measurements and extracting inertia values from identified models. Efficacy of the method is demonstrated on results of real measurements from the Icelandic power system.
TL;DR: The up-to-date development on flavonoid glycosides and their bioactivities are reviewed in this article, where the information about glycosyltransferase and metabolic flux in the production are discussed.
Abstract: Flavonoid glycosides are widespread in plants, acting as phytoalexin against biotic stress. They also have great health benefits to human body. Some of them have been used as medicines and nutraceuticals due to good bioactivities and low toxicities. Glycosylation affords structural complexity and diversity of flavonoids. It further modifies the bioactivity and bioavailability in vivo. In this article, the up-to-date development on flavonoid glycosides and their bioactivities are reviewed. As metabolic engineering is a promising strategy to produce flavonoid glycosides in the future, the information about glycosyltransferase and metabolic flux in flavonoid glycoside production are discussed.
TL;DR: An interference aware resource allocation for NB-IoT is proposed by formulating the rate maximization problem considering the overhead of control channels, time offset, and repetition factor and it is shown through the simulation results that the cooperative scheme provides up to 8% rate improvement and 17% energy reduction as compared with the non-cooperative scheme.
Abstract: Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is the prominent technology that fits the requirements of future IoT networks. However, due to the limited spectrum (i.e., 180 kHz) availability for NB-IoT systems, one of the key issues is how to efficiently use these resources to support massive IoT devices? Furthermore, in NB-IoT, to reduce the computation complexity and to provide coverage extension, the concept of time offset and repetition has been introduced. Considering these new features, the existing resource management schemes are no longer applicable. Moreover, the allocation of frequency band for NB-IoT within LTE band, or as a standalone, might not be synchronous in all the cells, resulting in intercell interference (ICI) from the neighboring cells’ LTE users or NB-IoT users (synchronous case). In this paper, first a theoretical framework for the upper bound on the achievable data rate is formulated in the presence of control channel and repetition factor. From the conducted analysis, it is shown that the maximum achievable data rates are 89.2 Kbps and 92 Kbps for downlink and uplink, respectively. Second, we propose an interference aware resource allocation for NB-IoT by formulating the rate maximization problem considering the overhead of control channels, time offset, and repetition factor. Due to the complexity of finding the globally optimum solution of the formulated problem, a sub-optimal solution with an iterative algorithm based on cooperative approaches is proposed. The proposed algorithm is then evaluated to investigate the impact of repetition factor, time offset and ICI on the NB-IoT data rate, and energy consumption. Furthermore, a detailed comparison between the non-cooperative, cooperative, and optimal scheme (i.e., no repetition) is also presented. It is shown through the simulation results that the cooperative scheme provides up to 8% rate improvement and 17% energy reduction as compared with the non-cooperative scheme.
Halifax1, Norwegian Meteorological Institute2, IFREMER3, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute4, National Research Council5, Danish Meteorological Institute6, Plymouth Marine Laboratory7, University of Liège8, Central Maine Community College9, National Institute of Oceanography, India10, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute11, University of Paris12, University of Reading13, National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology14, University of Málaga15, Met Office16, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton17, Tallinn University of Technology18, Centre national de la recherche scientifique19, University of the Balearic Islands20, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences21, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts22, Sofia University23, University of Bologna24, Fontys University of Applied Sciences25, National Oceanography Centre26
TL;DR: Sandrine Mulet, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Simon Good, Andrea Pisano, Eric Greiner, Maeva Monier, Emmanuel... as discussed by the authors The Essential Variables of Ocean Temperature and Salinity
Abstract: Introduction — s1 Chapter 1: Essential Variables — s4 1.1 Ocean temperature and salinity Sandrine Mulet, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Simon Good, Andrea Pisano, Eric Greiner, Maeva Monier, Emmanuel...
Ton Duc Thang University1, Flinders University2, Khulna University3, Broad Institute4, Khyber Medical University5, Brigham and Women's Hospital6, Integral University7, Tallinn University of Technology8, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy9, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova10, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies11, Federal University of Piauí12, University of Jordan13, University of Hyderabad14, Central University, India15, Polish Academy of Sciences16, King Abdulaziz University17
TL;DR: It is suggested that andrographolide can be one of the potential agents in the treatment of cancer in the near future.
TL;DR: The present paper attempts to address issues by reviewing recent literature in the field and by providing relevant analysis and recommendations on the benefit of using FOPID controllers.
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology1, ETH Zurich2, Laval University3, British Geological Survey4, Federation University Australia5, University College London6, Chulalongkorn University7, Chinese Academy of Sciences8, Institut national de la recherche scientifique9, Federal University of Bahia10, McGill University11, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University12, Royal Children's Hospital13, Max Planck Society14, University of Southampton15, National Scientific and Technical Research Council16, University of Nottingham17, Tallinn University of Technology18, Shimane University19, University of New England (Australia)20, University of Maine21, King's College London22, Edmund Mach Foundation23, Spanish National Research Council24
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the timing and onset of human disturbance in and around inland water ecosystems as revealed through sedimentary archives from around the world, and provide access to a wealth of information reflecting early human activities and their corresponding aquatic ecological shifts.
Abstract: Lake sediments constitute natural archives of past environmental changes. Historically, research has focused mainly on generating regional climate records, but records of human impacts caused by land use and exploitation of freshwater resources are now attracting scientific and management interests. Long-term environmental records are useful to establish ecosystem reference conditions, enabling comparisons with current environments and potentially allowing future trajectories to be more tightly constrained. Here we review the timing and onset of human disturbance in and around inland water ecosystems as revealed through sedimentary archives from around the world. Palaeolimnology provides access to a wealth of information reflecting early human activities and their corresponding aquatic ecological shifts. First human impacts on aquatic systems and their watersheds are highly variable in time and space. Landscape disturbance often constitutes the first anthropogenic signal in palaeolimnological records. While the effects of humans at the landscape level are relatively easily demonstrated, the earliest signals of human-induced changes in the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems need very careful investigation using multiple proxies. Additional studies will improve our understanding of linkages between human settlements, their exploitation of land and water resources, and the downstream effects on continental waters.
TL;DR: In older patients with COPD and comorbidities, remote monitoring of lung function by forced oscillation technique and cardiac parameters did not change TTFH and EQ‐5D and an exploratory analysis found telemedicine was associated with fewer repeat hospitalizations.
Abstract: Rationale: Early detection of COPD exacerbations using tele-monitoring of physiological variables might reduce the frequency of hospitalisation. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of home monitoring of lung mechanics by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) and cardiac parameters in older COPD patients with co-morbidities.
Methods: This multicentre, randomized clinical trial recruited 312 GOLD grade II-IV COPD patients (median age 71 years [IQR:66-76], 49.6% grade II, 50.4% grade III-IV), with a history of exacerbation in the previous year and at least one non-pulmonary co-morbidity. Patients were randomised to usual care (n=158) or tele-monitoring (n=154) and followed for 9 months. All tele-monitoring patients self-assessed lung mechanics daily and in a subgroup with congestive heart failure (n=37) cardiac parameters were also monitored. An algorithm identified deterioration, triggering a telephone contact to determine appropriate interventions.
Measurements and Main results: Primary outcomes were time to first hospitalisation (TTFH) and change in EQ-5D utility index score. Secondary outcomes included: rate of antibiotic/corticosteroid prescriptions, hospitalisation, CAT, PHQ-9 and MLHF questionnaire scores, quality-adjusted life years and healthcare costs. Tele-monitoring did not affect TTFH, EQ-5D utility index score, antibiotic prescriptions, hospitalization rate and questionnaire scores. In an exploratory analysis, tele-medicine was associated with fewer repeat hospitalizations (-54%, p=0.017).
Conclusions: In older COPD patients with co-morbidities remote monitoring of lung function by FOT and cardiac parameters did not change TTFH and EQ-5D.
Clinical trial registration available at www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID NCT01960907.
University of Mysore1, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research2, Karnataka State Open University3, Centre for Life4, Tallinn University of Technology5, Indian Council of Agricultural Research6, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy7, Mizoram University8, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics9
TL;DR: Comparison of CNP with Chitosan revealed that the very small dosage of C NP performed at par with recommended dose of ChitOSan for downy mildew management and induced systemic and durable resistance and showed significant downy Mildew protection under greenhouse conditions.
Abstract: Downy mildew of pearl millet caused by the biotrophic oomycete Sclerospora graminicola is the most devastating disease which impairs pearl millet production causing huge yield and monetary losses. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were synthesized from low molecular weight chitosan having higher degree of acetylation was evaluated for their efficacy against downy mildew disease of pearl millet caused by Sclerospora graminicola. Laboratory studies showed that CNP seed treatment significantly enhanced pearl millet seed germination percentage and seedling vigor compared to the control. Seed treatment with CNP induced systemic and durable resistance and showed significant downy mildew protection under greenhouse conditions in comparison to the untreated control. Seed treatment with CNP showed changes in gene expression profiles wherein expression of genes of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were highly upregulated. CNP treatment resulted in earlier and higher expression of the pathogenesis related proteins PR1 and PR5. Downy mildew protective effect offered by CNP was found to be modulated by nitric oxide and treatment with CNP along with NO inhibitors cPTIO completely abolished the gene expression of defense enzymes and PR proteins. Further, comparative analysis of CNP with Chitosan revealed that the very small dosage of CNP performed at par with recommended dose of Chitosan for downy mildew management.
TL;DR: The number of regional and national power systems with a high share of wind and solar power in the world is quickly increasing as mentioned in this paper, and the background for this development is improved technology, decreasin...
Abstract: The number of regional and national power systems with a high share of wind and solar power in the world is quickly increasing. The background for this development is improved technology, decreasin ...
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of rice husk biochar (RHB) application on soil microbial aspects and paddy productivity in field condition is scare, which provides fresh insight into the effect of RHB on rice production in field conditions.
Abstract: The study related to the effects of rice husk biochar (RHB) application on soil microbial aspects and paddy productivity in field condition is scare. Therefore, present study provides fresh insight into the effects of RHB on rice production in field conditions, with some updated information on soil microbial aspects. To study the impact of RHB and CSR-BIO (commercialized bio-formulation), on soil physico-chemical properties, soil microbial biomass (SMB) quantity and paddy productivity, four treatments were set up: control, RHB, CSR-BIO and RHB + CSR-BIO. The RHB with CSR-BIO both the amendments were applied at a rate of 10 t ha−1. Across treatments, the water holding capacity, total -C, -N, -P concentrations and soil moisture content were statistically higher in RHB and CSR-BIO treated soils over the control. The highest SMB-C, -N and -P (408.66 ± 0.57, 83.33 ± 2.08 and 25.66 ± 1.52 μg g−1 dry soil, respectively) was recorded in RHB + CSR-BIO treated soil. Across the sampling dates, SMB-C, -N, -P and inorganic-N (ammonium- and nitrate-N) concentrations were minimum on 35 day after transplantation (DAT) (tillering stage-active growth period), and maximum on 105 DAT (maturity stage). The paddy plant growth variables (panicle length, tiller number, rice grain and paddy straw yields) were found higher in treated plots compared to untreated (control) plots, and varied significantly (P ≤ 0.001) due to treatments. Among the various selected paddy agronomic variables, the application of RHB and CSR-BIO treatment was more pronounced to the yield of rice grains. Results indicate that an increase in the quantity of SMB due to RHB + CSR-BIO addition, improves the soil nutrient status and hence, paddy productivity in nutrient poor agriculture soils. It is suggested that RHB generation from rice husk biochar could be a sustainable crop residues waste management option to enhance the nutrient status, microbial biomass and paddy productivity of disturbed agriculture soils.
TL;DR: The importance of autophagy and its relevance in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer and the challenges associated with harnessing the autophagic potential of phytochemicals for cancer therapy are highlighted.
20 Jun 2018
TL;DR: This paper presents a systematic literature review of studies involving MAS and BCT as reconciling solutions and analyzes motivations, assumptions, requirements, strengths, and limitations presented in the current state of the art.
Abstract: Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) technology is widely used for the development of intelligent distributed systems that manage sensitive data (e.g., ambient assisted living, healthcare, energy trading). To foster accountability and trusted interactions, recent trends advocate the use of blockchain technologies (BCT) for MAS. Although most of these approaches have only started exploring the topic, there is an impending need for establishing a research road-map, as well as identifying scientific and technological challenges in this scope. As a first necessary step towards this goal, this paper presents a systematic literature review of studies involving MAS and BCT as reconciling solutions. Aiming at providing a comprehensive overview of their application domains, we analyze motivations, assumptions, requirements, strengths, and limitations presented in the current state of the art. Moreover, discussing the future challenges, we introduce our vision on how MAS and BCT could be combined in different application scenarios.
TL;DR: A new higher order Haar wavelet method (HOHWM) has been developed for solving differential and integro-differential equations allowing improvement of the accuracy and the rate of convergence of the solution.
TL;DR: In this article, a large-scale district heating system in Tallinn (Estonia) was analyzed with the help of the proposed methodology. And the authors evaluated the transition process dynamics and focused on district heating characteristics, which need to be improved.
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The number of regional and national power systems with a high share of wind and solar power in the world is quickly increasing as mentioned in this paper, and the background for this development is improved technology, decreasin...
Abstract: The number of regional and national power systems with a high share of wind and solar power in the world is quickly increasing. The background for this development is improved technology, decreasin ...
03 Aug 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrated room-temperature (RT) rechargeable FIBs using BaSnF4 as fluoride transporting solid electrolyte and investigated the electrochemical properties of two different electrochemical cells, Sn/BaSn...
Abstract: Fluoride ion batteries (FIBs) are among interesting electrochemical energy storage systems that are being considered as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). FIB offers high specific energy and energy density, thermal stability, and safety. Despite the advantages posed by the FIBs, several challenges need to be addressed to realize its full potential. We have been working on various aspects related to FIB with the aim of developing sustainable fluoride ion batteries. So far rechargeable FIBs have been demonstrated only at an elevated temperature like 150 °C and above. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate room-temperature (RT) rechargeable fluoride-ion batteries using BaSnF4 as fluoride transporting solid electrolyte. The high ionic conductivity of tetragonal BaSnF4 (3.5 × 10–4 S cm–1) enables the building of RT FIB. We built fluoride ion batteries using Sn and Zn as anodes and BiF3 as a cathode. We have investigated the electrochemical properties of two different electrochemical cells, Sn/BaSn...
University of Greifswald1, University of Szczecin2, University of Kiel3, University of Göttingen4, University of Białystok5, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań6, University of Gdańsk7, Polish Academy of Sciences8, Tallinn University of Technology9, British Antarctic Survey10, University of Latvia11, Metz12, Centre national de la recherche scientifique13
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed human-fire relationships throughout the Holocene and discussed how and to what extent human-driven fires affected the landscape transformation in the Central European Lowlands (CEL).
TL;DR: Understanding chemotherapy side effects may explain the lack of activity or the chemoresistant processes and it may help to set up strategies to improve the effectiveness of therapy.
Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the fourth cause of cancer-related death. We aimed to evaluate whether gemcitabine treatment shapes the gut microbiota in a model of PDAC xenografted mice. Pancreatic cancer xenograft mice were subjected to gemcitabine injection once per week for 3 weeks to assess the tumor volume as compared to control mice injected with normal saline solution. The composition of fecal microbiota, the activation of NF-kB pathway in cancer tissues and the serum metabolomics were further analyzed. Gemcitabine considerably decreases the proportion of Gram- positive Firmicutes (from about 39 to 17%) and the Gram- negative Bacteroidetes (from 38 to 17%) which are the two dominant phyla in the gut of tumor-bearing control mice. This downshift was replaced by an increase of Proteobacteria (Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila) from 15 up to 32% and Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia muciniphila) from 5 to 33% in the gut of drug-receiving mice. An overall increase in inflammation-associated bacteria was observed upon gemcitabine. Consistently, activation of the NF-kB canonical pathway was found in cancer tissues from gemcitabine-treated mice. Serum metabolomics revealed a significant decrease of the purine compounds inosine and xanthine, and a decreasing trend for their metabolically-related molecule hypoxanthine. Understanding chemotherapy side effects may explain the lack of activity or the chemoresistant processes and it may help to set up strategies to improve the effectiveness of therapy.
TL;DR: Both approaches demonstrate that homogeneous broadening has a linear-quadratic dependency on the inverse of the MAS spinning frequency and that, at the faster end of the spinning frequencies, the residual spectral line broadening becomes dominated by chemical shift distributions and susceptibility effects even for crystalline systems.