Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

About: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is a education organization based out in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Magnetization & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 7786 authors who have published 21742 publications receiving 622368 citations. The organization is also known as: TIFR.

Structure is lost incrementally during the unfolding of barstar

Abstract: Coincidental equilibrium unfolding transitions observed by multiple structural probes are taken to justify the modeling of protein unfolding as a two-state, N ⇌ U, cooperative process. However, for many of the large number of proteins that undergo apparently two-state equilibrium unfolding reactions, folding intermediates are detected in kinetic experiments. The small protein barstar is one such protein. Here the two-state model for equilibrium unfolding has been critically evaluated in barstar by estimating the intramolecular distance distribution by time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) methods, in which fluorescence decay kinetics are analyzed by the maximum entropy method (MEM). Using a mutant form of barstar containing only Trp 53 as the fluorescence donor and a thionitrobenzoic acid moiety attached to Cys 82 as the fluorescence acceptor, the distance between the donor and acceptor has been shown to increase incrementally with increasing denaturant concentration. Although other probes, such as circular dichroism and fluorescence intensity, suggest that the labeled protein undergoes two-state equilibrium unfolding, the TR-FRET probe clearly indicates multistate equilibrium unfolding. Native protein expands progressively through a continuum of native-like forms that achieve the dimensions of a molten globule, whose heterogeneity increases with increasing denaturant concentration and which appears to be separated from the unfolded ensemble by a free energy barrier.

Steady state, relaxation and first-passage properties of a run-and-tumble particle in one-dimension

Abstract: We investigate the motion of a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in one dimension. We find the exact probability distribution of the particle with and without diffusion on the infinite line, as well as in a finite interval. In the infinite domain, this probability distribution approaches a Gaussian form in the long-time limit, as in the case of a regular Brownian particle. At intermediate times, this distribution exhibits unexpected multi-modal forms. In a finite domain, the probability distribution reaches a steady state form with peaks at the boundaries, in contrast to a Brownian particle. We also study the relaxation to the steady state analytically. Finally we compute the survival probability of the RTP in a semi-infinite domain. In the finite interval, we compute the exit probability and the associated exit times. We provide numerical verifications of our analytical results.

Small hairy black holes in AdS 5 × S 5

Abstract: We study small hairy black holes in a consistent truncation of $ \mathcal{N} $ = 8 gauged supergravity that consists of a single charged scalar field interacting with the metric and a U(1) gauge field. Small very near extremal RNAdS black holes in this system are unstable to decay by superradiant emission. The end point of this instability is a small hairy black hole that we construct analytically in a perturbative expansion in its charge. Unlike their RNAdS counterparts, hairy black hole solutions exist all the way down to the BPS bound, demonstrating that $ \mathcal{N} $ = 4 Yang Mills theory has an $ \mathcal{O} $ (N 2) entropy at all energies above supersymmetry. At the BPS bound these black holes reduce to previously discussed regular, supersymmetric horizon free solitons. We use numerical methods to continue the construction of these solitons to large charges and find that the line of soliton solutions terminates at a singular solution S at a finite charge. We conjecture that a one parameter family of singular supersymmetric solutions, which emerges out of S, constitutes the BPS limit of hairy black holes at larger values of the charge. We analytically determine the near singularity behaviour of S, demonstrate that both the regular and singular solutions exhibit an infinite set of damped ‘self similar’ oscillations around S and analytically compute the frequency of these oscillations. At leading order in their charge, the thermodynamics of the small hairy black holes constructed in this paper turns out to be correctly reproduced by modeling these objects as a non interacting mix of an RNAdS black hole and the supersymmetric soliton in thermal equilibrium. Assuming that a similar non interacting model continues to apply upon turning on angular momentum, we also predict a rich family of rotating hairy black holes, including new hairy supersymmetric black holes. This analysis suggests interesting structure for the space of (yet to be constructed) hairy charged rotating black holes in AdS 5 × S 5, particularly in the near BPS limit.

Long-range and short-range dihadron angular correlations in central PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy of 2.76 TeV

Abstract: First measurements of dihadron correlations for charged particles are presented for central PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV over a broad range in relative pseudorapidity, Delta(eta), and the full range of relative azimuthal angle, Delta(phi). The data were collected with the CMS detector, at the LHC. A broadening of the away-side (Delta(phi) approximately pi) azimuthal correlation is observed at all Delta(eta), as compared to the measurements in pp collisions. Furthermore, long-range dihadron correlations in Delta(eta) are observed for particles with similar phi values. This phenomenon, also known as the "ridge", persists up to at least |Delta(eta)| = 4. For particles with transverse momenta (pt) of 2-4 GeV/c, the ridge is found to be most prominent when these particles are correlated with particles of pt = 2-6 GeV/c, and to be much reduced when paired with particles of pt = 10-12 GeV/c.

Calibration of the Large Area X-Ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) Instrument on board AstroSat

Abstract: We present the calibration and background model for the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) detectors on-board AstroSat. LAXPC instrument has three nominally identical detectors to achieve large collecting area. These detectors are independent of each other and in the event analysis mode, they record the arrival time and energy of each photon that is detected. The detectors have a time-resolution of 10 $\mu$s and a dead-time of about 42 $\mu$s. This makes LAXPC ideal for timing studies. The energy resolution and peak channel to energy mapping were obtained from calibration on ground using radioactive sources coupled with GEANT4 simulations of the detectors. The response matrix was further refined from observations of the Crab X-ray source after launch. At around 20 keV the energy resolution of detector is about 10--15\%, while the combined effective area of the 3 detectors is about 6000 cm$^2$.