Tata Memorial Hospital

About: Tata Memorial Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Mumbai, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Breast cancer. The organization has 3187 authors who have published 4636 publications receiving 109143 citations.

Dual tracer imaging approach in assessing tumor biology and heterogeneity in neuroendocrine tumors: its correlation with tumor proliferation index and possible multifaceted implications for personalized clinical management decisions, with focus on PRRT.

Abstract: The recent years have witnessed a rapid expansion and application of functional somatostatin receptor-targeted imaging and therapy in the clinical management of metastatic or inoperable neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This approach now plays a pivotal role in the clinical decision making of this group of patients, given the highly targeted and effective nature of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in tumors with substantial somatostatin cell surface receptor expression and its noted tolerability with minimal side effects. The popularity of the therapeutic option has steadily increased and is now frequently considered among the multimodal management strategies that include [1, 2]: (i) Cytoreductive surgery (if feasible), (ii) medical therapy (encompasses cold somatostatin analogs, targeted agents and chemotherapy), (iii) locoregional ablative procedures such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), selective hepatic transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), chemoembolization (TACE), selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT), and laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT). One of the salient decision-making factors for choosing the appropriate therapy has been the tumor grade, which is based upon the proliferation index (also known as Ki-67 labeling index, a marker for cellular proliferation). Some of the reasons PRRT is preferred over the newer targeted agents available (everolimus and sunitinib) include the cost of these new drugs, toxicity, and the need to remain on these drugs until progression, while PRRT is a one-off procedure completed in few sittings. In this article, we explore how functional molecular imaging correlates with the histopathological characteristics of a tumor and whether patient-specific, personalized medicine can be better employed in the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNET), based upon functional imaging information. Ideally, this imaging would provide a global picture of the lesions and the disease, contributing to selection of the correct treatment option and helping to define the disease prognosis.

Oligoclonal T-cell populations in an inflammatory pseudotumor of the pancreas possibly related to autoimmune pancreatitis: an immunohistochemical and molecular analysis

Abstract: Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPT), also known as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT), are benign inflammatory processes that may have an infectious etiology and are very rare in the pancreatico-biliary region. Recent studies suggest a biological distinction between IPT and IMT, the latter being a true neoplastic process. We describe a case of pancreatic IPT, originally diagnosed as malignancy, which presumably recurred 4 months after the operation. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a smooth muscle actin and CD68-positive spindle cell population and a more abundant mononuclear inflammatory cell population, primarily composed of macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Inflammatory cells were the source of connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 and tended to accumulate around nerves and blood vessels, as well as around residual pancreatic parenchymal elements, where an intense angiogenetic response was detected. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the tumor showed no chromosomal imbalances. Polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement revealed an oligoclonal pattern. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of aggressive cases of IPT could be related to the development of an intense and self-maintaining immune response, with the emergence of clonal populations of T-lymphocytes. The relation of the pancreatic IPT to autoimmune pancreatitis is emphasized.

Quantitative Assessment of the Hepatic Metabolic Volume Product in Patients with Diffuse Hepatic Steatosis and Normal Controls Through Use of FDG-PET and MR Imaging: A Novel Concept

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare hepatic standardized uptake values (SUVs) and hepatic metabolic volumetric products (HMVP) between patients of diffuse hepatic steatosis and control subjects with normal livers. Twenty-seven subjects were included in the study (13 men and 14 women; age range, 34–72 years). All had 18F-2-fluoro-2-D-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with an interscan interval of 0–5 months. Twelve of 27 subjects had diffuse hepatic steatosis on MRI. The remaining 15 were selected as age-matched controls based on normal liver parenchyma on MRI. Mean and maximum hepatic SUVs were calculated for both patient groups on FDG-PET images. Hepatic volumes were measured from MRI. HMVP in each subject was subsequently calculated by multiplication of hepatic volume by mean hepatic SUV. HMVPs as well as mean and maximum hepatic SUVs were compared between the two study groups. HMVPs, mean hepatic SUVs, and maximum hepatic SUVs were greater (statistically significant, p < 0.05) in subjects with diffuse hepatic steatosis compared to those in the control group. The increase in HMVP is the result of increased hepatic metabolic activity likely related to the diffuse hepatic steatosis. The active inflammatory process related to the diffuse hepatic steatosis is the probable explanation for the increase in hepatic metabolic activity on FDG-PET study.

Epidemiological review of laryngeal cancer: An Indian perspective.

Abstract: Background: Laryngeal cancer is one of the 10 leading causes of cancer in Indian men. The association of laryngeal cancer and tobacco smoking is well-established, but the peculiarities such as wide variation of disease distribution and survival, role of tobacco chewing, indoor air pollution, and dietary factors in laryngeal cancer causation needs to be understood. In this study, we review the descriptive and observational epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in India. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE and Web of science electronic database was searched from January 1995 to December 2013, using the using keywords laryngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer outcome, epidemiology, etiological factor and their corresponding Mesh terms were used in combination like OR, AND. Two authors independently selected studies published in English and conducted in India. A total of 15 studies were found to be relevant and eligible for this review. Results: In India, laryngeal cancer contributes to approximately 3-6% of all cancers in men. The age-adjusted incidence rate of cancer larynx in males varies widely among registries, highest is 8.18 per 100,000 in Kamprup Urban District and the lowest is 1.26 per 100,000 in Nagaland. The 5-year survival for laryngeal cancer in India is approximately 28%. Indian studies show tobacco, alcohol, long-term exposure to indoor air pollution, spicy food, and nonvegetarian diet as risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Conclusion: There is wide regional variation in the incidence of laryngeal cancer in India. Survival rates of laryngeal carcinoma are much lower as compared to other Asian countries. Studies conducted in India to identify important risk factors of laryngeal cancer are very limited, especially on diet and indoor air pollution. Hence, more research is required for identifying the etiological factors and development of scientifically sound laryngeal cancer prevention programs.