Showing papers by "Technion – Israel Institute of Technology published in 1977"
TL;DR: The compression ratio achieved by the proposed universal code uniformly approaches the lower bounds on the compression ratios attainable by block-to-variable codes and variable- to-block codes designed to match a completely specified source.
Abstract: A universal algorithm for sequential data compression is presented. Its performance is investigated with respect to a nonprobabilistic model of constrained sources. The compression ratio achieved by the proposed universal code uniformly approaches the lower bounds on the compression ratios attainable by block-to-variable codes and variable-to-block codes designed to match a completely specified source.
5,844 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on feedback as a necessary condition for goals to affect performance and predicted that feedback and goals would be interactively related to performance, and found that the individual differences in self-goals were significantly higher in the feedback group than in the no feedback group.
Abstract: : The study focused on feedback as a necessary condition for goals to affect performance. It was predicted that feedback and goals would be interactively related to performance. This prediction compliments findings by Locke and his colleagues that knowledge alone is not a sufficient condition for effective performance. Also, it was suggested that the interaction of feedback, and environmental attribute and self goals, an individual characteristic, be thought of in terms of an individual x environment interaction model. In that sense, it was hypothesized that feedback would facilitate the display of individual differences in self-set goals and hence, the self-set goals-performance relationship. Results supported the hypothesis by indicating that the individual differences in self-goals were significantly higher in the feedback group (N = 38), than in the no feedback group (N = 48), and that it was in the feedback condition that the relationship between goals and performance (r = .60) was significantly higher than in the no feedback (r = -.01). (Author)
356 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a rational phenomenological theory of fatigue life prediction under arbitrary variation of cycle amplitude is presented, based on the concept of damage curve families which are defined in terms of residual lifetimes for two stage cyclic loadings, and on an equivalent loading postulate.
291 citations
TL;DR: In this article, (-)-deprenyl, a fast-acting selective monoamine-oxidase-B inhibitor without a "cheese effect", was given to 41 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who were receiving maximum tolerated doses of levodopa either alone or combined with carbidopa ("Sinemet").
276 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that Subunit III mediates reduction of P,,,+ by plastocyanin in Photosystem I and suggested that a unit of about 20 chlorophyll a molecules is specifically associated with the reaction center protein 02, = 70,000) in the vicinity of PToO.
272 citations
TL;DR: The effect of three fillers (ground limestone, dolomite and basalt) on the strength of cement mortars was studied on 1:2.75 mixes having a w/c ratio of 0.70 as mentioned in this paper.
188 citations
TL;DR: Optimality is proved by showing that every balanced binary sequence has at least two distinct out-of-phase correlation values which are at least as large as those obtained here.
Abstract: The construction of a class of balanced binary sequences with optimal autocorrelation properties is described. Given any odd prime p and any positive integer m , a balanced ( \pm 1) binary sequence of length p^{m} - 1 whose cyclic autocorrelation function c (\tau) satisfies c (0) = p^{m} - 1 , and, for \tau
eq 0, c (\tau) = +2 or -2 when (p^{m} - 1)/2 is odd, and c(\tau) = 0 or -4 when (p^{m} - 1)/2 is even is constructed. Optimality is proved by showing that every balanced binary sequence has at least two distinct out-of-phase correlation values which are at least as large as those obtained here.
180 citations
TL;DR: Basic analytical models for problems of dynamic and quasi-static routing in data-communication networks are introduced and control and estimation methods are used to construct algorithms for the solution of the routing problem.
Abstract: Basic analytical models for problems of dynamic and quasi-static routing in data-communication networks are introduced. The models are intended to handle the quantities of interest in an algorithmic form, and as such require only a minimal number of assumptions. Control and estimation methods are used to construct algorithms for the solution of the routing problem.
167 citations
TL;DR: Examples are used to show: (1) that the value of (hn) may be a function of the state of the search as well as the available heuristic information and (2) that there exist admissible search algorithms which can not be simulated by any A ∗ algorithm.
158 citations
TL;DR: Hydrologic simulation models are calibrated by comparing observed data with data generated by the models using an objective function adopted for that purpose and a set of data which is a subset of all data available or observable.
126 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of intraparticle forced convection on a heterogeneous reaction within a porous catalytic pellet is examined, and it is found that an appreciable enhancement of the catalyst performance can be expected for liquid-phase reactions on coarse-grained particles.
TL;DR: How still sharper bounds may be generated based on the simple idea of sequentially applying the classic bounds to smaller and smaller subintervals of the range of the random variable is indicated.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the determination of tight lower and upper bounds on the expectation of a convex function of a random variable. The classic bounds are those of Jensen and Edmundson-Madansky and were recently generalized by Ben-Tal and Hochman. This paper indicates how still sharper bounds may be generated based on the simple idea of sequentially applying the classic bounds to smaller and smaller subintervals of the range of the random variable. The bounds are applicable in the multivariate case if the random variables are independent. In the dependent case bounds based on the Edmundson-Madansky inequality are not available; however, bounds may be developed using the conditional form of Jensen's inequality. We give some examples to illustrate the geometrical interpretation and the calculations involved in the numerical determination of the new bounds. Special attention is given to the problem of maximizing a nonlinear program that has a stochastic objective function.
TL;DR: This paper introduces the basic notions concerning generation of ω-languages by means ofπ�-grammars and their recognition by ω -automata with various recognition modes and several decidability results are established.
TL;DR: Experiments with epithelial kidney cells from 5-day-old mice indicate that capacity for excision repair may depend on cell type and its origin, and that DNA repair capacity is impaired in cells obtained from embryos at late stages of development.
TL;DR: In this paper, a paramagnetic (I)-ferromagnetic (II)-sinusoidal (III) phase diagram near a Lifshitz point is studied for the case of uniaxial magnetization.
Abstract: A paramagnetic (I)-ferromagnetic (II)-sinusoidal (III) phase diagram near a Lifshitz point is studied for the case of uniaxial magnetization. The shape of the phase diagram in the vicinity of this point is determined. It is found that the II \ensuremath{\rightleftarrows} III phase transition line is tangent to the order-disorder (I \ensuremath{\rightleftarrows} II and I \ensuremath{\rightleftarrows} III) transition line at the Lifshitz point. The II \ensuremath{\rightleftarrows} III phase transition is shown to be first order, with latent heat and metastability regions. The behavior of magnetic susceptibility is determined. Binary alloy systems are suggested in which the considered type of phase diagram may be expected.
TL;DR: The most important factor responsible for superplastic behavior was found to be the very fine grain size as mentioned in this paper, which is in excellent agreement with the theory of grain boundary sliding accommodated by dislocation motion.
Abstract: The alloy Ti-6-Al-4V deforms superplastically in the temperature range 750 to 950° The most important factor which is responsible for superplastic behavior was found to be the very fine grain size. Strain rate has no direct effect on superplasticity, however when the strain rate is very low (approximately 2 × 10 s), prolonged exposure to high temperature causes grain growth and early failure. The strain rate sensitivity factorm = 0.5 and the apparent activation energyAH = 45,000 cal/mole, which is approximately the same as the activation energy for grain boundary self diffusion of titanium. Both values are independent of strain rate within the range 10 - 2.5 × 10 s. All the experimental points fall in a straight line when plotted as log (ekTd*
2/DgbGb3) vs log (σ/G) with a slopen = l/m = 2. This is in excellent agreement with the theory of grain boundary sliding accommodated by dislocation motion.
01 Jun 1977
TL;DR: This paper considers the case where such an assumption is not acceptable, and presents an efficient algorithm for the solution of the shortest route problem in networks with time dependent lengths of edges and parking regulations at the nodes.
Abstract: Few algorithms have been proposed for the solution of the shortest route problem with time dependent lengths of edges. These algorithms are valid only under the assumption that parking in the nodes is unlimited and any desirable delay in departure time from a given node is permitted. This paper considers the case where such an assumption is not acceptable, and presents an efficient algorithm for the solution of the shortest route problem in networks with time dependent lengths of edges and parking regulations at the nodes. Some other possible extensions are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive treatment of some recent developments in the interpretation of Hund's rule is discussed, and the ground configuration of the carbon atom using Slater-type orbitals is reviewed.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a comprehensive treatment of some recent developments in the interpretation of Hund's rule. This rule can be considered as an ordering principle for the ground configuration, or at best, as a criterion for the lowest term of any configuration. The maximal formulation attempts to use the Hund's rule as a general ordering principle for any configuration. Experimentally, Hund's rule is highly reliable so far as the ground state is concerned. It is, however, not nearly as dependable for the ordering of higher terms in the configuration. The most restrictive formulation of Hund's rule states that in a configuration of equivalent electrons the deepest lying term corresponds to the highest possible value of the total spin. Generalizations of this rule to the ground state corresponding to configurations of nonequivalent electrons, as well as using it to predict the ordering of all the terms corresponding to a given configuration have been discussed. In order to illustrate quantitatively the results of scaling with reference to the interpretation of Hund's rule, the ground configuration of the carbon atom using Slater-type orbitals are reviewed.
TL;DR: It is shown, in addition to the examples cited above, that normal meiosis may often serve as an early marker for normal differentiation, and that approximately 20% of male-sterile mutations are meiotic mutants.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that generalized means and generalized convex functions are in fact ordinary arithmetic means and ordinary convex function, respectively, defined on linear spaces with suitably chosen operations of addition and multiplication.
Abstract: Properties of generalized convex functions, defined in terms of the generalized means introduced by Hardy, Littlewood, and Polya, are easily obtained by showing that generalized means and generalized convex functions are in fact ordinary arithmetic means and ordinary convex functions, respectively, defined on linear spaces with suitably chosen operations of addition and multiplication. The results are applied to some problems in statistical decision theory.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a model of the flank wear of cutting tools is developed by using linear control theory, where the wear process is treated as a feedback process, whereby the progressive wear raises the cutting forces and temperature thereby increasing the thermally activated wear rate, and contributes to the mechanically activated wear.
Abstract: A model of the flank wear of cutting tools is developed by using linear control theory. The flank wear is assumed to consist of a mechanically activated and a thermally activated component. The wear process is mathematicall y treated as a feedback process, whereby the progressive wear raises the cutting forces and temperature thereby increasing the thermally activated wear-rate, and contributes to the mechanically activated wear. A mathematical expression for the flank wear growth is derived and shown to be consistent with experimental results. The experimental data is fitted to the wear model for calculat ing the mechanical wear coefficient and activation energy for the thermally activated wear. The model yielded a new tool-life equation which is valid over a wider range of speed than Taylor tool-life equation.
Patent•
10 May 1977TL;DR: In this paper, a method and reagent means for the determination of small quantities of chemical compounds in man, animal and plants by a specific binding assay technique is presented. The method involves the utilization of a labelling constituent comprising a conjugate of a labeling substance and a binding component being one or more metal atoms which can be easily determined.
Abstract: A method and reagent means for the determination of small quantities of chemical compounds in man, animal and plants by a specific binding assay technique. The method involves the utilization of a labelling constituent comprising a conjugate of a labelling substance and a binding component said labelling substance being one or more metal atoms which can be easily determined. The labelling constituents are selected from various metalo organic derivatives or metal coordination complexes. The method is very specific and sensitive and can be successfully utilized for the determination of haptens selected from various groups such as alkaloids, barbiturates, steroids, cannabinoids, vitamins, aminoacids, tranquilizers, sugars, penicillins, etc.
TL;DR: In this paper, an extended model for the turbulence energy equation is derived and applied to the case of an axially symmetrical free jet, and the results are compared with experimental data.
TL;DR: In an intelligent man-machine control system, control theory measures describing the operator's tracking performance can provide useful information concerning an operator's attentional slate, and this information may be used to implement adaptive aiding procedures.
Abstract: In an intelligent man-machine control system, control theory measures describing the operator's tracking performance can provide useful information concerning an operator's attentional slate. This ...
Book•
15 Jan 1977TL;DR: The method allows for the inclusion of additional information, such as uncertainties in the data and other constraints given by the general phenomenology of the experiment or theory, and can be applied to the calculation of numerical derivatives and integrals of data points.
TL;DR: Electrocardiographic recording on magnetic tape with a Holter electrocardiocorder was performed during gastroscopy on 55 consecutive patients, and all changes disappeared spontaneously after the procedure.
Abstract: Continuous electrocardiographic recording on magnetic tape with a Holter electrocardiocorder was performed during gastroscopy on 55 consecutive patients. ECG recording was begun before premedication and was terminated 1 hr after the withdrawal of the gastroscope. The ECG changes during the different stages of the procedure were separately analyzed: 38.18% of patients had E.C.G. changes—sinus tachycardia (20%), ST-T changes (23.6%), ventricular and atrial premature beats (20.0% and 7.27%, respectively), atrial premature beats with aberrant conduction (3.6%), and coronary sinus rhythm (1.8%). All changes disappeared spontaneously after the procedure. Although relatively safe, gastroscopy requires careful consideration of the risks, especially in severe cardiac patients.
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of the methyl esters of N -methoxycarbonyl- and N -benzyloxy carbonylaziridine-2-carboxylic acid by reacting methyl 2-chloro- N -carbalkoxyglycinate 1 with diazomethane is described.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: Whether neuronal peptides are synthesized by ribosomal mechanisms followed by posttranslational cleavage, or by enzymatic processes similar to those of the conventional neurotransmitters, has significance with regard to the cell biology and “functional—morphological” organization of these neurons.
Abstract: The general acceptance of the idea that peptides represent a new class of intercellular messengers in the nervous system (i.e., neurotransmitters and neuromodulators) naturally raises the question whether the biosynthetic mechanisms for peptides in “peptidergic” neurons (i.e., neurons that synthesize peptides for release as intercellular messengers) confer distinct properties on these neurons. One of the central issues is whether neuronal peptides are synthesized by ribosomal mechanisms followed by posttranslational cleavage, or by enzymatic (“synthetase”) processes similar to those of the conventional neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, biogenic amines). The answer to this question has significance with regard to the cell biology and “functional—morphological” organization of these neurons. A ribosomal mechanism would imply that the biosynthetic process would be restricted to the neuronal perikaryon, whereas an enzymatic mechanism would allow biosynthesis and its regulation to occur at the neuron’s site of release in the axon terminal. In either case, axonal transport mechanisms would be intimately involved. In the former case, however, the transported material would be the presynthesized peptides, whereas in the latter, the biosynthetic enzyme would be transported.