Technische Universität Darmstadt

About: Technische Universität Darmstadt is a education organization based out in Darmstadt, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Context (language use). The organization has 17316 authors who have published 40619 publications receiving 937916 citations. The organization is also known as: Darmstadt University of Technology & University of Darmstadt.

Factors determining DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice in G2 phase.

Abstract: DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) function to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in G2 phase with HR preferentially repairing heterochromatin-associated DSBs (HC-DSBs). Here, we examine the regulation of repair pathway usage at two-ended DSBs in G2. We identify the speed of DSB repair as a major component influencing repair pathway usage showing that DNA damage and chromatin complexity are factors influencing DSB repair rate and pathway choice. Loss of NHEJ proteins also slows DSB repair allowing increased resection. However, expression of an autophosphorylation-defective DNA-PKcs mutant, which binds DSBs but precludes the completion of NHEJ, dramatically reduces DSB end resection at all DSBs. In contrast, loss of HR does not impair repair by NHEJ although CtIP-dependent end resection precludes NHEJ usage. We propose that NHEJ initially attempts to repair DSBs and, if rapid rejoining does not ensue, then resection occurs promoting repair by HR. Finally, we identify novel roles for ATM in regulating DSB end resection; an indirect role in promoting KAP-1-dependent chromatin relaxation and a direct role in phosphorylating and activating CtIP.

Equation of state and neutron star properties constrained by nuclear physics and observation

Abstract: Microscopic calculations of neutron matter based on nuclear interactions derived from chiral effective field theory, combined with the recent observation of a 1.97 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot neutron star, constrain the equation of state of neutron-rich matter at sub-and supranuclear densities. We discuss in detail the allowed equations of state and the impact of our results on the structure of neutron stars, the crust-core transition density, and the nuclear symmetry energy. In particular, we show that the predicted range for neutron star radii is robust. For use in astrophysical simulations, we provide detailed numerical tables for a representative set of equations of state consistent with these constraints.

Proton-powered turbine of a plant motor

Abstract: ATP synthases are enzymes that can work in two directions to catalyse either the synthesis or breakdown of ATP, and they constitute the smallest rotary motors in biology The flow of protons propels the rotation1 of a membrane-spanning complex of identical protein subunits, the number of which determines the efficiency of energy conversion This proton-powered turbine is predicted to consist of 12 subunits2,3,4, based on data for Escherichia coli5 The yeast mitochondrial enzyme, however, has only 10 subunits6 We have imaged the ATP synthase from leaf chloroplasts by using atomic force microscopy and, surprisingly, find that its turbine has 14 subunits, arranged in a cylindrical ring

COFI RANK - Maximum Margin Matrix Factorization for Collaborative Ranking

Abstract: In this paper, we consider collaborative filtering as a ranking problem. We present a method which uses Maximum Margin Matrix Factorization and optimizes ranking instead of rating. We employ structured output prediction to optimize directly for ranking scores. Experimental results show that our method gives very good ranking scores and scales well on collaborative filtering tasks.