Tehran University of Medical Sciences

About: Tehran University of Medical Sciences is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 35661 authors who have published 57234 publications receiving 878523 citations. The organization is also known as: TUMS.

Proteinase-activated receptor 2 modulates neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis

Abstract: The proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are widely recognized for their modulatory properties of inflammation and neurodegeneration We investigated the role of PAR2 in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice PAR2 expression was increased on astrocytes and infiltrating macrophages in human MS and murine EAE central nervous system (CNS) white matter (P < 005) Macrophages and astrocytes from PAR2 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice exhibited differential immune gene expression with PAR2 KO macrophages showing significantly higher interleukin 10 production after lipopolysaccharide stimulation (P < 0001) PAR2 activation in macrophages resulted in the release of soluble oligodendrocyte cytotoxins (P < 001) Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–induced EAE caused more severe inflammatory gene expression in the CNS of PAR2 WT animals (P < 005), together with enhanced T cell proliferation and interferon γ production (P < 005), compared with KO littermates Indeed, PAR2 WT animals showed markedly greater microglial activation and T lymphocyte infiltration accompanied by worsened demyelination and axonal injury in the CNS compared with their PAR2 KO littermates Enhanced neuropathological changes were associated with a more severe progressive relapsing disease phenotype (P < 0001) in WT animals These findings reveal previously unreported pathogenic interactions between CNS PAR2 expression and neuroinflammation with ensuing demyelination and axonal injury

High prevalence of coeliac disease in apparently healthy Iranian blood donors.

Abstract: Background/objectiveStudies about the prevalence of coeliac disease in countries in western Asia are scarce and there is no study on the prevalence of coeliac disease in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of coeliac in healthy, Iranian, blood donors.Study design and methodsB

Biocompatibility and nanostructured materials: applications in nanomedicine.

Abstract: There has been huge interest in applications of nanomaterials in biomedical science, including diagnosis, drug delivery, and development of human organs. Number of these nanomaterials has been already studied in human or at pre-clinical trial. There is a growing concern on potential toxicity and adverse effects of nanomaterials on human health, including lack of standard method of assessment of toxicology of these materials. Our investigation indicated that the bare and small nanoparticle have higher toxicity than modified and bulk materials, respectively. In addition, spherical nanoparticles have less toxicity than rod nanoparticles due to immune response of body.

A high performance supercapacitor based on a ceria/graphene nanocomposite synthesized by a facile sonochemical method

Abstract: In this work, we have developed a novel nanocomposite material of ceria (CeO2)–reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by a sonochemical route for application as a symmetric supercapacitor. CeO2 nanoparticles have been anchored on RGO sheets in order to maximize the specific capacitances of these materials. Nanostructure studies and electrochemical performances of the CeO2 nanoparticles on the RGO sheets were systematically investigated. The morphology and crystalline structure of the nanocomposites were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite electrodes were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The CeO2–RGO nanocomposite electrodes exhibited excellent supercapacitive behavior with a high specific capacitance of (211 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 and 185 F g−1 at 2.0 A g−1), high rate capability and good reversibility. The cycling stability of the electrode was measured by a continuous cyclic voltammetry (CCV) technique. Upon 4000 cycles, the specific capacitance of the electrode increases and reaches a maximum value of 105.6% of the initial value.