Showing papers by "Tel Aviv University published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop a theory of demand for insurance that emphasizes the interaction between market insurance, self-insurance, and self-protection, and show that under certain conditions the latter may lead to a reduction in the probabilities of hazardous events.
Abstract: The article develops a theory of demand for insurance that emphasizes the interaction between market insurance, “self-insurance,” and “self-protection.” The effects of changes in “prices,” income, and other variables on the demand for these alternative forms of insurance are alalyzed using the “state preference” approach to behavior under uncertainty. Market insurance and self-insurance are shown to be substitutes, but market insurance and self-protection can be complements. The analysis challenges the notion that “moral hazard” is an inevitable consequence of market insurance, by showing that under certain conditions the latter may lead to a reduction in the probabilities of hazardous events.
1,140 citations
TL;DR: Five cases of mastitis characterized by granulomas and abscess formation are presented and this type of lesion appears to represent a well defined entity, granulomatous mastitis, which differs from the various other types ofmastitis previously described.
Abstract: Five cases of mastitis characterized by granulomas and abscess formation are presented Clinically the patients were all suspected of having malignant tumors This type of lesion appears to represent a well defined entity, granulomatous mastitis, which differs from the various other types of mastitis previously described
595 citations
TL;DR: A method of generating non-linear transformations for increasing the rate and expanding the domain of convergence of sequences is presented, which represent in a certain sense a generalization of the well-known transformations due to Shanks and are more efficient.
Abstract: A method of generating non-linear transformations for increasing the rate and expanding the domain of convergence of sequences is presented. These transformations represent in a certain sense a generalization of the well-known transformations due to Shanks, and in many cases are more efficient. The transformations would seem to have important application in computing results from formal solutions to problems in applied mathematics when these solutions are obtained in the form of series or sequences having poor convergence. An indication is also given of application to the“evaluation”of divergent formal solutions.
375 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the following theorem is proved: if A and B are twoPI-algebras over a field F, then A⊗ B is a PI-algebra.
Abstract: The following theorem is proved: ifA andB are twoPI-algebras over a fieldF, thenA⊗ F B is aPI-algebra.
277 citations
TL;DR: In agreement with Wright (1945) , low demographic mobility proves to be the most crucial factor for the evolution of altruistic traits.
216 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define mean speed of a molecule as function defined by equation (8): spatial increment and mean free path as a modified Bessel Function of the order of the mean speed.
189 citations
TL;DR: By means of the enrichment culture technique, a mixed population of microorganisms was obtained which catalyzed the dispersion of crude oil in supplemented sea water and one isolate, RAG-1, has been tentatively characterized as a member of the genus Arthrobacter.
Abstract: By means of the enrichment culture technique, a mixed population of microorganisms was obtained which catalyzed the dispersion of crude oil in supplemented sea water. From this enrichment culture, eight pure cultures were isolated and studied. Only one of the isolates (RAG-1) brought about a significant dispersion of crude oil. RAG-1 has been tentatively characterized as a member of the genus Arthrobacter. The other seven isolates gave rise to colonies on supplemented oil agar, but were neither able to disperse oil nor to stimulate the dispersion catalyzed by RAG-1. The dispersion of crude oil by either RAG-1 or the enrichment culture was absolutely dependent on exogenous sources of nitrogen and phosphorous and completely inhibited by 10(-2)m azide. The increase in cell number of RAG-1 was directly proportional to the concentration of crude oil added to the medium over the range 0.05 to 1.0 mg/ml. Within this linear region, 1.0 mg of crude oil yielded 9 x 10(7) cells and approximately 65% of the oil was converted into a nonbenzene extractable form. Accompanying the emulsification was a decrease in the pH from 7.6 to 5.0. Acidic conditions, however, were neither necessary nor sufficient for oil dispersion. When sea water was supplemented with 0.029 mm K(2)HPO(4) and 3.8 mm (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and inoculated with RAG-1, oil dispersion occurred within 1 day. This dispersion could also be brought about by the supernatant following separation of the cells from the medium. Similarly, the supernatant obtained following growth of RAG-1 on hexadecane was capable of emulsifying crude oil in 60 min.
180 citations
177 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new C*-algebra,A, for canonical commutation relations, both in the case of finite and infinite number of degrees of freedom, is defined, based on the existence and uniqueness of the factor type II1 representation.
Abstract: A newC*-algebra,A, for canonical commutation relations, both in the case of finite and infinite number of degrees of freedom, is defined. It has the property that to each, not necessarily continuous, representation of CCR there corresponds a representation ofA. The definition ofA is based on the existence and uniqueness of the factor type II1 representation. Some continuity properties of separable factor representations are proved.
177 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general approach for constructing hybrid schemes in order to solve quasilinear hyperbolic initial value problems is presented, where hybrid schemes are constructed from a first-order accuracy operator which dominates in shock regions and a higher-order operator which produces more accurate results in smooth regions.
155 citations
TL;DR: Compared with other dinucleotides, ADP was found to be highly specific for the acceleration of the decay, having an apparent Km of 1.1·10−6 M for ADP, which was obtained in the presence of phosphate.
TL;DR: The effect of the antibiotic, cycloheximide, on initiation of protein synthesis is interpreted in light of the GSSG effect, and a scheme for the behavior of Factor Q inprotein synthesis is proposed.
TL;DR: In this article, elementary school students in a series of team competitions were asked to identify causality for having participated in the games to the prizes and consequently reproted less enjoyment of the games as such.
TL;DR: The cytochrome b6-f particle from chloroplasts shows similarities with the cy tochrome b-c1 complex (Complex III) from mitochondria and some implications for the operation of photosynthetic electron transport pathways are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the radiative decay of excited electronic states of a large molecule which correspond to the dense intermediate level spacing situation, encountered for the second excited singlet state of some aromatic hydrocarbons, and derived a general expression for the time and energy resolved decay spectrum, which yields information concerning the decay pattern, for the fluorescence lifetime and for corresponding quantum yields, in different spectral regions.
Abstract: In this paper we consider the radiative decay of excited electronic states of a large molecule which correspond to the dense intermediate level spacing situation, encountered for the second excited singlet state of some aromatic hydrocarbons, which is separated from the first excited singlet state by a small (3000 to 4000 cm$^{-1}$) electronic energy gap. Intramolecular interstate coupling and the interaction with the radiation field were handled by a self-consistent extension of the Wigner-Weisskopf approximation. We were able to derive a general expression for the time and energy resolved decay spectrum of a highly excited state of a large molecule, which yields information concerning the decay pattern, for the fluorescence lifetime(s) and for the corresponding quantum yields, in different spectral regions. Weak and strong coupling limits can be distinguished and defined in terms of the magnitude of the non-adiabatic interstate coupling terms relative to the spacing and the width of the zero states. In the intermediate level spacing in a large molecule, the radiative decay of the excited state should be considered in terms of the decay of a finite set of coupled levels and intramolecular relaxation between these states does not occur in the 'isolated' molecule. Resonance fluorescence is amenable to experimental observation from the second excited singlet state of a large molecule which corresponds to this intermediate case. The weak and strong coupling situations can be experimentally distinguished on the basis of energy resolved lifetime measurements. General criteria have been provided for the observation of quantum interference effects in the radiative decay for different coupling schemes. The present theoretical results provide a proper interpretation of some recent experimental data concerning the radiative decay of the second excited state of some aromatic molecules (3,4-benzpyrene and naphthalene).
TL;DR: It is suggested that lactase in man is not an adaptable enzyme and that after an initial adjustment period the patients tolerated their considerable milk intake remarkably well.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of stochastic differential equations in which control variables occur in the drift coefficient. And they describe a saddle point in pure strategies, and a scheme for optimal stopping in N-person games with perfect observation.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed and interpreted the literature of experimental studies whose purposes were to determine rules of generation that transform a child's cognitive organization at one stage of development into that of the next, more advanced stage.
TL;DR: The transmission of the metabolic defect in this family is compatible with the recessive X -linked mode of inheritance and in vitro erythrocyte PRPP generation was found.
TL;DR: A neomycin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 unable to grow on Krebs cycle intermediates has been isolated and retained its respiratory capacity, but lacked membrane Mg(2+)-Ca(2-)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity.
Abstract: A neomycin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 unable to grow on Krebs cycle intermediates has been isolated. The mutant retained its respiratory capacity, but lacked membrane Mg2+-Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity (EC 3.6.1.3).
TL;DR: In this article, 12 schizophrenic patients were treated with large doses of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, and the effect of pre-treatment urinary excretion of total cateoholamines and 3methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG).
Abstract: 12 schizophrenic patients were treated with large doses of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. 5 patients were much improved and 3 patients showed some improvements. A striking correlation was noted between the effect of propranolol and of pre-treatment urinary excretion of total cateoholamines and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG).
TL;DR: Both prostaglandins, when added to human plasma in vitro, were found to become bound mainly to plasma albumin, which is similar to that of bovine albumins.
Abstract: 1. The binding of prostaglandin A2 and prostaglandin F2α to human plasma proteins was investigated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Both prostaglandins, when added to human plasma in vitro, were found to become bound mainly to plasma albumin. 2. The extent of binding of prostaglandins added to human plasma in low to moderate concentrations was found to be approx. 88, 73 and 58% for prostaglandins A2, E2 and F2α respectively. The order of affinities for the binding of the three prostaglandins to albumin appear to be A2>E2>F2α. 3. The apparent association constants for the binding of these prostaglandins to human serum albumin were estimated to be approx. 4.8×104, 2.4×104 and 0.9×104 litre/mol for prostaglandins A2, E2 and F2α respectively. The results are compared with previously reported association constants for the binding of long-chain fatty acids to both human and bovine albumins.
TL;DR: In this paper, tunable dye lasers were used to monitor the two-photon absorption spectra of crystalline anthracene and of the Anthracene molecule in solution in the energy range 28800·-42000 cm −1.
TL;DR: In this article, two types of joking frames, setting-specific and category-routinized, are distinguished, and the isolation of conditions which lead to the establishment, maintenance, and destruction of these frames during interaction is discussed.
Abstract: In considering expressive interaction in two distinct cultural settings, a sheltered workshop in Israel and a section of a lead and zinc mine in Zambia, joking activity was found to be governed by sets of rules which we term joking frames. Two types of joking frames, setting-specific and category-routinized, are distinguished. Setting-specific joking depends primarily on resources derived locally within the setting in which this activity occurs. Such frames are highly fragile and setting-specific joking follows an indeterminate course. Category-routinized joking frames are anchored in more general social conventions, and are more resistant to subversion and to re-transposition to overtly serious activity. Of central concern to our analysis is the isolation of conditions which lead to the establishment, maintenance, and destruction of joking frames during interaction. We indicate that joking activity, and indeed any form of expressive activity, must be understood in terms of the emergent, self-generative, form of the activity itself. So our analysis indicates that while setting-specific and category-routinized frames are established and destroyed by similar mechanisms, the rules included in the latter have the greater time-depth because these rules are better able to integrate subversive elements which emerge from the course of joking activity, and the original definitions of category-routinized frames can be maintained for lengthier periods of time.
TL;DR: The present study was intended to establish whether IgG2‐containing eluates, dissociated from carcinogen‐induced tumors by a low pH buffer, have tumor‐enhancing properties.
Abstract: The present study was intended to establish whether IgG2-containing eluates, dissociated from carcinogen-induced tumors by a low pH buffer, have tumor-enhancing properties
Threshold amounts of cells from mouse tumor lines originally induced by benzo (a)-pyrene or by methylcholanthrene were mixed and incubated, prior to inoculation, with IgG2-containing eluates, originating either from the corresponding tumors (autologous eluates) or from other syngeneic tumors (isologous eluates) Tumor cells incubated and injected together with autologous eluates gave in some experiments a higher yield of tumors in syngeneic mice than did cells not subjected to this treatment Some isologous eluates originating from several primary tumors or from syngeneic tumors belonging to a different line from the one tested, were also capable of enhancing tumor growth
TL;DR: In this article, the Tafel slope was determined by four independent techniques (shift of the peak potential with sweep rate in linear potential sweep, foot of the current/potential curve in the same measurement, galvanostatic and steady state potentiostatic) all of which gave values in the range of 90-100 mV.
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of dielectric constants and infrared reflection were carried out on single crystals in the temperature range 300 to 500 °K, and the existence of two distinct phase transitions Tp and T1 in the above range was shown.
Abstract: Measurements of dielectric constants and infrared reflection were carried out on KH2PO4, KD2PO4, and RbH2PO4 single crystals in the temperature range 300 to 500 °K. Both types of measurements show the existence of two distinct phase transitions Tp and T1 in the above range. The Tp transition is associated with a change in the hydrogen bond. At this temperature the crystal structure changes from tetragonal to monoclinic. The crystal remains in the new structure even after cooling back past the transition to room temperature. Below Tp this phase is metastable and mechanical vibration will release the crystal back to the stable state in room temperature. The T1 transition seems to be dependent on the PO1 and the new phase is also methastable below T1.
Es wurden Messungen der Dielektrizitatskonstanten und der Infraroteflexion an KH2PO4-, KD2PO4- und RbH2PO4-Einkristallen im Temperaturbereich 300 bis 500 °K durchgefuhrt. Beide Messungen zeigen die Anwesenheit von zwei verschiedenen Phasenubergangen Tp und T1 im obigen Bereich. Der Tp-Ubergang ist mit einer Anderung der Wasserstoffbindung verknupft. Bei dieser Temperatur andert sich die Kristallstruktur von tetragonal zu monoklin. Der Kristall bleibt in der neuen Struktur sogar nach Ruckkuhlung durch den Ubergang bis Zimmertempertur. Unterhalb Tp ist diese Phase metastabil und mechanische Schwingungen bringen den Kristall in den stabilen Zustand bei Zimmertemperatur zuruck. Der T1-Ubergang scheint vom PO4 abhangig zu sein und die neue Phase ist unterhalb T1 ebenfalls metastabil.
TL;DR: The venom of Oriental hornet caused contraction of isolated smooth muscle preparations, bronchoconstriction in anesthetized guinea pigs and when injected intradermally into rats and rabbits increased the permeability of microcirculation vessels.
TL;DR: A case of an incarcerated right inguinal hernia containing a perforated appendix with periappendicular abscess is reported, and an emergency operation is performed.
Abstract: A case of an incarcerated right inguinal hernia containing a perforated appendix with periappendicular abscess is reported. The rarity and diagnostic difficulties of such a case are emphasized. An emergency operation should be performed in every case in which there is a painful swelling of unknown cause in the groin. The literature on the subject is reviewed.