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Showing papers by "Tel Aviv University published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
28 Jun 2013-Science
TL;DR: The viability of using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light to create orthogonal, spatially distinct streams of data-transmitting channels that are multiplexed in a single fiber is demonstrated and suggest that OAM could provide an additional degree of freedom for data multiplexing in future fiber networks.
Abstract: Internet data traffic capacity is rapidly reaching limits imposed by optical fiber nonlinear effects Having almost exhausted available degrees of freedom to orthogonally multiplex data, the possibility is now being explored of using spatial modes of fibers to enhance data capacity We demonstrate the viability of using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light to create orthogonal, spatially distinct streams of data-transmitting channels that are multiplexed in a single fiber Over 11 kilometers of a specially designed optical fiber that minimizes mode coupling, we achieved 400-gigabits-per-second data transmission using four angular momentum modes at a single wavelength, and 16 terabits per second using two OAM modes over 10 wavelengths These demonstrations suggest that OAM could provide an additional degree of freedom for data multiplexing in future fiber networks

2,343 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that ATM-mediated phosphorylation has a role in the response to other types of genotoxic stress and it has become apparent that ATM is active in other cell signalling pathways involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Abstract: The protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is best known for its role as an apical activator of the DNA damage response in the face of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Following induction of DSBs, ATM mobilizes one of the most extensive signalling networks that responds to specific stimuli and modifies directly or indirectly a broad range of targets. Although most ATM research has focused on this function, evidence suggests that ATM-mediated phosphorylation has a role in the response to other types of genotoxic stress. Moreover, it has become apparent that ATM is active in other cell signalling pathways involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

1,281 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work describes housekeeping gene detection in the era of massive parallel sequencing and RNA-seq and provides a list of 3804 human genes that are expressed uniformly across a panel of tissues.

1,063 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jan 2013-Science
TL;DR: It is reported that surnames can be recovered from personal genomes by profiling short tandem repeats on the Y chromosome (Y-STRs) and querying recreational genetic genealogy databases and it is shown that a combination of a surname with other types of metadata, such as age and state, can be used to triangulate the identity of the target.
Abstract: Sharing sequencing data sets without identifiers has become a common practice in genomics. Here, we report that surnames can be recovered from personal genomes by profiling short tandem repeats on the Y chromosome (Y-STRs) and querying recreational genetic genealogy databases. We show that a combination of a surname with other types of metadata, such as age and state, can be used to triangulate the identity of the target. A key feature of this technique is that it entirely relies on free, publicly accessible Internet resources. We quantitatively analyze the probability of identification for U.S. males. We further demonstrate the feasibility of this technique by tracing back with high probability the identities of multiple participants in public sequencing projects.

1,015 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the IRAM Plateau de Bure high-z blue sequence CO 3-2 survey of the molecular gas properties in massive, main-sequence star-forming galaxies (SFGs) near the cosmic star formation peak is presented.
Abstract: We present PHIBSS, the IRAM Plateau de Bure high-z blue sequence CO 3-2 survey of the molecular gas properties in massive, main-sequence star-forming galaxies (SFGs) near the cosmic star formation peak. PHIBSS provides 52 CO detections in two redshift slices at z ~ 1.2 and 2.2, with log(M *(M ☉)) ≥ 10.4 and log(SFR(M ☉/yr)) ≥ 1.5. Including a correction for the incomplete coverage of the M* -SFR plane, and adopting a "Galactic" value for the CO-H2 conversion factor, we infer average gas fractions of ~0.33 at z ~ 1.2 and ~0.47 at z ~ 2.2. Gas fractions drop with stellar mass, in agreement with cosmological simulations including strong star formation feedback. Most of the z ~ 1-3 SFGs are rotationally supported turbulent disks. The sizes of CO and UV/optical emission are comparable. The molecular-gas-star-formation relation for the z = 1-3 SFGs is near-linear, with a ~0.7 Gyr gas depletion timescale; changes in depletion time are only a secondary effect. Since this timescale is much less than the Hubble time in all SFGs between z ~ 0 and 2, fresh gas must be supplied with a fairly high duty cycle over several billion years. At given z and M *, gas fractions correlate strongly with the specific star formation rate (sSFR). The variation of sSFR between z ~ 0 and 3 is mainly controlled by the fraction of baryonic mass that resides in cold gas.

986 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These revised Porto criteria for the diagnosis of P IBD have been developed to meet present challenges and developments in PIBD and provide up-to-date guidelines for the definition and diagnosis of the IBD spectrum.
Abstract: Background: The diagnosis of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) can be challenging in choosing the most informative diagnostic tests and correctly classifying PIBD into its different subtypes. Recent advances in our understanding of the natural history and phenotype of PIBD, increasing availability of serological and fecal biomarkers, and the emergence of novel endoscopic and imaging technologies taken together have made the previous Porto criteria for the diagnosis of PIBD obsolete. Methods: We aimed to revise the original Porto criteria using an evidencebased approach and consensus process to yield specific practice recommendations for the diagnosis of PIBD. These revised criteria are based on the Paris classification of PIBD and the original Porto criteria while incorporating novel data, such as for serum and fecal biomarkers. A consensus of at least 80% of participants was achieved for all recommendations and the summary algorithm. Results: The revised criteria depart from existing criteria by defining 2 categories of ulcerative colitis (UC, typical and atypical); atypical phenotypes of UC should be treated as UC. A novel approach based on multiple criteria for diagnosing IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) is proposed. Specifically, these revised criteria recommend upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and ileocolonscopy for all suspected patients with PIBD, with small bowel imaging (unless typical UC after endoscopy and histology) by magnetic resonance enterography or wireless capsule endoscopy.

929 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown how network techniques can help in the identification of single-target, edgetic, multi-target and allo-network drug target candidates and an optimized protocol of network-aided drug development is suggested, and a list of systems-level hallmarks of drug quality is provided.

806 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
S. Schael1, R. Barate2, R. Brunelière2, D. Buskulic2  +1672 moreInstitutions (143)
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the four LEP experiments were combined to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory, including the branching fraction of W and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings.

684 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, T. Abajyan2, Brad Abbott3, Jalal Abdallah  +2942 moreInstitutions (201)
TL;DR: In this paper, the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson were studied based on the collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, and the results showed that the standard model spin-parity J(...

608 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
J. P. Lees1, V. Poireau1, V. Tisserand1, E. Grauges2  +337 moreInstitutions (73)
TL;DR: The concept for this analysis is to a large degree based on earlier BABAR work and we acknowledge the guidance provided by M. Mazur as discussed by the authors, who consulted with theorists A. Datta, S. Westhoff,S. Fajfer, J. Kamenik, and I. Nisandzic on the calculations of the charged Higgs contributions to the decay rates.
Abstract: The concept for this analysis is to a large degree based on earlier BABAR work and we acknowledge the guidance provided by M. Mazur. The authors consulted with theorists A. Datta, S. Westhoff, S. Fajfer, J. Kamenik, and I. Nisandzic on the calculations of the charged Higgs contributions to the decay rates. We are grateful for the extraordinary contributions of our PEP-II colleagues in achieving the excellent luminosity and machine conditions that have made this work possible. The success of this project also relied critically on the expertise and dedication of the computing organizations that support BABAR. The collaborating institutions wish to thank SLAC for its support and the kind hospitality extended to them. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A. P. Sloan Foundation (USA).

607 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
11 Apr 2013-Cell
TL;DR: This work focuses on the challenging questions of how allostery can both cause disease and contribute to development of new therapeutics and aims to increase the awareness of the linkage between disease symptoms on the cellular level and specific aberrant allosteric actions on the molecular level.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Target massively parallel resequencing of 19 known and 46 candidate genes for epileptic encephalopathy in 500 affected individuals (cases) to identify new genes involved and to investigate the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in known genes.
Abstract: Epileptic encephalopathies are a devastating group of epilepsies with poor prognosis, of which the majority are of unknown etiology. We perform targeted massively parallel resequencing of 19 known and 46 candidate genes for epileptic encephalopathy in 500 affected individuals (cases) to identify new genes involved and to investigate the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in known genes. Overall, we identified pathogenic mutations in 10% of our cohort. Six of the 46 candidate genes had 1 or more pathogenic variants, collectively accounting for 3% of our cohort. We show that de novo CHD2 and SYNGAP1 mutations are new causes of epileptic encephalopathies, accounting for 1.2% and 1% of cases, respectively. We also expand the phenotypic spectra explained by SCN1A, SCN2A and SCN8A mutations. To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of cases with epileptic encephalopathies to undergo targeted resequencing. Implementation of this rapid and efficient method will change diagnosis and understanding of the molecular etiologies of these disorders.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, T. Abajyan2, Brad Abbott3, Jalal Abdallah4  +2942 moreInstitutions (200)
TL;DR: In this article, the production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs were measured using the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25/fb.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, T. Abajyan2, Brad Abbott3, J. Abdallah4  +2897 moreInstitutions (184)
TL;DR: In this article, the luminosity calibration for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV in 2010 and 2011 is presented, and a luminosity uncertainty of delta L/L = +/- 3.5 % is obtained.
Abstract: The luminosity calibration for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV in 2010 and 2011 is presented. Evaluation of the luminosity scale is performed using several luminosity-sensitive detectors, and comparisons are made of the long-term stability and accuracy of this calibration applied to the pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV. A luminosity uncertainty of delta L/L = +/- 3.5 % is obtained for the 47 pb(-1) of data delivered to ATLAS in 2010, and an uncertainty of delta L/L = +/- 1.8 % is obtained for the 5.5 fb(-1) delivered in 2011.

Book ChapterDOI
18 Aug 2013
TL;DR: An argument system for NP is a proof system that allows efficient verification of NP statements, given proofs produced by an untrusted yet computationally-bounded prover as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An argument system for NP is a proof system that allows efficient verification of NP statements, given proofs produced by an untrusted yet computationally-bounded prover. Such a system is non-interactive and publicly-verifiable if, after a trusted party publishes a proving key and a verification key, anyone can use the proving key to generate non-interactive proofs for adaptively-chosen NP statements, and proofs can be verified by anyone by using the verification key.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ConSurF-DB, a new release of which is presented here, provides precalcu- lated ConSurf conservation analysis of nearly all available structures in the Protein DataBank (PDB), as well as a range of large-scale, genome-wide applications.
Abstract: Many mutations disappear from the population because they impair protein function and/or stability. Thus, amino acid positions that are essential for proper function evolve more slowly than others, or in other words, the slow evolutionary rate of a position reflects its importance. Con- Surf (http://consurf.tau.ac.il), reviewed in this manuscript, exploits this to reveal key amino acid positions that are im- portant for maintaining the native conformation(s) of the protein and its function, be it binding, catalysis, transport, etc. Given the sequence or 3D structure of the query protein as input, a search for similar sequences is conducted and the sequences are aligned. The multiple sequence alignment is subsequently used to calculate the evolutionary rates of each amino acid site, using Bayesian or maximum-likelihood algorithms. Both algorithms take into account the evolution- ary relationships between the sequences, reflected in phylo- genetic trees, to alleviate problems due to uneven (biased) sampling in sequence space. This is particularly important when the number of sequences is low. The ConSurf-DB, a new release of which is presented here, provides precalcu- lated ConSurf conservation analysis of nearly all available structures in the Protein DataBank (PDB). The usefulness of ConSurf for the study of individual proteins and mutations, as well as a range of large-scale, genome-wide applications, is reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Graph-theoretical analyses revealed that the subsurface microvasculature formed interconnected loops with a topology that was invariant to the position and boundary of columns, and blood sourced by penetrating arterioles was effectively drained by the penetrating venules to limit lateral perfusion.
Abstract: What is the nature of the vascular architecture in the cortex that allows the brain to meet the energy demands of neuronal computations? We used high-throughput histology to reconstruct the complete angioarchitecture and the positions of all neuronal somata of multiple cubic millimeter regions of vibrissa primary sensory cortex in mouse. Vascular networks were derived from the reconstruction. In contrast with the standard model of cortical columns that are tightly linked with the vascular network, graph-theoretical analyses revealed that the subsurface microvasculature formed interconnected loops with a topology that was invariant to the position and boundary of columns. Furthermore, the calculated patterns of blood flow in the networks were unrelated to location of columns. Rather, blood sourced by penetrating arterioles was effectively drained by the penetrating venules to limit lateral perfusion. This analysis provides the underpinning to understand functional imaging and the effect of penetrating vessels strokes on brain viability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results from the deep Herschel-Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) far-infrared blank field extragalactic survey, obtained by combining observations of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields from the PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) and GOODS-Herschel key programmes.
Abstract: We present results from the deepest Herschel-Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) far-infrared blank field extragalactic survey, obtained by combining observations of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields from the PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) and GOODS-Herschel key programmes. We describe data reduction and theconstruction of images and catalogues. In the deepest parts of the GOODS-S field, the catalogues reach 3σ depths of 0.9, 0.6 and 1.3 mJy at 70, 100 and 160 μm, respectively, and resolve ~75% of the cosmic infrared background at 100 μm and 160 μm into individually detected sources. We use these data to estimate the PACS confusion noise, to derive the PACS number counts down to unprecedented depths, and to determine the infrared luminosity function of galaxies down to L_(IR) = 10^(11) L⊙ at z ~ 1 and L_(IR) = 10^(12) L⊙ at z ~ 2, respectively. For the infrared luminosity function of galaxies, our deep Herschel far-infrared observations are fundamental because they provide more accurate infrared luminosity estimates than those previously obtained from mid-infrared observations. Maps and source catalogues (>3σ) are now publicly released. Combined with the large wealth of multi-wavelength data available for the GOODS fields, these data provide a powerful new tool for studying galaxy evolution over a broad range of redshifts.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: M6-methyladenosine–sequencing is an immunocapturing approach for the unbiased transcriptome-wide localization of m6A in high resolution, and is the first protocol to allow a global view of this ubiquitous RNA modification.
Abstract: N(6)-methyladenosine-sequencing (m(6)A-seq) is an immunocapturing approach for the unbiased transcriptome-wide localization of m(6)A in high resolution To our knowledge, this is the first protocol to allow a global view of this ubiquitous RNA modification, and it is based on antibody-mediated enrichment of methylated RNA fragments followed by massively parallel sequencing Building on principles of chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP), read densities of immunoprecipitated RNA relative to untreated input control are used to identify methylated sites A consensus motif is deduced, and its distance to the point of maximal enrichment is assessed; these measures further corroborate the success of the protocol Identified locations are intersected in turn with gene architecture to draw conclusions regarding the distribution of m(6)A between and within gene transcripts When applied to human and mouse transcriptomes, m(6)A-seq generated comprehensive methylation profiles revealing, for the first time, tenets governing the nonrandom distribution of m(6)A The protocol can be completed within ~9 d for four different sample pairs (each consists of an immunoprecipitation and corresponding input)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The physics of sliding friction is gaining impulse from nanoscale and mesoscale experiments, simulations, and theoretical modeling as discussed by the authors, covering open-ended directions, unconventional nanofrictional systems, and unsolved problems.
Abstract: The physics of sliding friction is gaining impulse from nanoscale and mesoscale experiments, simulations, and theoretical modeling This Colloquium reviews some recent developments in modeling and in atomistic simulation of friction, covering open-ended directions, unconventional nanofrictional systems, and unsolved problems

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents two mixed integer linear program formulations of a routing model that generalizes existing routing models in the literature and indicates that one of the formulations is very effective in obtaining high quality solutions to real life instances of the problem.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recording neuronal activity from neurosurgical patients performing a virtual-navigation task, it is identified cells exhibiting grid-like spiking patterns in the human brain, suggesting that humans and simpler animals rely on homologous spatial-coding schemes.
Abstract: Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex appear to represent spatial location via a triangular coordinate system. Such cells, which have been identified in rats, bats and monkeys, are believed to support a wide range of spatial behaviors. Recording neuronal activity from neurosurgical patients performing a virtual-navigation task, we identified cells exhibiting grid-like spiking patterns in the human brain, suggesting that humans and simpler animals rely on homologous spatial-coding schemes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A unique model of the microRNA (miR)-based coupled chimeric modules underlying this core circuit is devised, showing that the miR-200/ZEB module functions as a ternary switch, allowing not only for the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes but also for a hybrid phenotype with mixed characteristics of collective cell migration, as seen in branching morphogenesis and wound closure.
Abstract: Forward and backward transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes play crucial roles in embryonic development and tissue repair. Aberrantly regulated transitions are also a hallmark of cancer metastasis. The genetic network that regulates these transitions appears to allow for the existence of a hybrid phenotype (epithelial/mesenchymal). Hybrid cells are endowed with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics, enabling specialized capabilities such as collective cell migration. Cell-fate determination between the three phenotypes is in fact regulated by a circuit composed of two highly interconnected chimeric modules--the miR-34/SNAIL and the miR-200/ZEB mutual-inhibition feedback circuits. Here, we used detailed modeling of microRNA-based regulation to study this core unit. More specifically, we investigated the functions of the two isolated modules and subsequently of the combined unit when the two modules are integrated into the full regulatory circuit. We found that miR-200/ZEB forms a tristable circuit that acts as a ternary switch, driven by miR-34/SNAIL, that is a monostable module that acts as a noise-buffering integrator of internal and external signals. We propose to associate the three stable states--(1,0), (high miR-200)/(low ZEB); (0,1), (low miR-200)/(high ZEB); and (1/2,1/2), (medium miR-200)/(medium ZEB)--with the epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrid phenotypes, respectively. Our (1/2,1/2) state hypothesis is consistent with recent experimental studies (e.g., ZEB expression measurements in collectively migrating cells) and explains the lack of observed mesenchymal-to-hybrid transitions in metastatic cells and in induced pluripotent stem cells. Testable predictions of dynamic gene expression during complete and partial transitions are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, T. Abajyan2, Brad Abbott3, J. Abdallah4  +2912 moreInstitutions (183)
TL;DR: Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity are measured using the ATLAS detector at the LHC and the resultant Δø correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos2Δø modulation for all ΣE(T)(Pb) ranges and particle p(T).
Abstract: Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Delta phi) and pseudorapidity (Delta eta) are measured in root S-NN = 5.02 TeV p + Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1 mu b(-1) of data as a function of transverse momentum (p(T)) and the transverse energy (Sigma E-T(Pb)) summed over 3.1 < eta < 4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2 < vertical bar Delta eta vertical bar < 5) "near-side" (Delta phi similar to 0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing Sigma E-T(Pb). A long-range "away-side" (Delta phi similar to pi) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small Sigma E-T(Pb), is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Delta eta and Delta phi) and Sigma E-T(Pb) dependence. The resultant Delta phi correlation is approximately symmetric about pi/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos2 Delta phi modulation for all Sigma E-T(Pb) ranges and particle p(T).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the autocorrelation function was used to derive the rotation period of main-sequence stars with masses between 0.3 and 0.55 M_sun.
Abstract: We have analysed 10 months of public data from the Kepler space mission to measure rotation periods of main-sequence stars with masses between 0.3 and 0.55 M_sun. To derive the rotational period we introduce the autocorrelation function and show that it is robust against phase and amplitude modulation and residual instrumental systematics. Of the 2483 stars examined, we detected rotation periods in 1570 (63.2%), representing an increase of a factor ~ 30 in the number of rotation period determination for field M-dwarfs. The periods range from 0.37-69.7 days, with amplitudes ranging from 1.0-140.8 mmags. The rotation period distribution is clearly bimodal, with peaks at ~ 19 and ~ 33 days, hinting at two distinct waves of star formation, a hypothesis that is supported by the fact that slower rotators tend to have larger proper motions. The two peaks of the rotation period distribution form two distinct sequences in period-temperature space, with the period decreasing with increasing temperature, reminiscent of the Vaughan-Preston gap. The period-mass distribution of our sample shows no evidence of a transition at the fully convective boundary. On the other hand, the slope of the upper envelope of the period-mass relation changes sign around 0.55 M_sun, below which period rises with decreasing mass.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wright et al. as mentioned in this paper show that wiele korzyści wynikających z dzialania witaminy D na organizm czlowieka na wszystkichetapach jego zycia wiekszośc badan epidemiologicznych sugeruje, ze niedobor witaminą D, ktore przeslano do czlonkow Komitetu Naukowego konfere
Abstract: Wstep: Wyniki badan z ostatnich lat dokumentują wiele korzyści wynikających z dzialania witaminy D na organizm czlowieka na wszystkichetapach jego zycia Wiekszośc badan epidemiologicznych sugeruje, ze niedobor witaminy D jest powszechny wśrod mieszkancow EuropyŚrodkowej Naturalną konsekwencją tej sytuacji jest koniecznośc ciąglego uświadamiania spoleczenstwu oraz środowisku medycznemu,jaką role odgrywa witamina D w rozwoju i funkcjonowaniu organizmu ludzkiego Metody: Na podstawie przeglądu danych literaturowych Polski Zespol Wielodyscyplinarny opracowal tezy dotyczące zasad suplementacjiwitaminą D, ktore przeslano do czlonkow Komitetu Naukowego konferencji „Witamina D — minimum, maksimum, optimum”,19–20 Październik, 2012, Warszawa W trakcie powyzszej konferencji z udzialem 550 delegatow oraz Ekspertow roznych dziedzin medycynyomowiono i przedyskutowano propozycje wytycznych suplementacji witaminą D populacji Europy Środkowej Wyniki: W efekcie przeprowadzonych dyskusji Zespol Ekspertow opracowal wytyczne suplementacji witaminą D dla wszystkich grupwiekowych populacji Europy Środkowej Określono rowniez kryteria diagnostyczne charakteryzujące stan zaopatrzenia organizmu w witamine D: deficyt witaminy D ustalono jako stezenie 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (< 50 nmol/L)], suboptymalne zaopatrzenie jako stezenie25(OH)D wynoszące 20–30 ng/mL (50–75 nmol/L), a stezenie 30–50 ng/mL (75–125 nmol/L) uznano za docelowe dla zapewnienia efektuplejotropowego witaminy D Wnioski: Poprawa obecnego stanu zaopatrzenia witaminy D w grupach dzieci, mlodziezy, osob aktywnych zawodowo i seniorowpowinna zostac wlączona do priorytetow polityki zdrowotnej spoleczenstw Europy Środkowej

Journal ArticleDOI
Claus Meyer1, Julia Hofmann1, Thomas Burmeister2, Daniela Gröger2, T S Park3, Mariana Emerenciano, M. Pombo De Oliveira, Aline Renneville4, Patrick Villarese5, Elizabeth Macintyre5, Hélène Cavé5, Emmanuelle Clappier5, K. Mass-Malo5, Jan Zuna6, Jan Trka6, E De Braekeleer7, M. De Braekeleer7, S H Oh8, Grigory Tsaur, L Fechina, V H J van der Velden9, J J M van Dongen9, Eric Delabesse, Renata Binato, Mara Silva, AM Kustanovich, Olga V. Aleinikova, Marian H. Harris10, T Lund-Aho, Vesa Juvonen11, Olaf Heidenreich12, Josef Vormoor12, William W.L. Choi13, Marie Jarošová, A. Kolenova14, Clara Bueno15, Pablo Menendez15, S. Wehner1, Cornelia Eckert2, Pascaline Talmant16, Sylvie Tondeur, Eric Lippert, E. Launay17, Catherine Henry17, Paola Ballerini18, H. Lapillone18, Mary Callanan19, Jean Michel Cayuela5, Charles Herbaux, Giovanni Cazzaniga20, P. M. Kakadiya21, Stefan K. Bohlander21, Martina Ahlmann, Jong Rak Choi22, Paula Gameiro23, Dongsoon Lee24, Juergen Krauter25, Pascale Cornillet-Lefebvre, G te Kronnie26, Beat W. Schäfer27, S. Kubetzko27, Cristina N. Alonso, U. Zur Stadt28, Rosemary Sutton29, N. C. Venn29, Shai Izraeli30, Luba Trakhtenbrot31, H. O. Madsen32, P. Archer33, Jeremy Hancock33, Nuno Cerveira34, Manuel R. Teixeira34, L Lo Nigro35, Anja Möricke36, Martin Stanulla36, Martin Schrappe36, Lukasz Sedek37, Tomasz Szczepański37, Christian M. Zwaan9, Eva A. Coenen9, M.M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink9, Sabine Strehl38, Michael Dworzak38, Renate Panzer-Grümayer38, Theodor Dingermann1, Thomas Klingebiel1, Rolf Marschalek1 
30 Apr 2013-Leukemia
TL;DR: Long-distance inverse-polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize the chromosomal rearrangement of individual acute leukemia patients and revealed a total of 121 different MLL rearrangements, of which 79 TPGs are now characterized at the molecular level.
Abstract: Chromosomal rearrangements of the human MLL (mixed lineage leukemia) gene are associated with high-risk infant, pediatric, adult and therapy-induced acute leukemias. We used long-distance inverse-polymerase chain reaction to characterize the chromosomal rearrangement of individual acute leukemia patients. We present data of the molecular characterization of 1590 MLL-rearranged biopsy samples obtained from acute leukemia patients. The precise localization of genomic breakpoints within the MLL gene and the involved translocation partner genes (TPGs) were determined and novel TPGs identified. All patients were classified according to their gender (852 females and 745 males), age at diagnosis (558 infant, 416 pediatric and 616 adult leukemia patients) and other clinical criteria. Combined data of our study and recently published data revealed a total of 121 different MLL rearrangements, of which 79 TPGs are now characterized at the molecular level. However, only seven rearrangements seem to be predominantly associated with illegitimate recombinations of the MLL gene (∼90%): AFF1/AF4, MLLT3/AF9, MLLT1/ENL, MLLT10/AF10, ELL, partial tandem duplications (MLL PTDs) and MLLT4/AF6, respectively. The MLL breakpoint distributions for all clinical relevant subtypes (gender, disease type, age at diagnosis, reciprocal, complex and therapy-induced translocations) are presented. Finally, we present the extending network of reciprocal MLL fusions deriving from complex rearrangements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both subth threshold and threshold-anxiety and depression were related to functional impairment and suicidality, and incorporation of these subthreshold disorders into a diagnosis could provide a bridge between categorical and dimensional diagnostic models.
Abstract: Background: Subthreshold-depression and anxiety have been associated with significant impairments in adults. This study investigates the characteristics of adolescent subthreshold-depression and anxiety with a focus on suicidality, using both categorical and dimensional diagnostic models. Methods: Data were drawn from the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) study, comprising 12,395 adolescents from 11 countries. Based on self-report, including Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS) were administered to students. Based on BDI-II, adolescents were divided into three groups: nondepressed, subthreshold-depressed and depressed; based on the SAS, they were divided into nonanxiety, subthreshold-anxiety and anxiety groups. Analyses of Covariance were conducted on SDQ scores to explore psychopathology of the defined groups. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between functional impairments, suicidality and subthreshold and full syndromes. Results: Thirty-two percent of the adolescents were subthreshold-anxious and 5.8% anxious, 29.2% subthreshold-depressed and 10.5% depressed, with high comorbidity. Mean scores of SDQ of subthreshold-depressed/anxious were significantly higher than the mean scores of the nondepressed/nonanxious groups and significantly lower than those of the depressed/anxious groups. Both subthreshold and threshold-anxiety and depression were related to functional impairment and suicidality. Conclusions: Subthreshold-depression and subthreshold-anxiety are associated with an increased burden of disease and suicide risk. These results highlight the importance of early identification of adolescent subthreshold-depression and anxiety to minimize suicide. Incorporating these subthreshold disorders into a diagnosis could provide a bridge between categorical and dimensional diagnostic models. Keywords: Categorical diagnostic model, dimensional diagnostic model, subthreshold-depression, subthreshold-anxiety, adolescent, suicide, SEYLE.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic search for molecular (OH 119 μm) outflows with Herschel/PACS was conducted in a sample of 43 nearby (z < 0.3) galaxy mergers, mostly ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and QSOs.
Abstract: We report the results from a systematic search for molecular (OH 119 μm) outflows with Herschel/PACS in a sample of 43 nearby (z < 0.3) galaxy mergers, mostly ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and QSOs. We find that the character of the OH feature (strength of the absorption relative to the emission) correlates with that of the 9.7 μm silicate feature, a measure of obscuration in ULIRGs. Unambiguous evidence for molecular outflows, based on the detection of OH absorption profiles with median velocities more blueshifted than –50 km s^(–1), is seen in 26 (70%) of the 37 OH-detected targets, suggesting a wide-angle (~145°) outflow geometry. Conversely, unambiguous evidence for molecular inflows, based on the detection of OH absorption profiles with median velocities more redshifted than +50 km s^(–1), is seen in only four objects, suggesting a planar or filamentary geometry for the inflowing gas. Terminal outflow velocities of ~–1000 km s^(–1) are measured in several objects, but median outflow velocities are typically ~–200 km s^(–1). While the outflow velocities show no statistically significant dependence on the star formation rate, they are distinctly more blueshifted among systems with large active galactic nucleus (AGN) fractions and luminosities [log(L_(AGN)/L_☉) ≥ 11.8 ± 0.3]. The quasars in these systems play a dominant role in driving the molecular outflows. However, the most AGN dominated systems, where OH is seen purely in emission, show relatively modest OH line widths, despite their large AGN luminosities, perhaps indicating that molecular outflows subside once the quasar has cleared a path through the obscuring material.

Journal ArticleDOI
Noa Voloch-Bloch1, Yossi Lereah1, Yigal Lilach1, Avraham Gover1, Ady Arie1 
21 Feb 2013-Nature
TL;DR: A non-spreading electron wavefunction that self-heals, restoring its original shape after passing an obstacle is observed, which opens up new avenues for steering electronic wave packets like their photonic counterparts, because the wave packets can be imprinted with arbitrary shapes or trajectories.
Abstract: The diffraction of electrons through a nanoscale hologram that imprints a certain phase modulation on the electrons’ wavefunction produces a non-spreading electron Airy beam that follows a parabolic trajectory and can reconstruct its original shape after passing an obstacle. Light, as is widely known, travels in straight lines. Yet a few years ago it was shown that specially tailored light beams can follow a curved trajectory, without spreading. Such beams follow a waveform known from quantum mechanics, called the Airy function, a concept originally developed by the astronomer Sir George Biddell Airy in work on the trajectories of light in rainbows. Now, with the demonstration of Airy beams consisting of free electrons, new possibilities for manipulating electrons are in prospect. Airy electron beam arcs were generated by the diffraction of electrons through a nanoscale hologram, which imprints a specific phase modulation on the electrons' wavefunction. These beams can bend in space without any external force, stay localized over distances of up to 100 metres and self-heal after passing an obstacle. Possible applications include use in high-performance electron microscopes and as a basis for a new type of electron interferometer. Within the framework of quantum mechanics, a unique particle wave packet exists1 in the form of the Airy function2,3. Its counterintuitive properties are revealed as it propagates in time or space: the quantum probability wave packet preserves its shape despite dispersion or diffraction and propagates along a parabolic caustic trajectory, even though no force is applied. This does not contradict Newton’s laws of motion, because the wave packet centroid propagates along a straight line. Nearly 30 years later, this wave packet, known as an accelerating Airy beam, was realized4 in the optical domain; later it was generalized to an orthogonal and complete family of beams5 that propagate along parabolic trajectories, as well as to beams that propagate along arbitrary convex trajectories6. Here we report the experimental generation and observation of the Airy beams of free electrons. These electron Airy beams were generated by diffraction of electrons through a nanoscale hologram7,8,9, which imprinted on the electrons’ wavefunction a cubic phase modulation in the transverse plane. The highest-intensity lobes of the generated beams indeed followed parabolic trajectories. We directly observed a non-spreading electron wavefunction that self-heals10, restoring its original shape after passing an obstacle. This holographic generation of electron Airy beams opens up new avenues for steering electronic wave packets like their photonic counterparts, because the wave packets can be imprinted with arbitrary shapes5 or trajectories6.