Showing papers by "Temple University published in 1976"

The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism

Abstract: * Foreword: 1978 * Introduction/The Disjunction of Realms: A Statement of Themes The Double Bind Of Modernity * The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism * The Disjunctions of Cultural Discourse * The Sensibility of the Sixties * Toward the Great Instauration: Religion and Culture in a Post-Industrial Age The Dilemmas Of The Polity * An Introductory Note: From the Culture to the Polity * Unstable America: Transitory and Permanent Factors in a National Crisis * The Public Household: On Fiscal Sociology and the Liberal Society * Afterword: 1996

The sunburning ultraviolet meter: design and performance.

Abstract: — A meter for measuring the skin sunburn effectiveness of a light source is being used in an extensive network to provide solar data for correlation to skin cancer incidence. The solar radiation measured also affects a wide variety of organisms. The intensity of this band of radiation is also strongly affected by ozone concentration so that the output correlates with ozone thickness. The meter spectral response is essentially the excitation spectrum of magnesium tungstate phosphor which is similar to the erythema action spectrum (EAS). In addition to the waterproofed, dose reading embodiment, a cheaper, easily transportable, batteryless, intensity reading meter with the same spectral response has been developed. The deviation of any sunburn meter from the ideal erythema action spectrum can be calculated by convolution of a series of solar spectra against each of the two response spectra. Plotting the change in output against the change in input results in straight lines. Either log-log coordinates are required, or, as is done here, decibels can be used on linear coordinates. The angle between the straight lines is taken as the error. An error angle of 6.5° is calculated for the present meter.

Regulation of glucokinase in liver.

Abstract: Publisher Summary Glucokinase is a unique glucose-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) phosphotransferase with adaptive and kinetic properties that endow it with special physiological significance in the utilization of glucose by liver. The existence of a hexokinase with unusual properties was foreshadowed by several features of liver physiology. Glucokinase is unstable, and special precautions are necessary to retain activity. The association of glucokinase with major hepatic functions suggests that this isozyme might be localized in parenchymal cells. Glucokinase activity does not drop to as low a level with glucose deprivation as with insulin deprivation. The specific role of insulin in glucokinase induction is implied by striking inhibitory effects of various glycogenolytic hormones and other agents on the glucokinase response to re-feeding of glucose. From a consideration of all the properties of glucokinase, it can be concluded that it is not involved in the physiological utilization of sugars other than glucose, it is not likely to be affected by physiological concentration variations of ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or glucose 6-phosphate; and it is free of allosteric effects. The major factors that determine its activity appear to be the concentration of glucose and the activity level of the enzyme, modulated by prior dietary history and hormonal status.

Conditions affecting primary cell cultures of functional adult rat hepatocytes. II. Dexamethasone enhanced longevity and maintenance of morphology.

Abstract: Primary monolayer cell cultures of adult rat hepatocytes underwent change in morphology and substantial cell loss between 1 and 3 days postinoculation. Dexamethasone-supplementation (1 micronM) of the culture medium maintained the polygonal epithelial morphology of the hepatocytes and increased longevity such that over 80% of the cells survived for 3 days and at least 30% for 8 or 9 days. This enhancement of survival was obtained up to 48 hr postinoculation, but the earlier the time of dexamethason supplementation the greater the effect. Removal of dexamethasone resulted in a decrease in longevity. The positive effect of dexamethasone on longevity was observed following dexamethasone replacement of insulin in supplemented cultures, but the combination of insulin and dexamethasone resulted in poorer survival than with dexamethasone alone. The results are interpreted to indicate that dexamethasone provided a requirement of the in vitro environment for survival and suggest that elaboration of a complex medium is required to maintain hepatocytes in culture.

Family of origin as a therapeutic resource for adults in marital and family therapy: you can and should go home again.

Abstract: This paper presents a general method of involving adults who are in marital and family therapy in sessions with their family of origin, offering a clinical application of the author's depth theoretical orientation. The method is based on the thesis that current marital and family difficulties are elaborations of relationship problems of the spouses in their original families. If adults are able to go back to deal directly with past and present issues with their families or origin, an opportunity exists for reconstructive changes to come about in their present family. This present work is compared with Bowen's methods. Procedures are outlined for preparing for these sessions and for overcoming resistances. Typical courses these sessions tend to take are described, and some preliminary results are presented. Several case histories are presented, and theoretical and clinical implications of this method are discussed.

A kinetic study of the dissolution of uraninite

Abstract: The kinetics of uraninite dissolution in water may be summarized by the equation: R = (-d(uran)/dt) = 10/sup 20/./sup 25/ (SS) (RF)/sup -1/ (10/sup -3.38-10.8 NOC/) (a/sub ..sigma..CO/sub 2//) (D.O.) (a/sub H/sup +//) exp (-7045/T) day/sup -1/ where R is the rate of the dissolution reaction, SS is the specific surface area (cm/sup 2/-gm/sup -1/), RF is an organic retardation factor, NOC is the mole fraction of nonuranium cations in the uraninite, D.O. is the dissolved oxygen content of the water (ppM), ..sigma..CO/sub 2/ is the total dissolved carbonate, and T is the absolute temperature. Application of these data may allow better understanding of factors influencing oxidation of uraninite and the resulting mobility of uranium in natural waters.

Teleost chloride cell. I. Response of pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus gill Na,K-ATPase and chloride cell fine structure to various high salinity environments.

Abstract: Certain euryhaline teleosts can tolerate media of very high salinity, i.e. greater than that of seawater itself. The osmotic gradient across the integument of these fish is very high and the key to their survival appears to be the enhanced ability of the gill to excrete excess NaCl. These fish provide an opportunity to study morphological and biochemical aspects of transepithelial salt secretion under conditions of vastly different transport rates. Since the cellular site of gill salt excretion is believed to be the "chloride cell" of the branchial epithelium and since the enzyme Na,K-ATPase has been implicated in salt transport in this and other secretory tissues, we have focused our attention on the differences in chloride cell structure and gill ATPase activity in the variegated pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus adapted to half-strength seawater (50% SW), seawater (100% SW), or double-stregth seawater (200% SW). The Na,K-ATPase activity in gill homogenates was 1.6 times greater in 100% SW. When 50% SW gills were compared to 100% SW gills, differences in chloride cell morphology were minimal. However, chloride cells from 200% SW displayed a marked hypertrophy and a striking increase in basal-lateral cell surface area. These results suggest that there are correlations among higher levels of osmotic stress, basal-lateral extensions of the cell surface, and the activity of the enzyme Na,K-ATPase.

Long-Time Tails and the Large-Eddy Behavior of a Randomly Stirred Fluid

Abstract: The long-wavelength and low-frequency behavior of an incompressible, randomly stirred fluid is determined in $d$ dimensions by renormalization-group arguments A free-field fixed point, which describes conventional hydrodynamics, is stable for $dg~2$ although we find nontrivial corrections to the leading behavior These corrections give rise to long-time tails in a fluid near thermal equilibrium A nontrivial fixed point controls the behavior for $dl2$, which is determined to all orders in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=2\ensuremath{-}d$

Effect of temporal aggregation on the dynamic relationship of two time series variables

Abstract: SUMMARY This paper considers the effect of temporal aggregation on the dynamic relationships between two discrete time series variables. Given the model in terms of some basic time unit, the corresponding model for the aggregates is obtained. Examples are given showing that temporal aggregation can lead to a substantial loss in parameter estimation while the loss in prediction efficiency is much less severe.

The Student $t$-Distribution for Odd Degrees of Freedom is Infinitely Divisible

Abstract: values of n and conjectured that this is always the case This conjecture is proved here by a twofold application of Bernstein's theorem and the use of some special properties of the zeros of the Bessel polynomials The same conclusion follows for Yk = (Xk2)-l' where Xk2 is a chi-square variable with k degrees of freedom

Programs and Manifestoes on 20th-Century Architecture

Abstract: The present volume offers eloquent testimony that many of the master builders of this century have held passionate convictions regarding the philosophic and social basis of their art. Nearly every important development in the modern architectural movement began with the proclamation of these convictions in the form of a program or manifesto. The most influential of these are collected here in chronological order from 1903 to 1963. Taken together, they constitute a subjective history of modern architecture; compared with one another, their great diversity of style reveals in many cases the basic differences of attitude and temperament that produced a corresponding divergence in architectural style. In point of view, the book covers the aesthetic spectrum from right to left; from programs that rigidly generate designs down to the smallest detail to revolutionary manifestoes that call for anarchy in building form and town plan. The documents, placed in context by the editor, are also international in their range: among them are the seminal and prophetic statements of Henry van de Velde, Adolf Loos, and Bruno Taut from the early years of the century; Frank Lloyd Wright's 1910 annunciation of Organic Architecture; Gropius's original program for the Bauhaus, founded in Weimar in 1919; "Towards a New Architecture, Guiding Principles" by Le Corbusier; the formulation by Naum Gabo and Antoine Pevsner of the basic principles of Constructivism; and articles by R. Buckminster Fuller on universal architecture and the architect as world planner. Other pronouncements, some in flamboyant style, including those of Erich Mendelsohn, Hannes Meyer, Theo van Doesburg, Oskar Schlemmer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, El Lissitzky, and Louis I. Kahn. There are also a number of collective or group statements, issued in the name of movements such as CIAM, De Stijl, ABC, the Situationists, and GEAM.Since the dramatic effectiveness of the manifesto form is usually heightened by brevity and conciseness, it has been possible to reproduce most of the documents in their entirety; only a few have been excerpted.

Multiple sclerosis and childhood infections

Abstract: Migration from an area where MS is common to an area where it is rare (and vice versa) affects the risk of MS, provided migration occurs in childhood. A childhood infection might explain this effect. Therefore, the age pattern of infectious diseases in different regions was examined. A higher proportion of children showed positive titers to many viral diseases early in life in areas where MS is rare compared with those where MS is common. Also, mortality rates from a variety of infectious diseases correlated negatively with the MS mortality. Thus, infection early in life may “protect” against MS, and conversely, later infection, when the immune system has partially matured, may increase risk. MS may be an age-dependent, host-immune response to childhood infection.

Role of nucleotide hydrolysis in microtubule assembly

Abstract: MICROTUBULE assembly in vitro requires (in normal conditions) that GTP be bound to the exchangeable nucleotide-binding site of tubulin1–3. The bound GTP is hydrolysed during polymerisation and the resulting GDP remains bound to the microtubule while the phosphate is released into the medium. Although hydrolysis normally occurs during polymerisation, microtubules will form in a non-hydrolysable analogue of GTP, guanylyl imidodiphosphate (GMP-PNP)4–6. We have observed6, as also has Arai5, that microtubules polymerised in GMP-PNP are not depolymerised by concentrations of Ca which completely depolymerise GTP microtubules. We have now found that GMP-PNP microtubules do not display evidence for a rapid equilibrium between polymer and subunit. The irreversible behaviour of GMP-PNP microtubules may explain the insensitivity to Ca and suggests a function for nucleotide hydrolysis during tubulin polymerisation.

The volunteer subject revisited

Abstract: The extent to which a useful, comprehensive science of human behaviour can be based upon the behaviour of volunteer subjects is an empirical question of broad importance. In this paper we discuss what is known about (a) the role expectations and behaviour of volunteers and nonvolunteers, (b) differentiating characteristics of volunteers vs. nonvolunteers that may jeopardize the robustness of research conclusions derived from volunteer samples, (c) how a subject's volunteer status can interact with the stimulus variables in an experiment, and (d) some useful procedures for circumventing or reducing these biasing effects.

Primary malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder.

Abstract: A melanin-synthesizing tumor of the urinary bladder was studied by light and electron microscopy. Careful clinical evaluation did not reveal evidence for a primary melanoma elsewhere in the patient. The clinical presentation, course of the disease, and demonstration of melanocytes in the bladder epithelium and malignant melanocytes comprising the tumor by light and electron microscopy indicated that the neoplasm was a primary malignant melanoma arising in the bladder.