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Showing papers by "Temple University published in 1987"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that using f i = n/4 + (5/12) to define the fourths produces the desired smoothness, whereas using f q = n /4 + 1/4 leads to similar results.
Abstract: A previous study examined the performance of a standard rule from Exploratory Data Analysis, which uses the sample fourths, FL and FU , and labels as “outside” any observations below FL – k(FU – FL ) or above FU + k(FU – FL ), customarily with k = 1.5. In terms of the order statistics X (1) ≤ X (2) ≤ X (n) the standard definition of the fourths is FL = X(f) and FU = X (n + 1 − f), where f = ½[(n + 3)/2] and [·] denotes the greatest-integer function. The results of that study suggest that finer interpolation for the fourths might yield smoother behavior in the face of varying sample size. In this article we show that using f i = n/4 + (5/12) to define the fourths produces the desired smoothness. Corresponding to a common definition of quartiles, fQ = n/4 + (1/4) leads to similar results. Instead of allowing the some-outside rate per sample (the probability that a sample contains one or more outside observations, analogous to the experimentwise error rate in simultaneous inference) to vary, some us...

1,069 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS) as discussed by the authors is a self-report scale to measure coping styles and has been shown to accurately predict behavioral strategies in response to both physical and psychological stressors.
Abstract: Subjects were divided into information seekers (high monitors)/information avoiders (low monitors) and distractors (high blunters)/nondistractors (low blunters) on the basis of their scores on a self-report scale to measure coping styles, the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS). In Experiment 1, subjects were faced with a physically aversive event (the prospect of electric shock). High monitors and low blunters chose to seek out information about its nature and onset whereas low monitors and high blunters chose to distract themselves. This effect was strongest with the blunting dimension. High monitoring and low blunting were also accompanied by sustained high anxiety and arousal. In contrast, low monitors and high blunters were able to relax themselves over time. In Experiment 2, subjects worked on a series of tests that presumably predicted success in college. They could attend as often as they wished to a light that signaled how well they were performing. Results showed that coping-style scores accurately predicted informational strategy, particularly with the monitoring dimension: High monitors tended to look at the light whereas low monitors tended to ignore it. Thus the MBSS measure of coping styles appears to be a valid instrument for predicting behavioral strategies in response to both physical and psychological stressors. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

1,053 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the use of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for the self-report of depressive symptomatology is raised and considered, including the stability of depression and the need for multiple assessment periods.
Abstract: Issues concerning use of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for the self-report of depressive symptomatology are raised and considered. Discussion includes the stability of depression and the need for multiple assessment periods, specificity and the need for multiple assessment measures, and selection cut scores and the need for terminological accuracy. Recommendations for the continued use of the BDI, designed to facilitate the integration of diverse studies and improve research on self-reported depression, are provided.

1,027 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptualization of how job involvement and organizational commitment could interact to affect turnover and absenteeism is presented. But the conceptualization is limited to a single task.
Abstract: This paper presents one conceptualization of how job involvement and organizational commitment could interact to affect turnover and absenteeism.

540 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is conclusively demonstrated that metabolic efficiency is not necessarily or exclusively related to obesity.

353 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reduced, S-pyridylethyl, trigramin did not inhibit platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding to platelet receptors and it did not bind to platelets, suggesting that the secondary structure of this molecule is critical for expression of its biological activity.

323 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an Introduction to Random Processes, With Applications to Signals and Systems, with a focus on the application of random processes to signal and signal processing.
Abstract: (1987). Introduction to Random Processes, With Applications to Signals and Systems. Technometrics: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 245-246.

317 citations


Book
01 Mar 1987

303 citations


Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: Wollheim's "Painting as an Art" as discussed by the authors was one of the seminal works in the field of art psychology, which attempted to unify philosophy, psychology, and art into a theory of the experience of art.
Abstract: In "Painting as an Art," which began as the 1984 Andrew Mellon Lectures at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., philosopher Richard Wollheim transcended the boundaries and habits of both philosophy and art history to produce a large, encompassing vision of viewing art. Wollheim had three great passions--philosophy, psychology, art--and his work attempted to unify them into a theory of the experience of art. He believed that unlocking the meaning of a painting involved retrieving, almost reenacting, the creative activity that produced it. In order to fully appreciate a work of art, Wollheim argued, critics must bring to the understanding of a work of art a much richer conception of human psychology than they have in the past: "Many [critics] . . . make do with a psychology that, if they tried to live their lives by it, would leave them at the end of an ordinary day without lovers, friends, or any insight into how this came about." Many reviewers have remarked on the insightfulness of the book's final chapter, in which Wollheim contended that certain paintings by Titian, Bellini, de Kooning, and others represent the painters' attempts to project fantasies about the human body onto the canvas. Reviewing the book in the "Los Angeles Times," Daniel A. Herwitz asserted that Wollheim had "done no less than recover for psychology its obvious and irresistible place in the explanation of what is most profound and subtle about paintings."

292 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A lattice model consisting of a single narrow band is introduced to describe some aspects of heavy electrons, including double occupancy of the sites and electrons on nearest-neighbor sites interact via a charge interaction and spin exchange.
Abstract: A lattice model consisting of a single narrow band is introduced to describe some aspects of heavy electrons. The model excludes double occupancy of the sites and electrons on nearest-neighbor sites interact via a charge interaction and spin exchange. The model is integrable in one dimension for some special values of the coupling constants. These cases are related to the SU(3) invariance. The Bethe-ansatz equations are obtained and ground-state and thermodynamic properties are discussed and solved in some limiting cases.

263 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of qualitative measures in a quantitative framework results in a reasonable likelihood of triangulation; in contrast, the independent conduct of qualitative and quantitative evaluations is a greater challenge for triangulating, but it also holds promise for greater discovery as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The use of qualitative measures in a quantitative framework results in a reasonable likelihood of triangulation; in contrast, the independent conduct of qualitative and quantitative evaluations is a greater challenge for triangulation, but it also holds promise for greater discovery.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The synthesis indicated that typical effect of CAI is to raise outcome measures moderately by 0.42 standard deviation units, which is to place the average student using it at the 66th percentile of the control group distribution.
Abstract: This article critically examines the literature reviews of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Its purpose is to synthesize what is known about CAI at all levels of implementation. Sixteen reviews, three traditional and thirteen quantitative, are compared and evaluated. Results of the synthesis indicated that typical effect of CAI is to raise outcome measures moderately by 0.42 standard deviation units. Thus, the effect of CAI is to place the average student using it at the 66th percentile of the control group distribution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The noninvasive nature of bone scintigraphy and MR imaging makes them potentially preferable diagnostic modalities to arthrography for evaluating the mechanical status of OCD lesions.
Abstract: Twenty-one joints with stable (n = 9) or loose (n = 12) osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions were examined in 15 subjects with plain radiography, three-phase bone scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The lesion size and the thickness of the sclerotic margin as measured on plain radiographs were good parameters for predicting loosening. However, bone scintigraphy was more sensitive and specific in determining the mechanical stability of OCD lesions. MR imaging permitted direct visualization of loosening and fragment displacement; the latter permits differentiation of in situ loosening from a grossly unstable lesion. The noninvasive nature of bone scintigraphy and MR imaging makes them potentially preferable diagnostic modalities to arthrography for evaluating the mechanical status of OCD lesions.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1987-Blood
TL;DR: Inhibition in the simulated circuit by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and lidocaine suggests different mechanisms for release of neutrophil-specific proteins, which are explored during simulated in vitro extracorporeal circulation and during clinical cardiopulmonary bypass.

Journal ArticleDOI
Gary Blau1
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of a person-environment fit model for predicting job involvement and organizational commitment was tested using a sample of registered nurses from a large urban hospital, using a longitudinal study.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work uses eye movements to study visual search and to improve tumor detection and to use eye movements as a guide for tumor detection in mice.
Abstract: From the Department of Educational Psychology. TempIe University (*) and the Pendergrass Diagnostic Research Laboratory. University of Pennsylvania (t). Philadelphia. PA. This work was supported in part by NIH Research Grant CA 32870. Address reprint requests to CF. Nodine. Ph.D., Pendergrass Radiology Laboratory. UniversHy of Pennsylvania. 3 Medical Education Building. Philadelphia. PA 19104-6068. Using eye movements to study visual search and to improve tumor detection

Journal ArticleDOI
James H. Keen1
TL;DR: Results indicate the existence of a family of assembly proteins within cells and a model for AP-mediated coat assembly is proposed in which a bivalent AP-2 molecule bridges the distal legs or terminal domains of two clathrin trimers that are destined to occupy adjacent vertices in the assembled coat.
Abstract: Assembly protein (AP) preparations from bovine brain coated vesicles have been fractionated by clathrin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Two distinct fractions that possess coat assembly activity were obtained and are termed AP-1 and AP-2. The AP-1, not retained on the resin, has principal components with molecular weights of 108,000, 100,000, 47,000, and 19,000. The AP-2, bound to the resin and eluted by Tris-HCl at a concentration that parallels the latter's effect on coat disassembly, corresponds to the active complex described previously (Zaremba, S., and J. H. Keen, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:1339-1347). Its composition is similar to that of the AP-1 in that it contains 100,000-, 50,000-, and 16,000-mol-wt polypeptides in equimolar amounts; minor amounts of 112,000- and 115,000-mol-wt polypeptides are also present. Both are distinct from a recently described assembly protein of larger subunit molecular weight that we term AP-3. These results indicate the existence of a family of assembly proteins within cells. On incubation with clathrin both AP-1 and AP-2 induce the formation of coat structures, those containing AP-1 slightly smaller (mean diameter = 72 nm) than those formed in the presence of AP-2 (mean diameter = 79 nm); both structures have been detected previously in coated vesicle preparations from brain. Coats formed in the presence of AP-2 consistently contain approximately one molecule each of the 100,000-, 50,000-, and 16,000-mol-wt polypeptides per clathrin trimer. By low angle laser light scattering the molecular weight of native AP-2 was determined to be approximately 343,000, indicating that it is a dimer of each of the three subunits, and implying that it is functionally bivalent in clathrin binding. A model for AP-mediated coat assembly is proposed in which a bivalent AP-2 molecule bridges the distal legs or terminal domains of two clathrin trimers that are destined to occupy adjacent vertices in the assembled coat. Binding of a second AP-2 molecule locks these two trimers in register for assembly and further addition of AP-2 to free trimer legs promotes completion of the clathrin lattice. Effects of AP binding on the angle and flexibility of the legs at the hub of the trimer (the "pucker") are suggested to account for the characteristic size distributions of coats formed under varied conditions and, more speculatively, to contribute to the transformation of flat clathrin lattices to curved coated vesicles that are thought to occur during endocytosis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall, the performance pattern of agrammatics reveals considerable sensitivity to syntactic structure per se, particularly where the syntactic relat...
Abstract: A semantic anomaly judgement test was used to test the hypothesis that sentence comprehension errors by agrammatic aphasics arise as a consequence of faulty mapping from syntactic functions to thematic roles. In one condition, anomalies arose out of a thematic role reversal which was carried by the syntactic structure (e.g., # The worm swallowed the bird). Mis-mapping in these cases would have the effect of altering plausibility and hence resulting in erroneous judgments. In a second condition, mismapping was of no consequence (e.g., # The cat divorced the milk). Effects of sentence length (“Padding”) and of the transparency with which thematic roles are syntactically encoded (“Moved-arguments”) were examined across both types of anomaly. Overall, the performance pattern of agrammatics reveals considerable sensitivity to syntactic structure per se. Their difficulty seems to lie in the utilization of syntactic information for the assignment of thematic roles, particularly where the syntactic relat...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To develop an objective and quantitative assay for HA in individual mouse sperm, a computer-assisted motion-analysis system was used to describe sperm translational movements and data suggest that HA is not tightly coupled with CAP.
Abstract: Mammalian sperm hyperactivation (HA) is a change in motility that accompanies capacitation (CAP) and is dependent on calcium (Ca) (Yanagimachi and Usui, Exp Cell Res 89:161, 1974). HA may be important for transport through the female tract and/or for fertilization. To develop an objective and quantitative assay for HA in individual mouse sperm, a computer-assisted motion-analysis system was used to describe sperm translational movements. To determine which movements were characteristic of HA, Ca-dependent motility was identified. This was done by incubating sperm with or without calcium (Ca+ or Ca- sperm, respectively), and determining the range of values for each motility parameter that was present only among Ca+ sperm. To do this, we compared frequency distributions of motility parameter values at the time of maximal CAP (90 min). CAP was monitored by measuring the level of in vitro fertilization and by evaluating the pattern of chlortetracycline binding to individual sperm heads [Ward and Storey, Dev Biol 104:287, 1984]. Two Ca-dependent motility subgroups were apparent: 1) a "slow-speed" subgroup with a curvilinear velocity (Vc) less than 169 microns/sec that had none of the characteristics expected of HA sperm; and 2) a subgroup with higher speeds (Vc greater than 169 microns/sec) and wider-amplitude head movements as measured by curvilinear progressiveness ratio (PRc less than 0.56). The latter subgroup was selected as HA, since the frequencies and time course were similar to those for CAP in the same population. Two media components known to be important for CAP, bicarbonate and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were then tested to determine whether they were necessary for HA. Incubation of sperm without bicarbonate prevented HA, but omitting BSA did not affect HA during the first 3 hrs. These data suggest that HA is not tightly coupled with CAP.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors question traditional assumptions linking organizational career assistance programs with increased employee satisfaction with and commitment to organizations, and propose a model of individual caree cation for individual care e ciency.
Abstract: This study questions traditional assumptions linking organizational career assistance programs with increased employee satisfaction with and commitment to organizations. A model of individual caree...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings from these studies indicate that both processing and distraction defects are present in RHD patients.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The chi-square test as discussed by the authors is applicable to many situations in which experimental frequencies are compared to theoretical frequencies based on a hypothesis, such as tossing a die many times one expects that each of the values one to six will occur one-sixth of the time.
Abstract: The chi-square (x2) test is applicable to many situations in which experimental frequencies are compared to theoretical frequencies based on a hypothesis. For example, in tossing a die many times one expects that each of the values one to six will occur one-sixth of the time. Thus, in 600 tosses the expected frequencies, denoted e 1e2,…,e6, are each 100. We denote the actual frequencies, or observed frequencies, by ol, o2,…, o6.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a cognitive component model of anxiety is proposed and described based on a differentiation of the dimensions of cognition (prepostions/content, operations, products, structures).
Abstract: Building from a differentiation of the dimensions of cognition (prepostions/content, operations, products, structures), a cognitive component model of anxiety is proposed and described. The model consists of the critical psychopathological features, common psychopathological features, and error variance. Cognitive distortions are differentiated from cognitive deficiencies. Specific critical features, such as schematic content and functioning, temporal distortions, and task-irrelevant thought, are described and are considered aspects of cognitive functioning relatively specific to anxiety. Common features, such as self-absorption, automatic processing, capacity limitations, and cognitive asymmetry, are also described but are considered aspects of dysfunctional cognition associated with anxiety as well as some other related psychopathologies. Questions requiring additional research are noted.

Journal ArticleDOI
Saul Axelrod1
TL;DR: Emerging approaches for dealing with inappropriate behavior are to conduct a functional or structural analysis of behavior that may reveal that a maladaptive behavior results in adult attention, is associated with demand situations, or provides reinforcing sensory feedback.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The author reviews recent advances in the understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple personality disorder and suggests that it is most parsimoniously understood as a chronic dissociative posttraumatic stress disorder.
Abstract: Within the last decade, multiple personality disorder has been diagnosed, treated, and studied with increasing frequency. A growing body of literature suggests that this condition is not a rarity but that its manifestations, often coexisting with or obscured by other phenomena, frequently go unrecognized for years within the mental health care delivery system. The author reviews recent advances in the understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple personality disorder. The thrust of the contemporary literature is that it is a difficult-to-diagnose condition that usually follows severe child abuse, that it is most parsimoniously understood as a chronic dissociative posttraumatic stress disorder, and that it has an excellent prognosis when intensive and prolonged psychotherapy with an experienced clinician is available.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The number of chemicals in commerce which have not been evaluated for potential developmental toxicity is large and an abbreviated assay is needed that will preliminarily evaluate otherwise untested chemicals to help prioritize them for conventional testing.
Abstract: The number of chemicals in commerce which have not been evaluated for potential developmental toxicity is large. Because of the time and expense required by conventional developmental toxicity tests, an abbreviated assay is needed that will preliminarily evaluate otherwise untested chemicals to help prioritize them for conventional testing. A proposed short-term in vivo assay has been used in a series of studies in which a total of 60 chemicals were tested. Some were independently tested two or four times each. In this preliminaly test, pregnant mice were dosed during mid-pregnancy and were then allowed to deliver litters. Litter size, birth weight, and neonatal growth and survival to postnatal day 3 were recorded as indices of potential developmental toxicity. Results in this assay and conventional mouse teratology tests were generally concordant. Conventional data were available for 14 chemicals (ten teratogens, one fetotoxin, three nonteratogens), of which 11 (nine teratogens, one fetotoxin, one nonteratogen) produced evidence of developmental toxicity. This included conventional data for three chemicals (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether) that were untested before the present study. As high priority candidates for conventional testing on the basis of results here, all were subsequently studied in a standard teratology assay and were confirmed to be teratogenic in mice. Additionally, one of them (ethylene glycol) plus a fourth high priority candidate for conventional study (diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) were subsequently tested in rats and were found to be teratogenic in that species.

Journal Article
Saul Axelrod1
TL;DR: In this paper, a functional and structural analysis of a maladaptive behavior is presented, and corrective procedures relevant to the function of the inappropriate behavior or its associated stimuli, can be applied.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data indicate that perhaps 17% of an inpatient alcoholic sample use alcohol, in part, to self medicate for anxiety, and diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders among this population may prove critical to relapse prevention.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data indicate that estradiol replacement in oophorectomized rats influenced myocardial glycogen utilization during exhaustive exercise and spared tissue glycogen during submaximal exercise and contributed to the significant improvements in exercise performance observed in this study.
Abstract: The effect of both physiological and pharmacological doses of estradiol on exercise performance and tissue glycogen utilization was determined in oophorectomized estradiol-replaced (ER) rats. Doses...