Temple University

About: Temple University is a education organization based out in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 32154 authors who have published 64375 publications receiving 2219828 citations.

Natural Products as Platforms To Overcome Antibiotic Resistance

Abstract: Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the golden age of antibiotics of the mid-20th century. However, the increasing frequency of antibiotic-resistant infections clearly demonstrates that new antibiotics are critical for modern medicine. Because combinatorial approaches have not yielded effective drugs, we propose that the development of new antibiotics around proven natural scaffolds is the best short-term solution to the rising crisis of antibiotic resistance. We analyze herein synthetic approaches aiming to reengineer natural products into potent antibiotics. Furthermore, we discuss approaches in modulating quorum sensing and biofilm formation as a nonlethal method, as well as narrow-spectrum pathogen-specific antibiotics, which are of interest given new insights into the implications of disrupting the microbiome.

Pericapsular osteotomy of the ilium for treatment of congenital subluxation and dislocation of the hip

Abstract: Sum’gical com’m’ectiomi of the congenitally umistable hip is one of the more difficult problems iii orthopaedic sum’gery. It is ordinarily cam’ried out only after failure of consem’vative treatment om’ in a neglected patient in whomn the condition was not recognized om’ tm’eatmiiemit was miot given sufficiently early in life to warrant comiservative mamiagememit. This paper describes an operatiomi for the correction of the unstable hip, a procedum’e which, in niy experience, is applicable to a wider age group and gives m’esults that am’e mmiom’edepemidable than those obtained by standard procedures. It must be emiiphasized that this is omily a pm’elimnimiary report. Emid results of amiy tm’eatmmmemit for comigenital dislocation of the hip can be determined oily in relatiomi to ultimmiate functiomi of the hips throughout the lifetime of the patient. As a bam’e mnimiinmumii, the hips should be followed until the end of the child’s growth before amiy significant comiclusiomis can be drawn regarding the results of treatment. The opem’atiomi to be described has been used for eight years; a considerable number of the patiemits opem’ated omi have reached skeletal maturity of the structures involved. Omi this 1)asis, I believe it is now appropriate to present the results obtained amid the imidicatiomis fom’ the operation.

Operational lessons from the pathways to desistance project.

Abstract: Implementing a large, longitudinal study of any sample is a major undertaking. The challenges are compounded when the study involves multiple sites and a high-risk sample. This article outlines the methodology for the Pathways to Desistance study, a multisite, longitudinal study of serious juvenile offenders, and discusses the key operational decisions with the greatest impact on the study design.

Salient Region Detection by UFO: Uniqueness, Focusness and Objectness

Abstract: The goal of saliency detection is to locate important pixels or regions in an image which attract humans' visual attention the most. This is a fundamental task whose output may serve as the basis for further computer vision tasks like segmentation, resizing, tracking and so forth. In this paper we propose a novel salient region detection algorithm by integrating three important visual cues namely uniqueness, focus ness and objectness (UFO). In particular, uniqueness captures the appearance-derived visual contrast, focus ness reflects the fact that salient regions are often photographed in focus, and objectness helps keep completeness of detected salient regions. While uniqueness has been used for saliency detection for long, it is new to integrate focus ness and objectness for this purpose. In fact, focus ness and objectness both provide important saliency information complementary of uniqueness. In our experiments using public benchmark datasets, we show that, even with a simple pixel level combination of the three components, the proposed approach yields significant improvement compared with previously reported methods.

The Use of the Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis for the Treatment of Failed Hemiarthroplasty for Proximal Humeral Fracture

Abstract: Background: Humeral hemiarthroplasty is an established treatment for patients with selected fractures of the proximal part of the humerus. However, a subset of patients have development of glenoid arthritis and rotator cuff deficiency due to tuberosity failure. To date, there has been no reliable salvage procedure for this problem. Methods: Over a period of five years, twenty-nine patients (twenty-five women and four men) with a mean age of sixty-nine years (range, forty-two to eighty years) were managed with removal of a hemiarthroplasty prosthesis and revision with a Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis alone or in combination with a proximal humeral allograft. Patients were followed clinically and radiographically for an average of thirty-five months. All patients were evaluated with use of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score; the Simple Shoulder Test; range-of-motion measurements, including abduction, forward flexion, and external rotation; and a rating scale for overall satisfaction with the outcome of the surgery. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at all follow-up points beginning at three months postoperatively. Results: The average total American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved from 22.3 preoperatively to 52.1 at the time of the last follow-up (p < 0.001). The average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons pain score improved from 12.2 to 34.4 (p < 0.001), and the average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons function score improved from 10.1 to 17.7 (p = 0.058). The average Simple Shoulder Test score improved from 0.9 to 2.6 (p = 0.004). Forward flexion improved from 38.1° to 72.7° (p < 0.001), and abduction improved from 34.1° to 70.4° (p < 0.001). The overall complication rate was 28% (eight of twenty-nine). At the time of the latest follow-up, sixteen patients rated the outcome as good or excellent, seven rated it as satisfactory, and six were dissatisfied. Four of the six patients who were dissatisfied had been managed with a Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis alone. Conclusions: The Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis offers a salvage-type solution to the problem of failed hemiarthroplasty due to glenoid arthritis and rotator cuff deficiency following tuberosity failure. The early results reported here are promising. In cases of severe proximal humeral bone deficiency, augmentation of the Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis with a proximal humeral allograft may improve patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.