Temple University

About: Temple University is a education organization based out in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 32154 authors who have published 64375 publications receiving 2219828 citations.

Maturity of judgment in adolescence: Psychosocial factors in adolescent decision making.

Abstract: To date, analyses of differences between adolescents' and adults' judgment have emphasized age differences in cognitive factors presumed to affect decision making. In contrast, this article examines research and theory on threepsychosocial aspects of maturity of judgment: responsibility, temperance, and perspective. For several psychosocial dimensions of maturity that are likely to affect judgment, the existing pvidence, while indirect and imperfect, indicates that the greatest differences are found in comparisons between early adolescents versus middle and late adolescents. Developmental research on maturity that focuses specifically on mid-and late adolescence, that simultaneously examines both cognitive and noncognitive factors, and that investigates the relation between these factors and the ability to make good decisions is greatly needed.

Co-opted Boards

Abstract: We argue that not all independent directors are equally effective in monitoring top management. Specifically, directors who are appointed by the CEO are likely to have stronger allegiance to the CEO and will be weaker monitors. To examine this hypothesis, we propose and empirically deploy two new measures of board composition. Co-option is the fraction of the board comprised of directors appointed after the sitting CEO assumed office. Consistent with Co-option serving to measure board capture, as Co-option increases board monitoring intensity decreases: turnover-performance sensitivity diminishes; pay level increases but without a commensurate increase in pay-performance sensitivity; and investment in hard assets increases. Further analysis suggests that even independent directors who are co-opted are less effective monitors. Non-Co-opted Independence –– the fraction of the board comprised of independent directors who were already on the board before the CEO assumed office –– has more explanatory power for monitoring effectiveness than the traditional measure of board independence.

Bone grafts and bone graft substitutes in orthopaedic trauma surgery. A critical analysis.

Abstract: ![Graphic][1] Osteoinduction is a process that supports the mitogenesis of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, leading to the formation of osteoprogenitor cells that form new bone. ![Graphic][2] The human skeleton has the ability to regenerate itself as part of the repair process. ![Graphic][3] Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein has osteoinductive properties, the effectiveness of which is supported by Level-I evidence from current literature sources. ![Graphic][4] Osteoconduction is a property of a matrix that supports the attachment of bone-forming cells for subsequent bone formation. ![Graphic][5] Osteogenic property is a relatively new term that can be defined as the generation of bone from bone-forming cells. Orthopaedic trauma surgery requires the regular use of bone grafts to help provide timely healing of musculoskeletal injuries. The iliac crest autologous graft remains the gold standard. The morbidity associated with the harvest of bone graft has caused practitioners to seek methods of enhancing healing with bone graft substitutes. The term bone graft substitute describes a spectrum of products that have various effects on bone-healing. Unfortunately, there is little information in the literature about when and where to use these devices. In general, we categorize the properties of bone graft substitutes as osteoinductive, osteoconductive, or osteogenic. Going through the operating room storage areas in our institutions, we find many of these products available, with various trade names that can be misleading and confusing. The purpose of this review is to give the practicing surgeon a basic fund of knowledge on the topic of bone graft substitutes as well as an opinion on the levels of evidence in the current literature supporting the use of the various materials. The answers to the most difficult questions regarding bone graft substitutes require multicenter prospective randomized studies. These are extremely difficult to design and execute, with the cost being the most onerous obstacle. Industrial funding has been one of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif

Ligandin: a Hepatic Protein which Binds Steroids, Bilirubin, Carcinogens and a Number of Exogenous Organic Anions

Abstract: THREE protein preparations from the rat liver 100,000g supernatant fraction have been independently purified to homogeneity. They are basic azodye carcinogen-binding protein (β-ABP)1,2, corticosteroid Binder I3,4 and Y protein5. The compounds they bind include certain steroids and their metabolites, bilirubin and certain carcinogens and their metabolites. Several dyes and cholecystographic agents and other organic anions are also bound (Table 1). Binding occurs whether the compounds are injected in vivo or added in vitro to liver homogenates.