Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 1970"
TL;DR: The hypothesis that, after receiving reward and nonreward, rats excrete differential odors perceptible to other rats was tested by making the correct turn in a T-maze contingent on discrimination of any such odors.
Abstract: The hypothesis that, after receiving reward and nonreward, rats excrete differential odors perceptible to other rats was tested by making the correct turn in a T-maze contingent on discrimination of any such odors. Clear evidence for an "odor of nonreward or frustration" was obtained, and there was the suggestion of a transistory odor after early reward trials.
67 citations
TL;DR: Two experiments were done to determine the empirical relationships among percentage body weight loss, circulating free fatty acids (FFA) and consummatory behavior in rats, and a lipostatic mechanism is proposed which proposes that decreases in circulating FFA concentration may be correlated with satiety and increases in circulate FFA concentrations may be correlation with hunger.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis and physical properties for a series of compounds with general formula Ln(C6H7NO)n(H2O)8−n(ClO4)3(H 2O)x have been reported.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors calculated self-consistent field wave functions by the analyticalexpansion method for the ground state of the laser-active ion, and satisfied the virial theorem to seven significant figures.
Abstract: The need for an accurate description of the electronic structure of the important laseractive ion ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ stimulated this work. We calculated self-consistent-field wave functions by the analytical-expansion method for the ground state of the laser-active ion ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}(Z=60)$, $4{f}^{3}$, $^{4}I$. The results represent the most accurate wave functions for ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ published. All the exponents of the basis functions in the analytical expansion were exhaustively optimized. The virial theorem was satisfied to seven significant figures. Values of $〈{\mathcal{r}}^{n}〉$ for the $4f$ orbital are included.
15 citations
Journal Article•
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test the hypothesis that an apparent latent extinction effect in rats can result from the Ss' reaction to their own odor excreted during prior placements, and four groups of 10 Ss each were given 28 runway acquisition trials followed by four 1-min latent extinction placements.
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that an apparent latent extinction effect in rats can result from the Ss’ reaction to their own odor excreted during prior placements, four groups of 10 Ss each were given 28 runway acquisition trials followed by four 1-min latent extinction placements. Two groups received placements in the empty goalbox. For one of these groups, the goalbox was cleaned before extinction to remove odor cues; for the other group, it was not cleaned. Two additional groups received placements in a neutral box. One of these groups entered a clean goalbox on the first extinction trial, while the other entered a goalbox that (presumably) contained any odors emitted by another animal during placement. Both the odor and site-of-placement variables produced a “latent extinction” effect in the goal-entry speeds, suggesting that latent extinction is a genuine phenomenon but that an apparent latent extinction effect from a response to residual odor is readily obtainable.
14 citations
12 citations
Journal Article•
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three groups of 12 rats received acquisition trials in an alley to a one-pellet reward (G-) followed by extinction trials, where Ss were placed on a feeding surface holding 12 pellets (Groups S12 and C12) or one pellet (Group S1).
Abstract: Three groups of 12 rats received acquisition trials in an alley to a one-pellet reward (G-) followed by extinction trials. Acquisition trials were interspersed with other, “G+,” reward trials in which Ss were placed on a feeding surface holding 12 pellets (Groups S12 and C12) or one pellet (Group S1). On G+ trials, Group C12 Ss were taken directly to the feeding surface from their home cages, whereas Group S12 and S1 Ss were placed into the alley startbox and then removed to the feeding surface. Group S12, but not C12, displayed a strong depression of response speed in S-during acquisition. All three groups differed in start speeds by the end of extinction with C12 the fastest and S12 the slowest.
7 citations
TL;DR: It appears that authoritarianism most affects skill at Interpretation of Arguments and least affects the ability to recognize assumptions inherent in predictive or prescriptive statemem.
Abstract: Since authoritarianism was found to correlate negatively with intelligence (Jacobson & Rettig, 1959), workers have sought the relationship of authoritarianism/dogmatism to other cognitive functions. Significant negative correlations have been found between authorirarianism/dogrnatism and success in deferring judgments (seflective thinking) and solving multi-factor problems (Kemp, 1960; Long & Ziller, 1965). Restle, Andrews, and Rokeach (1964) confirmed superior oddity-problem ability (identifying the odd member of three stimuli) for open-minded Ss. Mouw (1969) found open-minded Ss better than close-minded Ss at solving more complex or more autonomous tasks. Mouw's findings supported Rokeach's notion (1960) that close-minded Ss tend to rely more on authority for direction and support than do open-minded Ss. A more thorough examination of the relationship between the critical thinking-analytic aspect and authoritarianism appears warranted. In August, 1969, as part of a continuing investigation into the interaction of authoritarianism, political preference, and cognitive functioning, 128 high school students responded to the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Form YM (W-G) and a 28item version of the California F scale. Recent evidence (Altemeyer, 1969) supports the reliability of the F scale; but ar a precaution item reversal was employed. The W-G yields a total score plus sub-scores of Inference ( I ) , Recognition of Assumptions (RA), Deduction ( D ) , Interpretation (of Arguments) ( IA) , and Evaluation of Arguments (EA) . 120 Ss adequately completed instruments. Raw total and sub-scores were converted to deviation scores with M = 50 and u = 10; then Pearson ss were computed between authoritarianism and W-G scores and sub-scores. A negatlve p. of m.322 ( p < .01) was found between authoritarianism and total W-G scores Pearsonian rs with W-G sub-scores were: I, -.I91 ( p < .05); RA, -.063; D, -.221 (# < .O5); IA, -.315 ( p < .01); and EA, -.I82 ( p < .05), It appears that authoritarianism most affects skill at Interpretation of Arguments (determining whether conclusions logically follow from given information) and least affects the ability to recognize assumptions inherent in predictive or prescriptive statemem.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Ss were given 96 trials on a simultaneous same-different similarity-dissimilarity task with histoform stimuli exhibiting different amounts of adherence to two generation rules.
Abstract: Ss were given 96 trials on a simultaneous same-different similarity-dissimilarity task with histoform stimuli exhibiting different amounts of adherence to two generation rules. Similarity judgments and number of same-correct responses were found to be a positive function of amount of adherence to a generation rule. Conversely, performance was poorer (i.e., fewer correct, or higher similarity, ratings) as adherence increased on different-correct trials. It was suggested that Ss at least partially respond to learned attributes, but that these attributes are not well distinguished as defining separate classes.
TL;DR: In this article, two statistics are offered for evaluating unconstrained sorting performance in a specific task when categories are E-defined: one statistic is based upon empirically estimated sampling distributions and can be used for determining sorting performance significantly deviant from chance for any number of S-defined categories, regardless of the number of categories used by S.
Abstract: Two statistics are offered for evaluating unconstrained sorting performance in a specific task when categories are E-defined. One statistic is based upon empirically estimated sampling distributions and can be used for determining sorting performance significantly deviant from chance for any number of S-defined categories; the second statistic can be used to evaluate consistencies between S- and E-defined categories, regardless of the number of categories used by S. The present procedure provides a statistical basis for evaluation of performance where no adequate evaluation procedures are now available.
TL;DR: The near ultraviolet absorption spectra of benzene in argon, krypton, and nitrogen have been recorded for deposit temperatures from 4.2 to 30°K.
TL;DR: The jump frequencies and activation energies of F -interstitials and vacancies in SrF 2 crystals have been obtained from the temperature dependence of spin-lattice relaxation time of 19 F as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: This article found that the Pythagorean distance measure was predictive of judgments on pairs of stimuli from the same schema family, but the relationship did not hold for pairs representing two different schemata.
Abstract: Independent groups of Ss rated the similarity of pairs of patterns belonging to the same class, either bef ore or af ter a discrimination task of schematic concept formation (SCF). Mean similarity increased as a function of SCF pretraining. A linear relationship was found between a Pythagorean distance measure on the patterns and subjective similarity of pairs of stimuli (r=.88). No such relationship was obtained from an analysis of judgments from a group that viewed random, nonschematic stimuli. A secondary analysis of the discrimination judgments in the SCF task showed that the Pythagorean distance measure was predictive of judgments on pairs of stimuli from the same schema family, but the relationship did not hold for pairs representing two different schemata. Multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that mildly deviant schematic stimuli were perceived to be instances of a single family. The dimensions describing a schema cluster appeared to be specific to the sample of stimuli. A tendency for the Kruskal procedures to collapse certain types of stimulus clusters was observed and discussed.
TL;DR: Spectra of aqueous copper (II) solutions in chloride and bromide media indicate that at low halide concentrations, mixed aquo-halide complexes exist with aquooxygen being closer to the metal atom than halide ions as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 30-sec non-reinforced goal placement resulted in a facilitation of subsequent runway performance, and the present experiment indicated that the effect was reliable, but it greatly modified the interpretation offered in the earlier article.
Abstract: An earlier article reported that one 30-sec nonreinforced goal placement resulted in a facilitation of subsequent runway performance. The present experiment indicated that the effect was reliable, but it greatly modified the interpretation offered in the earlier article.
TL;DR: It was suggested by Wenderoth that data had been misinterpreted because of an inconsistency between two dependent variables in a study on the one-trial learning controversy initiated by Rock as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: It was suggested by Wenderoth that data had been misinterpreted because of an inconsistency between two dependent variables in a study on the one-trial learning controversy initiated by Rock. The study was further explicated and it was concluded that the previous interpretation was satisfactory.