Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 1975"
TL;DR: In this article, a multidimensional scaling method is proposed to evaluate a student's understanding of the system of concepts underlying the topic areas in an elementary statistics and measurement course, which involves determining the students' and instructor's cognitive maps for the various topics.
Abstract: The teaching-learning process is described in terms of a simple communication model with four components: the sender, the encoding structure, the decoding structure, and the destination. Within this context a method is proposed and illustrated for evaluating a student's understanding of the system of concepts underlying the topic areas in an elementary statistics and measurement course. The method, multidimensional scaling, involves determining the students' and instructor's cognitive maps for the various topics. A cognitive map represents a hypothetical cognitive structure of a student or instructor which characterizes his perceived organization of the concepts in a topic area. These individual cognitive maps were compared to the optimal organization or formal structure, as a basis for assessing the students' under-standing of the material. The present research was exploratory but demonstrated that:
1.
With the help of experts it is possible to define the formal structure for the concepts in a topic area.
2.
It is possible to measure, in a classroom setting, the cognitive maps that both the students and instructors have for a topic area.
3.
By comparing individual students' cognitive maps to the instructor's cognitive map or to the formal structure, the student's understanding of the system of concepts defining the topic area can be evaluated.
49 citations
TL;DR: The evaluation research on the effectiveness of treatments for drug abuse, which is the subject of several papers in this journal issue, is a multi-faceted program of data base management and substantive research involving the Drug Abuse Reporting Program.
Abstract: The evaluation research on the effectiveness of treatments for drug abuse, which is the subject of several papers in this journal issue, is a multi-faceted program of data base management and subst...
47 citations
TL;DR: In this brief summary of results, the “holding power” of different approaches to treatment and how certain patient characteristics are involved were examined and older patients in all types of treatment were less likely to terminate than younger patients.
Abstract: In this brief summary of results, the “holding power” of different approaches to treatment and how certain patient characteristics are involved were examined. In all treatments, rate of termination prior to completion of treatment was high, particularly for the treatments not involving methadone maintenance. Almost three-fourths of the patients in these treatments terminated prior to treatment completion, and most of the terminations were due to quitting. Furthermore it was found that of the patients who terminated, a large number left within a month after admission and over half were gone within 3 months.In terms of patient characteristics which were related to retention, older patients in all types of treatment were less likely to terminate than younger patients. Even among patients who terminated during the first 12 months after admission, older ones tended to stay longer before leaving. Thus, age was related in a consistent manner with maintenance as well as drug-free oriented programs. Other more tre...
37 citations
TL;DR: Death rates and causes of death among opioid addicts in 52 community treatment programs in a national reporting network were compared for 3 consecutive years and consistent decreases in rates each year were found for blacks, patients in the 26 to 30 age range, and patients in MM programs.
Abstract: Death rates and causes of death among opioid addicts in 52 community treatment programs in a national reporting network were compared for 3 consecutive years. The greatest proportion of patients in the base samples were male, 21 to 25 years old, black, and in MM programs. The 275 patients in the deceased sample presented essentially the same profile, with the exception that the older patients were more highly represented among the deceased. Death rates were particularly high during each year for patients over 30 years old. Over the 3 years, death rates increased for whites, addicts 21 to 25 years old, and patients in outpatient DF programs. Consistent decreases in rates each year were found for blacks, patients in the 26 to 30 age range, and patients in MM programs.
28 citations
TL;DR: To determine the relationship of information on glottal area function provided by deviations sensed by the photoelectric glottograph to that derived from a frame-by-frame analysis of ultrahigh-speed photographic film, simultaneous photographic and glottographic recordings were obtained from five subjects.
Abstract: To determine the relationship of information on glottal area function provided by deviations sensed by the photoelectric glottograph to that derived from a frame-by-frame analysis of ultrahigh-spee...
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the stable, intrinsic V-center in CaO single crystals has been produced at room temperature by high-dose electron irradiation, which exhibits an EPR spectrum at 77 K which has 〈100〉 axial symmetry.
26 citations
TL;DR: A Revised Treatment Typology Based on the DARP The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Vol 2, No 1, pp 37-50 as discussed by the authors was published in 1975.
Abstract: (1975) A Revised Treatment Typology Based on the DARP The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Vol 2, No 1, pp 37-50
24 citations
TL;DR: The 1971–1972 DARP patient sample can be generally described as follows: most patients began drug use with marihuana or heroin, and the majority of the sample completed 10 to 12 years of education and had spent time in jail.
Abstract: The 1971–1972 DARP patient sample can be generally described as follows: (1) males were the largest in number (76%), and most patients (73%) were in the age range of 18 to 30 at the time of admission; (2) ethnically, blacks and whites were predominant (46% and 36%, respectively), with smaller representations of Mexican-Americans and Puerto Ricans; (3) pretreatment drug use generally involved opiates daily (68%); (4) most patients began drug use with marihuana (57%) or heroin (21%), usually between the ages of 14 and 20 years old; (5) pretreatment alcohol consumption was generally low, with 68% of the sample reporting their average daily use was zero; and (6) the majority of the sample completed 10 to 12 years of education and had spent time in jail, while 40% were legally involved at the time of admission and almost one-third reported that their major source of support was illegal.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of imagining shocks or other events on later responding to real shocks was studied, and the results suggest that imagining shock facilitated attenuation of the response to real shock.
Abstract: The effect of imagining shocks or other events on later responding to real shocks was studied. Three groups of college subjects imagined either 10 lights, 10 shocks, or nothing, while a fourth group received 10 real shocks. All subjects then received 10 real shocks. Those subjects who imagined the shocks demonstrated fewer trials to an attenuation criterion than subjects imagining a light or receiving neutral stimulation. The results suggest that imagining shock facilitated attenuation of the response to real shocks. Relationships to previous studies were discussed.
8 citations
TL;DR: A close look is taken at several indicators of criminality in a sample of outpatients who were followed for the first 6 to 12 months in methadone maintenance or drug-free treatment programs at 31 different agencies participating in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program.
Abstract: Many studies have pointed to a sharp reduction in criminal activities upon entry into drug treatment programs [1, 2], as well as to a generally low ebb of criminal behavior during treatment. The present study sought to add to such findings by taking a close look at several indicators of criminality in a sample of 3483 outpatients who were followed for the first 6 to 12 months in methadone maintenance or drug-free treatment programs at 31 different agencies participating in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program [3]. The data available on each patient, admitted during a one-year period starting June 1, 1971, consisted of an Admission Record and bimonthly status reports.
7 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the data on employment and productive activities suggests that the drug abuse treatment programs are not being effective in these areas, and it appears that the best results are being obtained with patients above the age of 22.
Abstract: The overall evaluative results indicate that the methadone programs generally have the best marks, at least in relation to retention and outcomes during treatment. The record nevertheless leaves room for much improvement. First, in regard to retention, 45% of MM-A and 38% of MM-CO patients leave treatment under unfavorable conditions within 12 months of admission. As already noted, the retention record of all other treatments is lower than that for MM. Second, with respect to outcome criteria, the noteworthy immediate effects during treatment are on drug use and drug use-related criminal activity. Analysis of the data on employment and productive activities suggests, as found in Cohort 1, that the drug abuse treatment programs are not being effective in these areas. Finally, again in agreement with the Cohort 1 results, it appears that the best results are being obtained with patients above the age of 22. The under-23 segment constitutes about 15% of the MM population, but between 40 to 50% of the patient...
TL;DR: The self-perception of narcotic addicts was investigated using multidimensional scaling techniques and the similarity of pairs of "stimulus people" representing several personality dimensions thought to be relevant to the study of narcoticsaddiction were judged.
Abstract: The self-perception of narcotic addicts was investigated using multidimensional scaling techniques. Subjects consisted of two groups of narcotic addicts and one group of treatment personnel at a federal addiction treatment facility. One group of addict subjects was newly admitted to the treatment center, while the other group had been in treatment for 3 to 5 months. All Ss judged the similarity of pairs of “stimulus people” representing several personality dimensions thought to be relevant to the study of narcotic addiction. The judgments were analyzed using
TL;DR: In summary, it is believed that the index values served quite well as criterion measures, considering the highly skewed distributions of the original data.
Abstract: In summary, it is believed that the index values served quite well as criterion measures, considering the highly skewed distributions of the original data. The index values could be readily interpreted without reference to any statistical distribution, and they lent themselves to the study of levels and patterns of outcomes over time in treatment.
TL;DR: This article found that white Ss perceived the white stimulus person as significantly more similar to themselves and reported that they would be significantly more friendly toward that person than toward the Mexican-American stimulus person.
Abstract: 44 Mexican-American Ss and 44 white Ss in grade 9 rated a white and a Mexican-American stimulus person whose beliefs were unknown on a Similarity, Friendliness, and Social Distance Scale. High- and low-prejudiced Ss were identified by scores on the Social Distance Scale. The high-prejudiced white Ss perceived the white stimulus person as significantly more similar to themselves and reported that they would be significantly more friendly toward that person than toward the Mexican-American stimulus person. No significant difference was obtained for the high-prejudiced Mexican-American Ss' ratings of the Mexican-American and white stimulus persons for either similarity or friendliness or for ratings of low-prejudiced Ss, either white or Mexican-American. Ratings on similarity and friendliness were generally correlated for both Mexican-American and white Ss when level of prejudice was ignored. When level of prejudice was considered, ratings were significantly correlated for high-prejudiced Ss but not for low-prejudiced Ss.
TL;DR: In the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) research on evaluation of treatment effectiveness, a major effort has been devoted to patient classification using Admission Report data relating to the pretreatment background and status of patients.
Abstract: In the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) research on evaluation of treatment effectiveness, a major effort has been devoted to patient classification using Admission Report data relating to the pretreatment background and status of patients. In two previous evaluation studies based on DARP Cohort 1 samples [1,2], the concept of homogeneous grouping of patients proved to be informative and useful in predicting differential outcomes in treatment. Due to the addition of new agencies and revisions in admission policies in those agencies continuing in the program during Cohort 2, however, there was a question regarding whether or not the same strategy should be employed as for Cohort 1. More specifically, it was a question of whether the patient types developed for the earlier cohort were still fully applicable.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Evaluation of patient outcomes while the patient is still in treatment should generally show expected effects even though it may not be possible to determine whether such effects will persist after treatment is terminated.
Abstract: The results of drug-abuse treatments can be evaluated both during treatment and post treatment. While posttreatment follow-up studies are of primary importance, the study of the immediate effects of treatments is useful in its own right. Evaluation of patient outcomes while the patient is still in treatment should generally show expected effects even though it may not be possible to determine whether such effects will persist after treatment is terminated. Such evaluation can also assist in answering questions concerning the relative efficacy of different approaches to treatment.
TL;DR: The authors found that an individual's perception of others' contributions to a dyadic communication was a significant factor in determining his satisfaction with that dialogue, while females employed more mutual oriented statements to describe their experience, while males employed more self-oriented statements.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative influence of an individual's orientation toward himself and others by ascertaining his satisfaction with a dyadic communication experience. Subjects were randomly paired and given thirty minutes to engage in a dialogue with their partner about any topic they should choose. At the end of this period, subjects completed a satisfaction scale and wrote an essay about the experience. The essay was evaluated by content analysis. A linear regression and analyses of variance were computed for the data used. Results indicated that an individual's perception of others’ contributions to a dyadic communication was a significant factor in determining his satisfaction with that dialogue. It was also found that males employed more mutual‐oriented statements to describe their experience, while females employed more self‐oriented statements.
TL;DR: In this article, bands observed in the absorption spectra of solid xenon deposited at 53 and 57 K are assumed to be two separate Wannier exciton series and a possible antiresonance band is also observed and may result from interactions between the two series.