Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 1982"
TL;DR: The overall findings indicate that treatment in methadone maintenance, therapeutic communities, and outpatient drug-free programs was effective in improving posttreatment performance with respect to drug use, criminality, and productive activities.
Abstract: The results of the treatment evaluation research based on the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) are summarized and discussed. The DARP is a data system containing almost 44,000 admissions during 1969 to 1973 to 52 treatment programs located throughout the United States and in Puerto Rico. The current report focuses on the findings of a number of interlocking posttreatment follow-up studies based on data for three independent samples representing admissions to this system. These data include a total of 4,627 interviews conducted 5 to 7 years after admission to the DARP, and an average of over 4 years after termination from treatment. The overall findings indicate that treatment in methadone maintenance, therapeutic communities, and outpatient drug-free programs was effective in improving posttreatment performance with respect to drug use, criminality, and productive activities. Significantly poorer outcomes were reported for outpatient detoxification programs and a group of comparison (intake only) clients.
492 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In the family communication: cohesion and change as mentioned in this paper, a framework of family functions, current research, and first-person narratives is used to emphasize the diversity of today's families in structure, ethnic patterns, gender socialization, and developmental experiences.
Abstract: Family Communication: Cohesion and Change encourages students to think critically about family interaction patterns and to analyze them using a variety of communication theories. Using a framework of family functions, current research, and first-person narratives, this text emphasizes the diversity of today's families in structure, ethnic patterns, gender socialization, and developmental experiences.
New for the tenth edition are expanded pedagogical features to improve learning and retention, as well as updates on current theory and research integrated throughout the chapters for timely analysis and discussion. Cases and research featured in each chapter provide examples of concepts and themes, and a companion website offers expanded resources for instructors and students.
On the book's companion website, www.routledge.com/cw/galvin, intstructors will find a full suite of online resources to help build their courses and engage their students, as well as an author video introducing the new edition:
Course Materials
Syllabi & Suggested Calendars
Course Projects & Paper Examples
Essay Assignments
Test/Quiz Questions and Answer Keys
Case Studies in Family Communication
Family Communication Film and Television Examples
Family Communication in Literature Examples
Chapter Outlines
Detailed Outlines
Discussion Questions
Case Study Questions
Sample Chapter Activities
Chapter PowerPoint Slides
272 citations
TL;DR: Results confirm previous laboratory studies which showed that filter-feeding gizzard shad are not size-selective predators, as is typically assumed of planktivorous fish, but instead feed on those animals which have little ability to escape, so that their predation results in a community shift toward the more evasive prey.
Abstract: Comparison of ponds containing gizzard shad with control ponds without fish showed that gizzard shad predation suppressed populations of Keratella sp., Diaphanosoma brachyurum, copepod nauplii, Chaoborus sp., and cyclopoid copepodids and adults, but enhanced populations of Diaptomus pallidus copepodids and adults. These results confirm previous laboratory studies which showed that filter-feeding gizzard shad are not size-selective predators, as is typically assumed of planktivorous fish, but instead feed on those animals which have little ability to escape, so that their predation results in a community shift toward the more evasive prey.
108 citations
TL;DR: A model of filtering rate, the product of buccal volume and pumping rate, was corroborated by feeding trials in which gizzard shad cleared zooplankton from a pool, and absolute filtering rates increase as a power function of fish length while filtering rate per gram of fish decreases as aPower function of length.
Abstract: In laboratory feeding trials, gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum of 5.3–17.5-cm standard length fed on zooplankton as pump filter feeders, collecting prey by a series of rapid suctions not directed at individual prey. Buccal volume, determined from plaster casts, increases as a power function of fish standard length. Pumping rates decrease exponentially with length. A model of filtering rate, the product of buccal volume and pumping rate, was corroborated by feeding trials in which gizzard shad cleared zooplankton from a pool. By this model, absolute filtering rates increase as a power function of fish length while filtering rate per gram of fish decreases as a power function of length. Populations of gizzard shad can filter substantial volumes of lake water each hour.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extend earlier periodical prestige research by determining journal prestige for three criminal justice membership categories and reexamine the emergent rankings, controlling for a potentially salient variable (previous journal publication).
51 citations
TL;DR: In laboratory feeding trials, the feeding behavior and selectivity of the cichlid, Sarotherodon galilaeum, for zooplankton prey from Lake Kinneret, Israel, was analyzed and it was found that particulate-feeding fish were size selective and had highest feeding electivities for large-sized zoopLankton species.
Abstract: In laboratory feeding trials, we analyzed the feeding behavior and selectivity of the cichlid, Sarotherodon galilaeum, for zooplankton prey from Lake Kinneret, Israel. The feeding behavior was dependent on fish size. Fish less than 20 mm SL fed on zooplankton as obligate particulate feeders. Fish from 20 to 42 mm SL fed either as particulate feeders or as filter feeders. Fish larger than 62 mm SL fed as obligate filter feeders. Particulate-feeding fish were size selective and had highest feeding electivities for large-sized zooplankton species. Filter-feeding fish had highest feeding electivities for zooplankton species with poor escape ability. In general, S. galilaeum predation pressure would be greatest on Ceriodaphnia reticulata, a large-bodied and easily captured species which is selected by both particulate-feeding and filter-feeding fish.
43 citations
TL;DR: This chapter consists of a presentation of the historical and theoretical foundations of networking, a description of the empirical assessments, a comparison of networking with spatial text strategies developed in other laboratories, and a discussion of the future of networking.
Abstract: Networking is a content-independent text learning stragegy that requires the student to transform text material into two-dimensional maps. Key ideas (nodes) are related to one another by a set of six empirically derived relationships (links). This chapter consists of a presentation of the historical and theoretical foundations of networking, a description of the empirical assessments, a comparison of networking with spatial text strategies developed in other laboratories, and a discussion of the future of networking.
38 citations
TL;DR: The Worldmindedness Scale (Wscale) developed by Sampson and Smith was administered to 376 professional buyers by mail questionnaire to determine the incidence of worldmindedness among them and its...
Abstract: The Worldmindedness scale (W-scale) developed by Sampson and Smith was administered to 376 professional buyers by mail questionnaire to determine the incidence of worldmindedness among them and its...
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the inner-shell ionization cross section of argon and other rare-gas atoms was determined for the 4- to 10-keV energy range using the Bethe theory, the Born approximation of McGuire, and the classical binary encounter theory.
Abstract: As part of an experiment to study atomic-field bremsstrahlung produced by electron bombardment of rare-gas atoms in the 4- to 10-keV energy range, we have determined the characteristic x-ray production cross section for the $K$ shell of argon and the $L$ shells of krypton and xenon. We compare our results for the inner-shell ionization cross section with the Bethe theory, the plane-wave Born approximation of McGuire, and the classical binary encounter theory as well as with previous experiments. Using the observed validity of classical scaling over this energy range, and the known average $K$-shell fluorescence yield for argon, we have determined the average $L$-shell fluorescence yield for xenon and krypton.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a computer experiment on a one-dimensional self-gravitating system is described and the authors attempt to observe the dynamic time required for this system to thermalize by comparing the position and velocity densities with those predicted by the microcanonical ensemble.
Abstract: A computer experiment on a one-dimensional self-gravitating system is described We attempt to observe the dynamic time required for this system to thermalize by comparing the position and velocity densities with those predicted by the microcanonical ensemble Hohl and Broaddus (1967) have previously reported an estimate of the thermalization time which is inferred from studies of the kinetic energy covariance We ran the system for the time which they report and find that the system has not thermalized Furthermore, there is no evidence that the system is even proceeding towards equilibrium in the time-scale considered here Significant changes in the distribution do occur in a short time, after which the system remains in a stationary state which is not characteristic of equilibrium
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the polarized and depolarized Raman spectra of methanol in the CH 3 stretching region (2800-3000 cm −1 ) were measured in the neat liquid as a function of concentration and at various concentrations in the solvents water, dimethyl sulfoxide and carbon tetrachloride.
TL;DR: The fluorescence intensity measure of sympathetic fibers that relates to neurotransmitter content is most appropriate to use in future studies of behavior, because this measure was consistently well correlated with behavioral changes.
Abstract: After septohippocampal damage in the rat, a growth of fibers of sympathetic origin is observed in the hippocampus. The time course of this growth parallels the changes in behavior seen after septal lesions. This study determined quantitatively which pattern of behavioral changes was most closely associated with the growth of sympathetic fibers. We found two patterns of behavioral change associated with the growing fibers. One pattern was of “recovery” behaviors, whereas the other was of “deficit” behaviors. The recovery behaviors included tactile reactivity and open-field activity. The deficit behaviors included shock and heat reactivity. In addition, we argue that the fluorescence intensity measure of sympathetic fibers that relates to neurotransmitter content is most appropriate to use in future studies of behavior, because this measure was consistently well correlated with behavioral changes.
TL;DR: In this article, 3-hydroxy-4-methylacetophenone has been investigated in the red seaweed Laurencia chilensis and showed that it can be obtained from the seaweed Laurencia.
TL;DR: Wild-type male embryos and young larvae of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were more sensitive than wild-type hermaphrodites to inactivation by gamma rays because they have one X chromosome per cell, and the predominant mode of inactivation of XO animals involves damage to the single X chromosome.
Abstract: Wild-type male embryos and young larvae of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were more sensitive than wild-type hermaphrodites to inactivation by gamma rays; wild-type males have one X chromosome per cell (XO), whereas wild-type hermaphrodites have two (XX). Furthermore, after transformation into fertile hermaphrodites by a her-1 mutation, XO animals were more radiosensitive than XX her-1 animals; and XX animals transformed into fertile males by a tra-1 mutation did not show increased radiosensitivity. It is concluded that wild-type males are more radiosensitive than wild-type hermaphrodites because they have one X chromosome rather than two, and the predominant mode of inactivation of XO animals involves damage to the single X chromosome. No sex-specific differences in survival were observed after UV irradiation.
TL;DR: The terrestrial crabs Gecarcinus ruricola and G. lateralis are sympatrically distributed in many areas of the Caribbean and shows an increase in mean size from eastern to western localities, but growth in both species is allometric.
Abstract: The terrestrial crabs Gecarcinus ruricola and G. lateralis are sympatrically distributed in many areas of the Caribbean. Biometric analyses were conducted using four carapace dimensions and branchial volumes for both species throughout the Caribbean. Mean size of adult G. ruricola does not differ significantly among areas of the Caribbean. G. lateralis shows an increase in mean size from eastern to western localities. The carapace of G. ruricola lateral to the orbits is proportionally larger than the corresponding area of G. lateralis, but growth in both species is allometric. Thus, one should employ caution in using carapace ratios for taxonomic discrimination between the species. The branchial chambers of both G. lateralis and G. ruricola increase in size approximately as the cube of the carapace length. An expansion in the lateral carapace dimension of G. ruricola provides a small increase in branchial volume and a relatively larger increase in surface area which presumably facilitates gaseous exchange with the atmosphere. G. lateralis occurs most frequently in the presence of easily burrowed sandy substrate with at least moderate protection by vegetation. G. ruricola occurs almost exclusively under a forest canopy where it seeks protection in crevices, holes, or other retreats with minimal need for burrowing.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tested the hypothesis that there should be a positive and significant relationship between innovativeness and cognitive complexity and found a Pearson product-moment correlation of.43 for 75 college men and women.
Abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that there should be a positive and significant relationship between innovativeness and cognitive complexity. A Pearson product-moment correlation of .43 confirmed the hypothesis for 75 college men and women.
TL;DR: In this article, the absorption spectra of normal and deuterated diacetylene trapped in solid argon at 9 K were investigated in the near-ultraviolet region between 2000 and 3000 A.
TL;DR: Recidivism rates and recidivism proportions for return to a state of daily opioid use following discharge from drug abuse treatment were studied for a sample of Black and White male daily opioid users.
Abstract: Recidivism rates and recidivism proportions for return to a state of daily opioid use following discharge from drug abuse treatment were studied for a sample of Black and White male daily opioid users. The rates and proportions were analyzed by treatment type and time in treatment. Significantly higher recidivism proportions were found for shorter tenure clients.
TL;DR: In this article, single-crystal X-ray structures of 9-hydroxy-1,4-dimethylthioxanthenium bis(carbomethoxy)methylide and 1,4oxathianium bis (carbometHoxy) methylide are reported.
TL;DR: It was found that 60% of the total sample reported no opioid drug use and 78% reported no daily use during the year immediately before the follow-up interview, while long-term status was slightly more favorable for persons treated in DARP, MM, TC, and DF programs, compared to DT and IO clients.
Abstract: A sample of 2,099 Black and White male daily opioid drug users admitted to drug abuse treatment programs located across the United States were followed up 5 to 6 years after admission. Follow-up interviews focused on posttreatment behavioral functioning, including drug and alcohol use, treatment reentry, criminality, and employment. The sample included Black and White males in the nationally oriented Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) who were admitted to methadone maintenance (MM), therapeutic community (TC), outpatient drug-free (DF), and outpatient detoxification (DT) programs; in addition, intake-only (IO) who never returned to receive treatment in the DARP were included as a comparison group. This study examined the status of these former addicts during the year immediately before the follow-up interview. It was found that 60% of the total sample reported no opioid drug use and 78% reported no daily use. Furthermore, over one-third had no illicit drug use at all during the year, as well as no arrest...
TL;DR: A detailed review of the postulation, preparation, and properties of five-membered hetarynes can be found in this article, where a central role in both the overextension and maturing of the aryne concept is played by five-memory hetaries.
Abstract: Concepts as well as matter exhibit the property of inertia. Truly new concepts meet an initial resistance proportional to their novelty, which, if it is overcome, converts to a powerful force directed at extending the idea far beyond its original sphere of applicability and appropriateness. Science is no less subject to this generalization than are the social sciences and humanities but has the obvious advantage of permitting—or rather requiring—the constant testing of its concepts against experimental fact. One of the best illustrations of such intellectual inertia in chemistry is found in the concept of reactive intermediates. Free radicals, carbanions, carbenes, and carbenium ions have all gone through this cycle of postulation, proof, overextension, and retrenchment. The consequences of this process are such modifications as radicaloids, complexed carbanions, carbenoids, and the “nonclassical ion problem.” The concept of the aryne intermediate has also followed this path albeit more recently and with less fanfare than some of its relatives. A central role in both the overextension and maturing of the aryne concept is played by five-membered hetarynes. It is the purpose of this chapter to critically examine this role through a detailed review of the postulation, preparation, and properties of five-membered hetarynes.
TL;DR: In this article, O2 consumption rates of Sceloporus undulatus garmani were determined diurnally and nocturnally at acclimation temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C.
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: The importance of toxic elements in environmental chemistry is rarely questioned, but a relatively small number of elements (mercury, lead, and cadmium) have received a large share of researchers' attention.
Abstract: The importance of toxic elements in environmental chemistry is rarely questioned, but a relatively small number of elements (mercury, lead, and cadmium) have received a large share of researchers’ attention. The environmental chemistry of the transition metals, e.g., chromium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, etc., has also been investigated principally because of their roles in metabolism, especially enzymatic processes. However, two non-metals, arsenic and selenium, and two metals, beryllium and vanadium, are elements which will become more significant in the future from environmental and toxicological points of view. Arsenic and selenium have been investigated, but much more work is needed because of the importance of these two elements in the environment. The author considers beryllium and vanadium to be “problem metals of the future”. The primary exposure route for both beryllium and vanadium is via the atmosphere and as lower environmental standards are imposed, more uses are found for each element, and more fossil fuels (source of V) are burned, the amounts added to the atmosphere will have more significance.
TL;DR: This study presents descriptive information on treatment modality units of drug treatment clinics participating in the Client Oriented Data Acquisition Process (CODAP) and the National Drug Abuse Treatment Utilization Survey (NDATUS) data systems.
Abstract: This study presents descriptive information on treatment modality units of drug treatment clinics participating in the Client Oriented Data Acquisition Process (CODAP) and the National Drug Abuse Treatment Utilization Survey (NDATUS) data systems. The units described were (1) drug-free outpatient-nonopiate orientation (DFO-N), (2) drug-free outpatient-opiate orientation (DFO-O), (3) methadone maintenance (MM), (4) drug-free residential (DFR), (5) detoxification-outpatient (DTOP), (6) detoxification-inpatient (DTIP), and (7) day care (DC). The major focus was on the first five units since there were relatively few DTIP and DC units which met the criteria for inclusion in the study. The study was based on 1,077 units. These units represented 73,856 admissions in the first half of 1977. The different types of modality units were compared on client flow information, client aggregate background characteristics, client aggregate drug use at admission, client aggregate outcomes at discharge (drug use, employment...
TL;DR: The authors consider rhetorical challenges faced by leaders of moderate protest movements through a case study of the Vietnam Moratorium Committee and its interactions with followers, the media, third parties, and the target establishment, the Nixon Administration.
Abstract: This essay considers rhetorical challenges faced by leaders of moderate protest movements through a case study of the Vietnam Moratorium Committee and its interactions with followers, the media, third parties, and the target establishment, the Nixon Administration.
TL;DR: The changes in catecholamine innervation over time suggested a decrease in central innervation with a subsequent increase in the ingrowth of sympathetic fibers, which converged in support of the objective microfluorometric measurement of sympathohippocampal ingrowth in histofluorescence preparations.
TL;DR: The relationships between the response and the physical parameters of the stimulus are investigated and the total force exerted by a subject, and the duration of the subjects response are linearly related to the multiplicative interaction of stimulus current and stimulus duration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated predictors of drug treatment retention of individual clients in terms of a contextual model, which involved eight components: socioecological factors, clinic attributes, clinic staffing and services, clinic sociodemographic (aggregate) characteristics, 5) clinic deviance characteristics, 6) individual level client socio-economic characteristics, 7) individual-level client deviance characteristic, and 8) individuallevel client retention outcomes (time in treatment and quit or expelled termination status).
Abstract: This study investigated predictors of drug treatment retention of individual clients in terms of a contextual model. The model involved eight components: 1) socioecological factors, 2) clinic attributes, 3) clinic staffing and services, 4) clinic sociodemographic (aggregate) characteristics, 5) clinic deviance (aggregate) characteristics, 6) individual level client sociodemographic characteristics, 7) individual level client deviance characteristics, and 8) individual level client retention outcomes (time in treatment and quit or expelled termination status). The components were represented in the study by variables developed from census data, and National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) CODAP and NDATUS data bases. This model was analyzed by path analysis for clients in methadone maintenance programs.There was consistent support for the relationships expected among the components of the model. The socioecological variables predicted the types of clients that entered treatment in terms of clinic level (agg...