Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 1987"
TL;DR: This paper found that the taxpayers' attitudes toward risk could be affected by whether they perceive a tax payment as reduced income or as a loss, and the magnitude of the tax savings and penalty structure.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two groups of part-time employees were compared to full-time workers on several organizationally relevant reactions and behaviours in order to replicate and extend research on potential employment status differences.
Abstract: SUMMARY Two groups of part-time employees were compared to full-time employees on several organizationally relevant reactions and behaviours in order to replicate and extend research on potential employment status differences. After controlling for demographics, it was found that there were mean differences between the groups; however, no evidence was found for differences in how the various groups 'process' organizational experience. Based on the results, irnplications for managing part- versus full-time employees are discussed. An examination of recent trends in the employment pattern reveals that an increasing number of persons work on a part-time basis. Statistics indicate that the percentage of part-time workers has increased from 13 per cent in 1967, to over 18 per cent by 1984 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1982, 1984; Monthly Labor Review, 1968). These data underscore the importance of examining issues associated with the management of the portion of the labour force who work part-time in addition to those who work fulltime. To the extent that important differences exist, such distinctions need to be reflected in an organization's policies that are directed at the effective utilization of human resources. While research comparing part-time and full-time employees' reactions to work has produced inconsistent findings (see, for example, Eberhardt and Shani, 1984; Logan, O'Reilly and Roberts, 1973; Miller and Terborg, 1979), other evidence suggests that full- and part-time employees may 'process' organizational experience differently. Evidence for this conclusion is based on research by Kline and Peters (1984), Logan et a!. (1973), Peters, Jackofsky and Salter (1981), and Salter, Peters and Jackofsky
90 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that the reluctance to transmit bad news is a self-presentational display, not a product of intra-psychic discomfort, and that subjects who believe that they are visible to the peer take twice as long to deliver failure feedback as success feedback.
84 citations
80 citations
TL;DR: Estradiol-17β and progesterone were found in the mandibular organ, green gland, hepatopancreas, ovary and serum of the American lobster by radioimmunoassay and their concentration in animals with immature ovaries was essentially the same as that found in Animals with developing ovaries.
74 citations
67 citations
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56 citations
TL;DR: Particle ingestion by filter-feeding Galilee Saint Peter's fish Tilapia galilaea increased as a function of particle size, leveling off when particle diameter exceeded 20 μm, and ingestion rates increased with particle concentration.
Abstract: Particle ingestion by filter-feeding Galilee Saint Peter's fish Tilapia galilaea increased as a function of particle size, leveling off when particle diameter exceeded 20 μm. Ingestion rates by this cichlid also increased with particle concentration, asymptotically approaching maxima of 4,785 and 84,746 particles˙fish −1˙min−1 for small (3.9–6.0 cm standard length, SL) and large (12.6–14.3 cm SL) fish, respectively. Surgical removal of gill rakers and microbranchiospines did not affect particle ingestion rates or selectivity.
52 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the relationship between beginning speakers' self-reported speech state anxiety and audience perceptions of that anxiety, during public speaking performances and found that untrained audiences are not proficient at detecting the self-perceived state anxiety of beginning speakers.
Abstract: The relationship between beginning speakers’ self‐reported speech state anxiety and audience perceptions of that anxiety, during public speaking performances are investigated in this study. The results indicate that untrained audiences are not proficient at detecting the self‐perceived state anxiety of beginning speakers. Moreover, audiences perceive speaker anxiety levels to be lower, during performance, than the speakers themselves report. Implications of the findings for students and instructors of public speaking are suggested.
46 citations
TL;DR: Deafferentation of septo-hippocampal projections results in sprouting of sympathetic noradrenergic fibers into the hippocampus, and zinc increase may be related to a nerve growth factor-like protein responsible for the initiation of sympathetic sprouting.
Abstract: Deafferentation of septo-hippocampal projections results in sprouting of sympathetic noradrenergic (NA) fibers into the hippocampus. To determine whether dentate granule cells are necessary for the initiation and/or direction of this sprouting, both NA intensity and zinc density were microspectrophotometrically quantified at 10 or 30 days after selective neurotoxin lesions of either granule cells or CA3 pyramidal cells, and electrolytic lesions of medial septum. Groups with elevated zinc density at 10 days also had significantly higher NA levels at 30 days. Destruction of granule cells eliminated the rise in zinc and prevented the NA increase. The zinc increase may be related to a nerve growth factor-like protein responsible for the initiation of sympathetic sprouting.
TL;DR: The authors evaluated the impact of cooperative interactions among students during studying and test taking Comparisons were made between four groups: cooperative learning/cooperative testing; cooperative learning and individual testing; individual learning/collaborative testing; and individual learning and cooperative testing All participants were instructed on a learning and test-taking strategy Cooperative groups applied the strategy in dyads and individual groups applied it in isolation Repeated measures analyses of free recall tests over two 2500-word passages indicated positive transfer of cooperative testtaking training to individual study and testtaking for a quantitative measure of recall.
TL;DR: A theoretical framework is constructed that may be useful to the manager, or the system designer, in channeling office automat efforts in the right direction, based on Henry Mintzberg's concept of managerial roles.
Abstract: Much attention currently is being aimed at office automation. Proponents are recognizing its potential value to the manager as an information resource, in addition to its initial focus on improved clerical operations. However, proponents are recommending office automation as an information system without citing any basis, theoretical or empirical, for their claims. The authors construct a theoretical framework that may be useful to the manager, or the system designer, in channeling office automat efforts in the right direction. The framework is based on Henry Mintzberg's concept of managerial roles, and is presented in the context of data gathered from five senior executives.
TL;DR: The individual differences of need for achievement, anxiety, locus of control, and gender were explored to determine their intervening role in intrinsic motivational processes following objective competence information in two experiments as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, a revised exchange orientation scale was constructed and the items selected were judged relevant to exchange and passed internal consistency tests as well as differentiating between high and low scorers.
Abstract: The literature regarding exchange-orientation in relationship to marital adjustment and cohabitation and friendship compatibility is briefly reviewed and a revised exchange-orientation scale is constructed. The items selected were judged relevant to exchange and passed internal consistency tests as well as differentiating between high and low scorers. Various versions for husbands and wives are presented. All versions show high reliability as measured by coefficient alpha.
TL;DR: The Amphetamine-induced increase in AA is only partly dependent on dopamine (DA) receptor stimulation whereas the amphetamine- induced increase in UA is completely dependent upon DA receptor stimulation.
Abstract: Amphetamine produces dramatic changes in extracellular ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) in rat caudate; the origin of extracellular AA and UA is being widely investigated. In this study, linear sweep voltammetry with carbon paste electrodes was used to monitor extracellular AA and UA levels in conscious behaving rats. Amphetamine (2 and 4 mg/kg) produced a dose-related increase in UA; the increase in AA was very similar at both doses. Haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) blocked the amphetamine-induced increase in UA but reduced the AA increase only by about 20%. Thus the amphetamine-induced increase in AA is only partly dependent on dopamine (DA) receptor stimulation whereas the amphetamine-induced increase in UA is completely dependent upon DA receptor stimulation.
TL;DR: Cholinergic drugs modulate striatal extracellular AA levels by predominantly central rather than peripheral effects, and cholinergic antagonist scopolamine produced a dramatic increase in UA levels that was reduced by pilocarpine.
TL;DR: In this article, the reduction of aryl nitro groups by the palladium-sodium borohydride system can be controlled in some instances to give products differing from those of catalytic hydrogenation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a structuralisomer of 2 was obtained via the cycloaddition of Me3SiCCH with the (methylene) phosphorane, R2N-P(=S)-S-CR-CHCHR (3), from which removal of one sulfur atom (with Ph3P) results in a rearrangement to another 4-membered ring.
TL;DR: A. P. Sanders, "Jesus and Judaism", this paper, discusses the relationship between the prophet and the prophet of the covenantal nomism du Judaisme de son temps.
Abstract: L'A. se refere a : E. P. Sanders, " Jesus and Judaism ", Philadelphie, Fortress, 1985. Il critique la these de Sanders : Jesus ne partageait pas le " covenantal nomism " du Judaisme de son temps, il l'a au contraire rejete. Il examine : la predication de Jean-Baptiste| Jesus et la restauration d'Israel| Jesus et la Loi| la nouvelle alliance| Jesus comme sauveur: Jesus et les " pecheurs "
TL;DR: Seasonal differences in effects on phytoplankton by Menidia and between residual and contemporary effects of Dorosoma appear to be related to the presence of large-bodied Daphnia in the April-June experiment.
Abstract: We conducted three changeover experiments in large outdoor tanks to evaluate the persistence of effects of an omnivorous, filter-feeding, clupeid fish (Dorosoma cepedianum) on plankton community structure in different seasons. The experimental design included four prechangeover treatment combinations of Dorosoma and a zooplanktivorous atherinid fish, Menidia beryllina (neither, one, or both fishes present). At the changeover, we moved Dorosoma from half of the tanks containing Dorosoma to half of the tanks previously lacking Dorosoma. Enhancement of phytoplankton by Dorosoma in the prechangeover period was a persistent effect in the DecemberFebruary and July-Septcmbcr changeover experiments. In the April-June experiment, phytoplankton responded primarily to the postchangeovcr Dorosoma treatments and showed few residual effects. Zooplankton effects of Dorosoma were not persistent. Menidia enhanced phytoplankton in the April-June expcrimcnt only, even though it reduced crustacean zooplankton in all three changeover experiments. Seasonal differences in effects on phytoplankton by Menidia and between residual and contemporary effects of Dorosoma appear to be related to the presence of large-bodied Daphnia in the April-June experiment.
TL;DR: In a study linking the characteristics of androgyny and Machiavellianism to the use of self-disclosure, participants were asked to complete two writing tasks.
Abstract: In a study linking the characteristics of androgyny and Machiavellianism to the use of self-disclosure, participants were asked to complete two writing tasks. The tasks consisted of an influence situation (soliciting donations) and an affiliative situation (getting acquainted). The hypotheses were that Machiavellian females would be more self-disclosing on the influence task, androgynous individuals would be more self-disclosing on the affiliative task, and that the affiliative task would elicit more self-disclosure than the influence task. Results indicated that Machiavellian males were actually more self-disclosing on the influence task, and non-Machiavellian males were more self-disclosing on the affiliative task. Higher self-disclosure overall was elicited by the affiliative task, and there was some support for the hypothesis that androgynous individuals are more self-disclosing in an affiliative task.
TL;DR: The authors analyzes the standard method of testing for first order stochastic dominance from a statistical viewpoint and applies a boundary crossing algorithm to approximate the resulting error probabilities, which is useful when large sample simulations are not feasible.
Abstract: This study analyzes the standard method of testing for first order stochastic dominance from a statistical viewpoint and applies a boundary crossing algorithm to approximate the resulting error probabilities. Error probabilities can be estimated even when the two distributions are not equal. This approach, which is useful when large sample simulations are not feasible, helps clarify some of the unusual results obtained by Kroll and Levy in an earlier study.
TL;DR: There are indications, however, that the relationship is more complex, with learning disabled adolescents more likely to develop severe delinquent behaviors than are their nondisabled peers, but unlikely to exhibit a middle ground between delinquent and nondelinquent behavior.
Abstract: There has been a great deal of debate as to whether or not there is a direct relationship between learning disabilities and delinquent behavior. While the relationship was well established for adjudicated youth, it was more uncertain for adolescents not actively involved with the juvenile justice system. There are indications, however, that the relationship is more complex, with learning disabled (LD) adolescents more likely to develop severe delinquent behaviors than are their nondisabled peers, but unlikely to exhibit a middle ground between delinquent and nondelinquent behavior. It is hypothesized that this difference is due to the ability of most LD children and adolescents to adapt through developing skills that allow them to compensate for their handicapping conditions. Implications for future research are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, symbolic interactionists have defined identities and conceptualized the future, including definitions of identities as instrumental or categorical, and general depictions of the future as restoring or externalizing.
Abstract: This article uses the symbolic interactionist perspective to discuss situated identities as linked to the projection of shared futures. First, a theoretical discussion is provided on how interactionists have defined identities and conceptualized the future. This discussion includes definitions of identities as instrumental or categorical, and general depictions of the future as restoring or externalizing. Then a role-playing study is illustrated involving dyads constructing a job interview. Their videotaped interactions are thickly described. This analysis demonstrates how the process of linking interpersonal situated identities to broader future-oriented concerns involves the construction of four distinct but interrelated empirical shared futures: the performable, patterned, implied mandatory, and codified futures. Further, the construction of identities and projection of futures involves a negotiated reality whereby interactants reassert, bolster, challenge, and reframe identities.
TL;DR: Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the authors simultaneously estimates stock return variances and interest rates implied in market option prices, showing that the shorter term options exhibit greater implied stock variances than do longer term options.
TL;DR: Though the Judeo-Christian tradition seems to have played a negative role in the past, the contemporary church, in concert with other institutions, can generate a moral force to help overcome homophobia.
Abstract: A parallel is suggested between the way blacks have been treated in this country with the way some people view homosexuality. A critique of the origins of the homosexuality taboo and of the argument that homosexual persons are uniquely pathological follows. Though the Judeo-Christian tradition seems to have played a negative role in the past, the contemporary church, in concert with other institutions, can generate a moral force to help overcome homophobia.
03 Apr 1987-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms
TL;DR: In this article, the total cross section for ionization of the K shell by bombarding thin foil targets with 100 keV electrons from an electrostatic accelerator was measured by normalization to the theoretical atomic-field bremsstrahlung cross sections.
Abstract: Measurements have been made of the total cross section for ionization of the K shell by bombarding thin foil targets with 100 keV electrons from an electrostatic accelerator. The atomic number of the targets ranged from 13 to 79. The cross sections were determined by normalization to the theoretical atomic-field bremsstrahlung cross sections. Two solid state detectors were used in this measurement: a high purity germanium detector and a lithium drifted silicon detector. Results from both detectors will be compared for some targets. The Z dependence of the cross section will also be compared with theoretical calculations.
TL;DR: Results indicate that the side of the face in a subject's left visual hemi-space dominates facial recognition, a bias in facial perception, not memory.
TL;DR: Action spectra for UV inactivation of reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans have been obtained and overall sensitivity is similar to that of wild‐type Escherichia coli; that of rad‐3 is 30‐fold higher between 265 and 310 nm; relative sensitivity decreases above 310 nm but also seems to increase for irradiation below 265 nm.
Abstract: Action spectra for UV inactivation of reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans have been obtained for strains N2 (wild-type) and rad-3 (radiation-sensitive). Use of a dye laser radiation source, providing high intensity in a narrow wavelength band, has permitted more detail (14 wavelengths between 260 and 320 nm) than available in the spectra for other multicellular organisms. Overall sensitivity of N2 is similar to that of wild-type Escherichia coli; that of rad-3 is 30-fold higher between 265 and 310 nm; relative sensitivity decreases above 310 nm but also seems to increase for irradiation below 265 nm. Tests for photoreactivation and for modification of survival by post-irradiation treatment with caffeine were negative.