Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 1991"
TL;DR: Evidence is provided consistent with the hypothesis that contact affects attitude in part by eliciting a more positive portrait of the typical group member by describing the typical mental patient more positively and adopted more positive attitudes and wider latitudes of acceptance toward the group.
Abstract: The contact hypothesis predicts that cooperative interaction with members of a disliked group results in increased liking for those members and generalizes to more positive attitudes toward the group. The authors sought to provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that contact affects attitude in part by eliciting a more positive portrait of the typical group member. Undergraduates participated in a 1-hr dyadic learning session (scripted cooperative learning, jigsaw cooperative learning, or individual study) with a confederate portrayed as a former mental patient. Students initially expected the confederate to display traits similar to those of a typical former mental patient. After the sessions, initially prejudiced students in the 2 cooperative conditions described the typical mental patient more positively and adopted more positive attitudes and wider latitudes of acceptance toward the group. Connections between intergroup attitudes and impression formation are discussed.
320 citations
TL;DR: Using these criteria, analysis procedures can be defined for particular state-machine modeling languages to provide semantic analysis of real-time process-control software requirements requirements.
Abstract: A set of criteria is defined to help find errors in, software requirements specifications. Only analysis criteria that examine the behavioral description of the computer are considered. The behavior of the software is described in terms of observable phenomena external to the software. Particular attention is focused on the properties of robustness and lack of ambiguity. The criteria are defined using an abstract state-machine model for generality. Using these criteria, analysis procedures can be defined for particular state-machine modeling languages to provide semantic analysis of real-time process-control software requirements. >
242 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze dual sourcing in the context of the "reorder point, order quantity" inventory model with constant demand and stochastic lead times and compare it with single sourcing, showing that when the uncertainty in the lead times is high and the ordering costs are low, dual sourcing could be cost effective.
Abstract: When supply lead times are uncertain, the simultaneous procurement from two sources offers savings in inventory holding and shortage costs. Economies are achieved if these savings outweigh the increase in ordering costs. In this paper we analyze dual sourcing in the context of the "reorder point, order quantity" inventory model with constant demand and stochastic lead times and compare it with single sourcing. Two cases are studied, using the uniform and the exponential distributions, which may be thought of as two extreme ways of representing stochastic lead times. In our two-vendor model, the order quantity is split equally between the two vendors and the split orders are placed simultaneously when the inventory position reaches the reorder level. A comparison of the total expected costs suggests that when the uncertainty in the lead times is high and the ordering costs are low, dual sourcing could be cost effective.
238 citations
TL;DR: In this article, positive definite matrices and Sylvester's criterion are discussed in the context of Positive Definite Matrices (PDM) with Sylvesters Criterion.
Abstract: (1991). Positive Definite Matrices and Sylvester's Criterion. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 98, No. 1, pp. 44-46.
192 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a paradigm that coupled an ecologically valid assessment with an extended testing session was used to examine the effects of student-generated knowledge maps as a learning strategy, and the results indicated that mapping positively affected students' performance on both recognition and recall tests.
Abstract: In this study, a paradigm that coupled an ecologically valid assessment with an extended testing session was used to examine the effects of student-generated knowledge maps as a learning strategy. The effects of mapping were first examined in the context of an ongoing general psychology course at Texas Christian University. Eighty-one students participated in an out-of-class testing session intended to replicate and extend the results obtained in the classroom. The results indicated that mapping positively affected students' performance on both recognition and recall tests. Further, the effects of mapping appeared to be robust, for they were maintained over time and dependent measures.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of underwriter warrants in a sample of firm commitment offerings from 1983 through 1987 and found that these warrants represent a significant component of the compensation to the underwriter and are associated with greater total costs of going public.
122 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ingesting approximately 800, 1200, or 1600 ml of a carbohydrate (CHO) solution on gastric emptying (GE), ratings of stomach fullness (RF), plasma volume changes (PVC), electrolytes, fluid loss, and blood glucose (BG) during 2 h of cycling at 70% of VO2max.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ingesting approximately 800, 1200, or 1600 ml.h-1 of a carbohydrate (CHO) solution on gastric emptying (GE), ratings of stomach fullness (RF), plasma volume changes (PVC), electrolytes, fluid loss, and blood glucose (BG) during 2 h of cycling at 70% of VO2max. Eight male cyclists completed three rides during which they ingested either 11.5 (LV), 17.1 (MV), or 23 ml.kg-1.h-1 (HV) of a 7.5% CHO solution every 15 min. Blood samples were taken at 0, 60, 90, and 120 min and 15 min after the ride for the determination of PVC, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and BG. Body weight was recorded before and after the rides to determine dehydration. Rates of GE were determined via stomach aspiration after the rides. A significantly (P less than 0.05) greater volume of fluid was emptied in the HV trial (2268 +/- 70.8 ml) compared with the MV and LV trials (1860 +/- 72 and 1452 +/- 24 ml, respectively). The rate of GE in the MV trial was also significantly greater than in the LV trial. RF were significantly higher in the MV and HV trials compared with the LV trial throughout the rides. There were no significant differences in PVC (0.01 +/- 2.2%, 1.05 +/- 1.62%, and 0.97 +/- 1.28% for LV, MV, and HV, respectively), Na+, K+, or BG between the three trials. There was a significantly greater decrease in body weight in the LV (-0.77 +/- 0.14 kg) compared with the MV and HV trials (-0.38 +/- 0.13 and -0.14 +/- 0.14 kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
112 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model for the underpotential deposition of metals that occurs in stages is introduced, where the deposition takes place as a sequence of first order phase transitions of the adsorbate.
106 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that the degree of relationship between traits and heart rate depends on the stress levels under which the respondents perform when heart rate data are collected, and that heart rates of both anxious and nonanxious speakers were measured under both high and low-intensity conditions.
Abstract: The extant research examining the relationship between public speaking trait anxiety and heart rate has produced mixed findings. Some studies observe only weak relationships, whereas others report significant relationships between these variables. H. J. Eysetick has maintained that the degree of relationship between traits and heart rate depends on the stress levels under which the respondents perform when heart rate data are collected. An inspection of the existing studies shows that, consistent with Eysenck's observation, the studies reporting relationships between public speaking trait anxiety and heart rate were conducted under relatively low-intensity conditions in comparison to those reporting no such relationships. In the present study, heart rates of both anxious and nonanxious speakers were measured under both high- and low-intensity conditions. Results indicated that (a) heart rates of anxious speakers were significantly higher than those of nonanxious speakers when both performed under low-intensity conditions, but (b) heart rates were not different for anxious and nonanxious speakers when performing in high-intensity environments. These results provide a reconciliation of the inconsistent research findings and partially support the extension of Eysenck's conceptualization to communication apprehension theory and research.
90 citations
TL;DR: The impact of perceptions of volition, revocability, and publicness on behavioral commitment and the impact of behavioral commitment on employee tenure were examined in a group of 315 newly hired newly hired c....
Abstract: The impact of perceptions of volition, revocability, and publicness on behavioral commitment and the impact of behavioral commitment on employee tenure were examined in a group of 315 newly hired c...
81 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Fock space multireference coupled cluster method based on incomplete model spaces is described and some of the essential computational aspects of the theory are discussed with the aid of the diagrammatic representation of the equations.
Abstract: A Fock space multireference coupled cluster method based on incomplete model spaces is described. Some of the essential computational aspects of the theory are discussed with the aid of the diagrammatic representation of the equations. An application to the calculation of ionization potentials and excitation energies ofs-tetrazine is presented along with comparisons with conventionalab initio calculations and experimental results.
TL;DR: An evaluation model that assesses readiness and potential of undergraduate students to enter field education and the experiences of one university that has used the model since 1980 is presented.
Abstract: Historically, social work educators have been gatekeepers for the profession; they have been responsible for determining whether students will become social workers. Given the current issues facing the profession, a need exists to continue emphasizing the gatekeeping role. This article presents an evaluation model that assesses readiness and potential of undergraduate students to enter field education. In addition, the article identifies issues to consider in implementing such a model, including faculty and university support of and student response to the gatekeeping process. Moreover, it evaluates the experiences of one university that has used the model since 1980.
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical examination of the diffusion of the use of network television advertising by manufacturing firms was conducted. And the results indicated that manufacturers of consumer goods were likely to make use of television advertising sooner than manufacturers of producer goods.
Abstract: This study is an empirical examination of the diffusion of the use of network television advertising by manufacturing firms. The results indicate that manufacturers of consumer goods were likely to make use of television advertising sooner than manufacturers of producer goods and that, among producers of consumer goods, those producing more easily differentiable products were likely to adopt sooner than those producing more standardized products. Manufacturers of products sold in larger geographic markets were found to adopt sooner than those producing products sold in smaller markets. Larger market share was also found to induce earlier adoption of television advertising.
TL;DR: The authors examined the compensatory effects of a summarization strategy on expert k-map substitutes for text and found that summarization had a positive effect on main idea recall, but no effect on the recall of detail ideas.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of interconnected tubes that supplied quenched andesitic and rhyolitic hypabyssal intrusions to the growing intrusive masses are described, and they are characterized by in situ fragmentation textures and developed by progressive brittle disintegration.
Abstract: Devonian submarine island-arc deposits of the Sierra Buttes Formation in the northern Sierra Nevada are penetrated by numerous penecontemporaneous hypabyssal intrusions, but related extrusive lavas are absent. Significant parts of the arc succession are occupied by andesitic to rhyolitic intrusive complexes that record the quenching and disruption of large volumes of magma injected into wet sediments at shallow levels beneath the sea floor. Extensive masses of intrusive hydroclastic breccia are characterized by in situ fragmentation textures and developed by progressive brittle disintegration of quenched magma. Pillows dispersed within the breccia formed as a series of interconnected tubes that supplied magma to the growing intrusive masses. Beds of redeposited hydroclastic breccia indicate that the intrusions locally reached the sea floor to undergo slumping and debris flow. Large-scale steam explosions did not occur during magma/wet-sediment interaction, probably due at least in part to the lithostatic and hydrostatic pressure acting on the intrusions. Low-viscosity rhyolitic magma developed intrusive pillows and in situ hydroclastic breccia in the same fashion as quenched andesitic magma. This fluid behavior was favored by retention of volatiles in the rhyolitic magma under relatively deep marine conditions.
Quenched and disrupted hypabyssal complexes of the type described herein may be common elements of the submarine parts of island arcs and other volcanic environments where uprise of magma through thick sequences of wet sediment is impeded due to buoyancy constraints and rapid chilling.
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: A technique for the estimation of parameters of the lead time distributions in such systems based on order statistics is presented and reductions in lead times due to multiple sourcing are studied.
TL;DR: Two short scales, the TCU Depression Scale and the TCU Decision-making Scale, were psychometrically evaluated in a sample of 145 intravenous drug users and significant positive correlations were found between depression scores and intravenous use of cocaine only, heroin and cocaine combined, and heroin only.
Abstract: Two short scales, the TCU Depression Scale and the TCU Decision-making Scale, were psychometrically evaluated in a sample of 145 intravenous drug users. Coefficient alpha reliabilities were .78 for the 6-item TCU Depression Scale and .77 for the 9-item TCU Decision-making Scale. Concurrent validity of the former scale was assessed by correlating scores with those on the Beck Depression Inventory, r = .75. Based on the Beck Depression Inventory Clinical cutoff scores, 83% of the sample showed some depression, with 23% severely depressed, 39% moderately depressed, and 21% mildly depressed. Individuals scoring higher on depression on both tests tended to score lower on decision-making. Significant demographic associations of age, gender, education, and race-ethnicity were found for the depression and decision-making scales. More depression was noted for women, those younger, white, and having Jess education. Older and more educated intravenous drug users tended to score higher on decision-making. Validity fo...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined results obtained from 67 American expatriate managers (EXM) in Japan of whom 47 per cent were part of a dual-earner couple in America, and found that career-oriented spouses were almost seven times as likely to find employment after an international transfer as non-careeroriented spouses.
Abstract: The increasing internationalization of business and the rise of dual-earner couples in the labour force combine to make the area of international human resource management and career development complex and important. This article examines results obtained from 67 American expatriate managers (EXM) in Japan of whom 47 per cent were part of a dual-earner couple in America. the study found that career-oriented spouses were almost seven times as likely to find employment after an international transfer as non-career-oriented spouses. It is argued that because career-oriented spouses in general were able to find employment and avoid major job interruptions, there was no significant difference between the adjustment of expatriate managers whose spouses worked in the US before the transfer but not after and EXMs whose spouses worked before and after the transfer.
TL;DR: The results showed that the measure of unmet needs for services was not significantly related to time to relapse or to time in treatment, however, there appeared to be an indirect effect.
Abstract: Most drug abuse treatment agencies maintain a wide array of ancillary services, either on-site or through off-site referral resources, for helping meet the diverse social, medical, and psychological needs of clients. The extent to which these needs are met may be an important factor in client retention and outcomes. Perceived unmet service needs and their relationship to client outcomes were therefore studied in relationship to a framework for studying drug abuse treatment process factors. The outcomes in the present study were time in treatment and relapse to opioid use during treatment, and these were examined in relation to perceived need for services and their delivery (whether or not these services were received). The sample consisted of 590 methadone maintenance clients in 21 clinics in the RTI/TOPS data system. The results showed that the measure of unmet needs for services was not significantly related to time to relapse or to time in treatment. However, there appeared to be an indirect effect. Th...
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship of acculturation and cultural influences to inhalant use was studied in a sample of 110 Mexican American adolescents and their mothers, and the analyses examined both the direct relationship and possible indirect relationship through socialization, socioeconomic, and psychological variables with outcome measures.
Abstract: The relationship of acculturation and cultural influences to inhalant use was studied in a sample of 110 Mexican American adolescents and their mothers. The analyses examined both the direct relationship of acculturation with outcomes, including inhalant use, as well as the possible indirect relationship of acculturation through socialization, socioeconomic, and psychological variables, with outcome measures. Little support was found for the direct relationship of acculturation with outcomes, but there was limited support for the indirect relationship of acculturation with outcomes through socialization and psychologicalfactors. While the homogeneity of the sample may limit generalization of results, the relationships of drug use with perceived racial discrimination, association with deviant peers, involvement in religion and family, and psychological status are important for future study.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine financial characteristics of settlement firms, including earnings, debt covenants, management incentive compensation, and firms' risk and financial structures, and suggest that firms undertake settlement to offset a decline in earnings and mitigate restrictive debt covenant constraints.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of the laptop on factors such as profits, administrative tasks, sales calls, expenses, productivity, and others, and examined the satisfaction levels of laptop/portable usage by sales management, sales personnel, and customers.
TL;DR: Predictors of drug use and other deviant behaviors were examined in a 4-year follow-up study of 110 Mexican American adolescents of low socioeconomic status admitted to a drug abuse prevention program and associationis with deviant peers were strongly related to alcohol and drug use as well as involvement in criminal activities.
Abstract: Predictors of drug use and other deviant behaviors were examined in a 4-year follow-up study of 110 Mexican American adolescents of low socioeconomic status admitted to a drug abuse prevention program. Results indicated that parental influences had only minor predictive power for outcomes at follow-up, while associationis with deviant peers were strongly related to alcohol and drug use as well as involvement in criminal activities. Significant relationships were also found, especially in females, between low satisfaction with school and greater severity of drug use.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify global competitive challenges and describe means by which executives may respond to them and describe ways by which companies may respond today,s turbulent marketplace will require companies to serve their markets or lose out to those who will.
TL;DR: Results reveal a relation between ERI and contextual conditioning opposite from that obtained in studies of aversive conditioning and a reflection of context-US associations in ringdoves.
Abstract: Appetitive contextual conditioning in rats and ringdoves was investigated in six experiments. In Experiment 1, differential contextual training produced greater anticipatory activity in rats in the presence of a context paired with food than it did in rats in the presence of a different context in which food was never presented. Furthermore, the rats showed a preference for the context associated with food when they were given a simultaneous choice test between contexts. In Experiment 2, rats were more active in and preferred a context associated with a variable-time 30-sec (VT30) schedule as opposed to a VT180 schedule. Experiment 3 was a between-subjects replication of the previous experiment. As expected, rats exhibited significantly more anticipatory activity in a context in which food had been presented on a VT30 schedule than they did in a context in which food had been presented on a VT180 schedule. Experiment 4 showed that anticipatory activity was a reflection of context-US associations in ringdoves, and in Experiments 5 and 6, ringdoves also exhibited an inverse relationship between the. amount of anticipatory activity and the length of the interreinforcement interval (IRI). These results reveal a relation between ERI and contextual conditioning opposite from that obtained in studies of aversive conditioning.
TL;DR: This article found that individuals who are relatively expert at dealing with the category display less of the typicality effect than do relative nonexperts, and showed that people who distinguished clearly between category members and nonmembers were more likely than their less discriminating peers to treat all members of a social category alike regardless of their typicality.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of surface interaction on preferential adsorption of porous glass has been studied and the diffusion rate inside porous glass is also measured and it is shown that surface interactions are important and they determine the excess adorption.
Abstract: Samples of porous glass of 38 A average pore size are prepared with the use of the sol-gel technique After stabilizing at 800°C, samples are impregnated with various binary mixtures and Raman spectroscopy is used to analyze the composition of the mixtures inside the pores In order to study the effect of surface interaction on preferential adsorption, the experiments are repeated for samples of modified surfaces It is shown that surface interactions are important and they determine the excess adsorption The diffusion rate inside porous glass is also measured and it is shown to depend on surface interactions