Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 2014"
Christopher P. Ahn1, Rachael M. Alexandroff2, Carlos Allende Prieto3, Carlos Allende Prieto4 +272 more•Institutions (69)
TL;DR: The 10th public data release (DR10) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) was released in 2013 as mentioned in this paper, which includes the first spectroscopic data from the Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), along with spectroscopy data from Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) taken through 2012 July.
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been in operation since 2000 April. This paper presents the Tenth Public Data Release (DR10) from its current incarnation, SDSS-III. This data release includes the first spectroscopic data from the Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), along with spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) taken through 2012 July. The APOGEE instrument is a near-infrared R ~ 22,500 300 fiber spectrograph covering 1.514-1.696 μm. The APOGEE survey is studying the chemical abundances and radial velocities of roughly 100,000 red giant star candidates in the bulge, bar, disk, and halo of the Milky Way. DR10 includes 178,397 spectra of 57,454 stars, each typically observed three or more times, from APOGEE. Derived quantities from these spectra (radial velocities, effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities) are also included. DR10 also roughly doubles the number of BOSS spectra over those included in the Ninth Data Release. DR10 includes a total of 1,507,954 BOSS spectra comprising 927,844 galaxy spectra, 182,009 quasar spectra, and 159,327 stellar spectra selected over 6373.2 deg2.
1,188 citations
University of Tokyo1, University of Wisconsin-Madison2, University of Toronto3, University of Kentucky4, University of Texas at Austin5, University of Washington6, University of St Andrews7, University of Portsmouth8, European Southern Observatory9, University of Nottingham10, National Autonomous University of Mexico11, University of Pittsburgh12, University of Cambridge13, New Mexico State University14, Carnegie Institution for Science15, University of Sydney16, New York University17, University of Utah18, University of Oxford19, University of California, Santa Cruz20, Max Planck Society21, Claude Bernard University Lyon 122, École normale supérieure de Lyon23, Texas Christian University24, University of Iowa25, Princeton University26, Case Western Reserve University27, University of La Laguna28, Chinese Academy of Sciences29, Academia Sinica30, University of Manchester31, Macquarie University32, Australian Astronomical Observatory33, Yale University34, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory35, University of Potsdam36, University of Victoria37, University of Groningen38
TL;DR: MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory) as mentioned in this paper employs dithered observations with 17 fiber-bundle integral field units that vary in diameter from 12'' (19 fibers) to 32'' (127 fibers).
Abstract: We present an overview of a new integral field spectroscopic survey called MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory), one of three core programs in the fourth-generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) that began on 2014 July 1. MaNGA will investigate the internal kinematic structure and composition of gas and stars in an unprecedented sample of 10,000 nearby galaxies. We summarize essential characteristics of the instrument and survey design in the context of MaNGA's key science goals and present prototype observations to demonstrate MaNGA's scientific potential. MaNGA employs dithered observations with 17 fiber-bundle integral field units that vary in diameter from 12'' (19 fibers) to 32'' (127 fibers). Two dual-channel spectrographs provide simultaneous wavelength coverage over 3600-10300 A at R ~ 2000. With a typical integration time of 3 hr, MaNGA reaches a target r-band signal-to-noise ratio of 4-8 (A–1 per 2'' fiber) at 23 AB mag arcsec–2, which is typical for the outskirts of MaNGA galaxies. Targets are selected with M * 109 M ☉ using SDSS-I redshifts and i-band luminosity to achieve uniform radial coverage in terms of the effective radius, an approximately flat distribution in stellar mass, and a sample spanning a wide range of environments. Analysis of our prototype observations demonstrates MaNGA's ability to probe gas ionization, shed light on recent star formation and quenching, enable dynamical modeling, decompose constituent components, and map the composition of stellar populations. MaNGA's spatially resolved spectra will enable an unprecedented study of the astrophysics of nearby galaxies in the coming 6 yr.
1,104 citations
TL;DR: A coconversion strategy, using CRISPR/Cas9 in which screening for a dominant phenotypic oligonucleotide-templated conversion event at one locus can be used to enrich for custom modifications at another unlinked locus, which shows that custom modification events can be carried out recursively, enabling multiple mutant animals to be made.
Abstract: Facilitated by recent advances using CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing technologies now permit custom genetic modifications in a wide variety of organisms. Ideally, modified animals could be both efficiently made and easily identified with minimal initial screening and without introducing exogenous sequence at the locus of interest or marker mutations elsewhere. To this end, we describe a coconversion strategy, using CRISPR/Cas9 in which screening for a dominant phenotypic oligonucleotide-templated conversion event at one locus can be used to enrich for custom modifications at another unlinked locus. After the desired mutation is identified among the F1 progeny heterozygous for the dominant marker mutation, F2 animals that have lost the marker mutation are picked to obtain the desired mutation in an unmarked genetic background. We have developed such a coconversion strategy for Caenorhabditis elegans, using a number of dominant phenotypic markers. Examining the coconversion at a second (unselected) locus of interest in the marked F1 animals, we observed that 14–84% of screened animals showed homologous recombination. By reconstituting the unmarked background through segregation of the dominant marker mutation at each step, we show that custom modification events can be carried out recursively, enabling multiple mutant animals to be made. While our initial choice of a coconversion marker [rol-6(su1006)] was readily applicable in a single round of coconversion, the genetic properties of this locus were not optimal in that CRISPR-mediated deletion mutations at the unselected rol-6 locus can render a fraction of coconverted strains recalcitrant to further rounds of similar mutagenesis. An optimal marker in this sense would provide phenotypic distinctions between the desired mutant/+ class and alternative +/+, mutant/null, null/null, and null/+ genotypes. Reviewing dominant alleles from classical C. elegans genetics, we identified one mutation in dpy-10 and one mutation in sqt-1 that meet these criteria and demonstrate that these too can be used as effective conversion markers. Coconversion was observed using a variety of donor molecules at the second (unselected) locus, including oligonucleotides, PCR products, and plasmids. We note that the coconversion approach described here could be applied in any of the variety of systems where suitable coconversion markers can be identified from previous intensive genetic analyses of gain-of-function alleles.
690 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply an inputs-mediators-outcomes framework, which has served as a foundation for teams research in organizational behavior over the past 50 years, to first organize and review prior work on new venture teams, and then to provide a roadmap for future research.
421 citations
Ohio State University1, University of Birmingham2, Aarhus University3, Max Planck Society4, Indiana University5, Eötvös Loránd University6, New Mexico State University7, Space Science Institute8, University of Virginia9, Yale University10, University of Texas at Austin11, University of Sydney12, Spanish National Research Council13, University of La Laguna14, Ewha Womans University15, University of Notre Dame16, Radboud University Nijmegen17, University of Arizona18, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven19, Texas Christian University20, Pennsylvania State University21, Case Western Reserve University22, Ames Research Center23, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence24, University of Utah25, University of Vienna26, University of Michigan27, Johns Hopkins University28
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first APOKASC catalog of spectroscopic and asteroseismic properties of 1916 red giants observed in the Kepler fields, and assess both random and systematic sources of error.
Abstract: We present the first APOKASC catalog of spectroscopic and asteroseismic properties of 1916 red giants observed in the Kepler fields. The spectroscopic parameters provided from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment project are complemented with asteroseismic surface gravities, masses, radii, and mean densities determined by members of the Kepler Asteroseismology Science Consortium. We assess both random and systematic sources of error and include a discussion of sample selection for giants in the Kepler fields. Total uncertainties in the main catalog properties are of the order of 80 K in T eff, 0.06 dex in [M/H], 0.014 dex in log g, and 12% and 5% in mass and radius, respectively; these reflect a combination of systematic and random errors. Asteroseismic surface gravities are substantially more precise and accurate than spectroscopic ones, and we find good agreement between their mean values and the calibrated spectroscopic surface gravities. There are, however, systematic underlying trends with T eff and log g. Our effective temperature scale is between 0 and 200 K cooler than that expected from the infrared flux method, depending on the adopted extinction map, which provides evidence for a lower value on average than that inferred for the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). We find a reasonable correspondence between the photometric KIC and spectroscopic APOKASC metallicity scales, with increased dispersion in KIC metallicities as the absolute metal abundance decreases, and offsets in T eff and log g consistent with those derived in the literature. We present mean fitting relations between APOKASC and KIC observables and discuss future prospects, strengths, and limitations of the catalog data.
352 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the demonstrated antecedents and consequences of CEO duality, pointing out that much remains that we do not understand and offered new theoretical, methodological, and contextual directions that researchers could explore to extend knowledge about the phenomenon.
348 citations
TL;DR: This Account discusses the previously neglected potential of these phosphinates as replacements of PCl3 for the preparation of organophosphorus compounds and examines the use of transition metal-catalyzed reactions such as cross-coupling and hydrophosphinylation for phosphorus-carbon bond formation.
Abstract: Organophosphorus compounds are important in everyday applications ranging from agriculture to medicine and are used in flame retardants and other materials. Although organophosphorus chemistry is known as a mature and specialized area, researchers would like to develop new methods for synthesizing organophosphorus compounds to improve the safety and sustainability of these chemical processes.The vast majority of compounds that contain a phosphorus–carbon bond are manufactured using phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) as an intermediate. However, these reactions require chlorine, and researchers would like to avoid the use of PCl3 and develop safer chemistry that also decreases energy consumption and minimizes waste. Researchers have already proposed and discussed two primary strategies based on elemental phosphorus (P4 or Pred) or on phosphine (PH3) as alternatives to PCl3. However, phosphinates, an important class of phosphorus compounds defined as any compound with a phosphorus atom attached to two oxygens, R...
307 citations
Princeton University1, University of Michigan2, Max Planck Society3, INAF4, Johns Hopkins University5, University of Virginia6, New Mexico State University7, Ohio State University8, Texas Christian University9, Aarhus University10, University of Sydney11, University of La Laguna12, Spanish National Research Council13, Yale University14, Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics15, University of Birmingham16, Steward Health Care System17, Paris Diderot University18, Pennsylvania State University19, University of Vienna20, University of Texas at Austin21, Indiana University22, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University23, University of Franche-Comté24, Liverpool John Moores University25, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis26, Fisk University27, Vanderbilt University28
TL;DR: A sample of 10,341 likely red-clump stars from the first two years of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) operations, selected based on their position in color-metallicity-surface-gravity-effective-temperature space using a new method calibrated using stellar evolution models and high-quality asteroseismology data is presented in this paper.
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III's Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) is a high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopic survey covering all of the major components of the Galaxy, including the dust-obscured regions of the inner Milky Way disk and bulge. Here we present a sample of 10,341 likely red-clump stars (RC) from the first two years of APOGEE operations, selected based on their position in color-metallicity-surface-gravity-effective-temperature space using a new method calibrated using stellar evolution models and high-quality asteroseismology data. The narrowness of the RC locus in color-metallicity-luminosity space allows us to assign distances to the stars with an accuracy of 5%-10%. The sample extends to typical distances of about 3 kpc from the Sun, with some stars out to 8 kpc, and spans a volume of approximately 100 kpc{sup 3} over 5 kpc ≲ R ≲ 14 kpc, |Z| ≲ 2 kpc, and –15° ≲ Galactocentric azimuth ≲ 30°. The APOGEE red-clump (APOGEE-RC) catalog contains photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, reddening estimates, distances, line-of-sight velocities, stellar parameters and elemental abundances determined from the high-resolution APOGEE spectra, and matches to major proper motion catalogs. We determine the survey selection function for this data set and discuss howmore » the RC selection samples the underlying stellar populations. We use this sample to limit any azimuthal variations in the median metallicity within the ≈45° azimuthal region covered by the current sample to be ≤0.02 dex, which is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the radial metallicity gradient. This result constrains coherent non-axisymmetric flows within a few kiloparsecs from the Sun.« less
242 citations
University of Tokyo1, University of Wisconsin-Madison2, University of Toronto3, University of Kentucky4, University of Texas at Austin5, University of Washington6, University of St Andrews7, University of Portsmouth8, European Southern Observatory9, University of Nottingham10, National Autonomous University of Mexico11, University of Pittsburgh12, University of Cambridge13, New Mexico State University14, Carnegie Institution for Science15, University of Sydney16, New York University17, University of Utah18, University of Oxford19, University of California, Santa Cruz20, Max Planck Society21, Claude Bernard University Lyon 122, École normale supérieure de Lyon23, Texas Christian University24, University of Iowa25, Princeton University26, Case Western Reserve University27, University of La Laguna28, Chinese Academy of Sciences29, Academia Sinica30, University of Manchester31, Australian Astronomical Observatory32, Macquarie University33, Yale University34, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory35, University of Potsdam36, University of Victoria37, University of Groningen38
TL;DR: MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory) as discussed by the authors employs dithered observations with 17 fiber-bundle integral field units that vary in diameter from 12" (19 fibers) to 32" (127 fibers).
Abstract: We present an overview of a new integral field spectroscopic survey called MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory), one of three core programs in the fourth-generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) that began on 2014 July 1. MaNGA will investigate the internal kinematic structure and composition of gas and stars in an unprecedented sample of 10,000 nearby galaxies. We summarize essential characteristics of the instrument and survey design in the context of MaNGA's key science goals and present prototype observations to demonstrate MaNGA's scientific potential. MaNGA employs dithered observations with 17 fiber-bundle integral field units that vary in diameter from 12" (19 fibers) to 32" (127 fibers). Two dual-channel spectrographs provide simultaneous wavelength coverage over 3600-10300 A at R~2000. With a typical integration time of 3 hr, MaNGA reaches a target r-band signal-to-noise ratio of 4-8 (per A, per 2" fiber) at 23 AB mag per sq. arcsec, which is typical for the outskirts of MaNGA galaxies. Targets are selected with stellar mass greater than 1e9 Msun using SDSS-I redshifts and i-band luminosity to achieve uniform radial coverage in terms of the effective radius, an approximately flat distribution in stellar mass, and a sample spanning a wide range of environments. Analysis of our prototype observations demonstrates MaNGA's ability to probe gas ionization, shed light on recent star formation and quenching, enable dynamical modeling, decompose constituent components, and map the composition of stellar populations. MaNGA's spatially resolved spectra will enable an unprecedented study of the astrophysics of nearby galaxies in the coming 6 yr.
235 citations
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam1, Dresden University of Technology2, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul3, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro4, INAF5, Centre national de la recherche scientifique6, Heidelberg University7, University of Birmingham8, Pennsylvania State University9, Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics10, University of Arizona11, Spanish National Research Council12, New Mexico State University13, Texas Christian University14, University of Virginia15, Ohio State University16, University of Michigan17, University of Franche-Comté18, Liverpool John Moores University19, University of Texas at Austin20, Vanderbilt University21, Johns Hopkins University22
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the chemo-kinematic properties of the Milky Way disc by exploring the first year of data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and compare their results to smaller optical high-resolution samples in the literature, as well as results from lower resolution surveys such as GCS, SEGUE and RAVE.
Abstract: We investigate the chemo-kinematic properties of the Milky Way disc by exploring the first year of data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and compare our results to smaller optical high-resolution samples in the literature, as well as results from lower resolution surveys such as GCS, SEGUE and RAVE. We start by selecting a high-quality sample in terms of chemistry ($\sim$ 20.000 stars) and, after computing distances and orbital parameters for this sample, we employ a number of useful subsets to formulate constraints on Galactic chemical and chemodynamical evolution processes in the Solar neighbourhood and beyond (e.g., metallicity distributions -- MDFs, [$\alpha$/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] diagrams, and abundance gradients). Our red giant sample spans distances as large as 10 kpc from the Sun. We find remarkable agreement between the recently published local (d $<$ 100 pc) high-resolution high-S/N HARPS sample and our local HQ sample (d $<$ 1 kpc). The local MDF peaks slightly below solar metallicity, and exhibits an extended tail towards [Fe/H] $= -$1, whereas a sharper cut-off is seen at larger metallicities. The APOGEE data also confirm the existence of a gap in the [$\alpha$/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] abundance diagram. When expanding our sample to cover three different Galactocentric distance bins, we find the high-[$\alpha$/Fe] stars to be rare towards the outer zones, as previously suggested in the literature. For the gradients in [Fe/H] and [$\alpha$/Fe], measured over a range of 6 $ < $ R $ <$ 11 kpc in Galactocentric distance, we find a good agreement with the gradients traced by the GCS and RAVE dwarf samples. For stars with 1.5 $<$ z $<$ 3 kpc, we find a positive metallicity gradient and a negative gradient in [$\alpha$/Fe].
204 citations
University of Michigan1, Vanderbilt University2, Ohio State University3, New Mexico State University4, University of Virginia5, University of Franche-Comté6, University of Arizona7, Spanish National Research Council8, University of La Laguna9, Johns Hopkins University10, Liverpool John Moores University11, Pennsylvania State University12, University of Texas at Austin13, Max Planck Society14, University of Notre Dame15, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam16, Texas Christian University17, University of Florida18, Eötvös Loránd University19, Indiana University20
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of metallicity and α-element abundances of stars over a large part of the Milky Way disk was investigated using the first two years of data from the near-infrared, high-resolution SDSS-III/APOGEE spectroscopic survey.
Abstract: We employ the first two years of data from the near-infrared, high-resolution SDSS-III/APOGEE spectroscopic survey to investigate the distribution of metallicity and α-element abundances of stars over a large part of the Milky Way disk. Using a sample of ≈10, 000 kinematically unbiased red-clump stars with ∼5% distance accuracy as tracers, the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] distribution of this sample exhibits a bimodality in [α/Fe] at intermediate metallicities, –0.9 < [Fe/H] <–0.2, but at higher metallicities ([Fe/H] ∼+0.2) the two sequences smoothly merge. We investigate the effects of the APOGEE selection function and volume filling fraction and find that these have little qualitative impact on the α-element abundance patterns. The described abundance pattern is found throughout the range 5 < R < 11 kpc and 0 < |Z| < 2 kpc across the Galaxy. The [α/Fe] trend of the high-α sequence is surprisingly constant throughout the Galaxy, with little variation from region to region (∼10%). Using simple galactic chemical evolution models, we derive an average star-formation efficiency (SFE) in the high-α sequence of ∼4.5 × 10{sup –10} yr{sup –1}, which is quite close to the nearly constant value found in molecular-gas-dominated regions of nearby spirals. This result suggests that the earlymore » evolution of the Milky Way disk was characterized by stars that shared a similar star-formation history and were formed in a well-mixed, turbulent, and molecular-dominated ISM with a gas consumption timescale (SFE{sup –1}) of ∼2 Gyr. Finally, while the two α-element sequences in the inner Galaxy can be explained by a single chemical evolutionary track, this cannot hold in the outer Galaxy, requiring, instead, a mix of two or more populations with distinct enrichment histories.« less
TL;DR: This framework fills a gap in the project management literature and makes a significant practical contribution: it helps project managers diagnose a project to recognize and reduce the likelihood of unk unks and thus deal more effectively with the otherwise unrecognized risks and opportunities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that when making decisions about informality, entrepreneurs in emerging economies purposefully navigate between the enabling and constraining rules of the macro institutional environment and the norms of the meso institutional environment.
Abstract: Our qualitative research shows that when making decisions about informality, entrepreneurs in emerging economies purposefully navigate between the enabling and constraining rules of the macro institutional environment and the norms of the meso institutional environment We show that: (1) informality is a multidimensional continuum along which path to formalization unfolds; (2) as entrepreneurs grow more successful they become simultaneously more attuned to the countervailing constraints of both the macro and meso institutional environments; and (3) informal firms and formal firms weave together an exchange system that legitimizes the persistence of informality In the context of informality, meso institutions serve as the connective tissue which cross-link levels of the environment and shape the context in which entrepreneurs make decisions Copyright © 2014 Strategic Management Society
New Mexico State University1, University of Virginia2, Ohio State University3, University of La Laguna4, Spanish National Research Council5, Michigan State University6, University of Arizona7, Texas Christian University8, Pennsylvania State University9, University of Michigan10, Liverpool John Moores University11, Australian National University12, University of Texas at Austin13, Johns Hopkins University14, Vanderbilt University15
TL;DR: In this paper, the first year of the SDSS-III APOGEE experiment, the authors presented Galactic mean metallicity maps derived from the first decade of the experiment.
Abstract: We present Galactic mean metallicity maps derived from the first year of the SDSS-III APOGEE experiment. Mean abundances in different zones of projected Galactocentric radius (0 6 kpc, the gradient flattens as one moves off the plane, and is flatter at all heights for high-[α/M] stars than for low-[α/M] stars. Alternatively, these gradients can be described as vertical gradients that flatten at larger Galactocentric radius; these vertical gradients are similar for both low- and high-[α/M] populations. Stars with higher [α/M] appear to havemore » a flatter radial gradient than stars with lower [α/M]. This could suggest that the metallicity gradient has grown steeper with time or, alternatively, that gradients are washed out over time by migration of stars.« less
TL;DR: In this article, the detectability of lies from constellations of multiple cues, with a particular focus on whether lie detectability increases as the conditions approach real-life, forensic settings, as some critics of laboratory research have argued.
Abstract: Summary
Despite the importance of judgments of veracity in many settings, research suggests that it is difficult to detect lies. In this meta-analysis, we assess the detectability of lies from constellations of multiple cues, with a particular focus on whether lie detectability increases as the conditions approach real-life, forensic settings, as some critics of laboratory research have argued. We synthesized 144 samples, including 9380 liars and truth tellers providing a total of 26,866 messages. We examined the accuracy with which deception could be predicted on the basis of multiple behavioral cues and to what extent lie detectability was moderated by the motivation of the sender, the presence of strong emotion, the content of the lie, the context in which the lie was told, and the demographics of the senders. The findings show that lies can be detected with nearly 70% accuracy. This level of detectability is stable across settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce a theoretical model to study the antecedents and profit impact of salesperson perceptions of customer relationship quality using matched survey responses from salesperson-customer dyads and secondary performance data.
Abstract: Firms often utilize salesperson intelligence in marketing strategies to improve sales performance. However, this approach is problematic if the information is based on inaccurate perceptions. In light of this, the authors introduce a theoretical model to study the antecedents and profit impact of salesperson perceptions of customer relationship quality. Dyadic analyses using matched survey responses from salesperson–customer dyads and secondary performance data reveal several insightful findings. Results show that self-efficacious salespeople are upwardly biased, whereas customer-oriented salespeople are downwardly biased in their perceptions of customer relationship quality. However, managers can correct these inaccuracies using a behavior-based control system. Response surface analyses illustrate that the effects of salesperson accuracy and inaccuracy are distinct and curvilinear. During later relationship phases, salespeople profit more from salesperson accuracy in high- and low-quality relationships (...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an institutional change lifecycle model to study the relationship between slack and the economic and social aspects of state-owned enterprises' (SOEs) performance.
Abstract: Organizational slack has been recognized as critical to firm performance, although its impact is not always positive. Slack may be used to fuel innovation or alternatively excess resources may be squandered on pet projects. However, most research on slack is rooted in studying private firms in developed economies, especially the United States. Whether prior research on organizational slack can readily inform our understanding of state-owned enterprises’ (SOEs) behavior is questionable since SOEs prioritize goals such as social welfare and full employment differently than do the privately owned enterprises (POEs). The differences between SOEs and POEs influence their sources and use of slack due to the nature of their ownership, budget constraints, and agency relations. To bring insight to this issue we develop an institutional change lifecycle model to study the relationship between slack and the economic and social aspects of SOE performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, four new premises to guide marketing thought and practice for achieving and sustaining strategic advantage are presented, including the following: marketing needs to take a lead role in assisting the enterprise to enable value co-creation by customers.
Abstract: Marketing needs a new mindset to fulfill its proper role in creating and sustaining strategic advantage. To extend its influence beyond the boundaries of current offerings, the firm, and conventional practice, marketing and markets must be viewed through a service lens. This lens allows marketing to take a lead role in assisting the enterprise to enable value co-creation by customers who have jobs to be done. This article offers four new premises to guide marketing thought and practice for achieving and sustaining strategic advantage.
TL;DR: This work provides robust evidence to ensure that judgments made about self-confidence after simulation, simulation design and educational practices are valid and reliable.
Ohio State University1, University of Birmingham2, University of Texas at Austin3, Max Planck Society4, Case Western Reserve University5, Aarhus University6, Yale University7, New Mexico State University8, University of Sydney9, Texas Christian University10, University of Paris11, University of Virginia12, Ames Research Center13, University of Utah14, Space Science Institute15, University of Michigan16, Spanish National Research Council17, Liverpool John Moores University18, Pennsylvania State University19, University of Oxford20, Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics21, Vanderbilt University22, Johns Hopkins University23
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify nine metal-poor red giants (including six stars that are kinematically associated with the halo) from a sample observed by both the Kepler space telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III APOGEE spectroscopic survey.
Abstract: Fundamental stellar properties, such as mass, radius, and age, can be inferred using asteroseismology. Cool stars with convective envelopes have turbulent motions that can stochastically drive and damp pulsations. The properties of the oscillation frequency power spectrum can be tied to mass and radius through solar-scaled asteroseismic relations. Stellar properties derived using these scaling relations need verification over a range of metallicities. Because the age and mass of halo stars are well-constrained by astrophysical priors, they provide an independent, empirical check on asteroseismic mass estimates in the low-metallicity regime. We identify nine metal-poor red giants (including six stars that are kinematically associated with the halo) from a sample observed by both the Kepler space telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III APOGEE spectroscopic survey. We compare masses inferred using asteroseismology to those expected for halo and thick-disk stars. Although our sample is small, standard scaling relations, combined with asteroseismic parameters from the APOKASC Catalog, produce masses that are systematically higher ( =0.17 ± 0.05 M ☉) than astrophysical expectations. The magnitude of the mass discrepancy is reduced by known theoretical corrections to the measured large frequency separation scaling relationship. Using alternative methods for measuring asteroseismic parameters induces systematic shifts at the 0.04 M ☉ level. We also compare published asteroseismic analyses with scaling relationship masses to examine the impact of using the frequency of maximum power as a constraint. Upcoming APOKASC observations will provide a larger sample of ~100 metal-poor stars, important for detailed asteroseismic characterization of Galactic stellar populations.
TL;DR: The family occupies a central position in the lives of individuals and also is humanity's most enduring and most fundamental social institution as discussed by the authors. Ancestral humans belonged to and identified with the...
Abstract: The family occupies a central position in the lives of individuals and also is humanity's most enduring and most fundamental social institution. Ancestral humans belonged to and identified with the...
TL;DR: In this paper, a forward modeling approach was used to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, radial velocities, rotational velocity, and H-band veiling from near-infrared spectra of 3493 young stars.
Abstract: Over two years, 8859 high-resolution H-band spectra of 3493 young (1-10 Myr) stars were gathered by the multi-object spectrograph of the APOGEE project as part of the IN-SYNC ancillary program of the SDSS-III survey. Here we present the forward modeling approach used to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, radial velocities, rotational velocities, and H-band veiling from these near-infrared spectra. We discuss in detail the statistical and systematic uncertainties in these stellar parameters. In addition, we present accurate extinctions by measuring the E(J – H) of these young stars with respect to the single-star photometric locus in the Pleiades. Finally, we identify an intrinsic stellar radius spread of about 25% for late-type stars in IC 348 using three (nearly) independent measures of stellar radius, namely, the extinction-corrected J-band magnitude, the surface gravity, and the Rsin i from the rotational velocities and literature rotation periods. We exclude that this spread is caused by uncertainties in the stellar parameters by showing that the three estimators of stellar radius are correlated, so that brighter stars tend to have lower surface gravities and larger Rsin i than fainter stars at the same effective temperature. Tables providing the spectral and photometric parameters for the Pleiades andmore » IC 348 have been provided online.« less
TL;DR: In this paper, qualitative data from 110 participants were used to address two questions: (1) What skills do teachers need to use data effectively? (2) How should teachers receive data-related professional learning?
TL;DR: The authors found that teachers and school leaders approached decision-making from a range of mental models for data use, and that models seemed rooted in ways of thinking about data and data use that were influenced by formal training, modeling by leaders, social interaction with colleagues, and personal experience.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined differences between Boomerangs (employees who quit but are later rehired) and alumnus(employees that quit but will not return) using both qualitative and quantitative data.
Abstract: Turnover research typically views voluntary turnover as an end state that severs the employment relationship permanently. However, this perspective overlooks the possibility that an employee who quits may return in the future. Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggest that these �Boomerangs� can be a valuable staffing resource for their organizations. Yet, research regarding this type of employee is largely absent. Thus, we know little about whether the experiences of these temporary leavers differ from those who leave an organization permanently. In this paper, we examined differences between Boomerangs (employees who quit but are later rehired) and �Alumni� (employees who quit but will not return) using both qualitative and quantitative data. In a large sample of professional service employees, we found that Boomerangs and Alumni reported different reasons for having quit, which meant they were more likely to be classified on different paths in the unfolding model of turnover. In addition, survival analyses on the time to turnover suggest that Boomerangs quit earlier than Alumni in their original tenure, paradoxically suggesting that employees who quit earlier may be the very employees who will return in the future. Together, our findings suggest an extension to the unfolding model that considers how the timing of and reasons for turnover impact post-turnover (return) decisions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the Cenomanian channels of the Bahariya Formation, Egypt, as an example application in a stratigraphic system to estimate mass flux from the source area to the basin sink by calculation of channel paleohydrologic variables.
Abstract: Source-to-sink interpretations of genetic equivalency between fluvial feeder systems and basin accumulations infer that the sediment and water mass collected and transferred by rivers from the catchment is in balance with the mass ultimately delivered to the depositional basin. This relationship has value for modeling basin-fill volumes, climate and climate change, ocean water mass, and other applications. Executing an estimate of this mass balance is challenging in modern systems but even more difficult in deep-time stratigraphic systems where the catchment is no longer active and critical variables from the source and sink system are either not preserved or preserved with large uncertainties. Available data sets from stratigraphic systems are likewise often limited to a few localized boreholes, scattered outcrop, and/or geophysical surveys. This paper offers a method, the fulcrum test, for estimating mass flux from the source area to the basin sink by calculation of channel paleohydrologic variables extractable from these common stratigraphic data sources. We use the Cenomanian channels of the Bahariya Formation, Egypt, as an example application in a stratigraphic system. The technique may provide greater accuracy in modern systems where more data are available and uncertainties are lower. Total mass passing through a cross section of all feeder channels over a period of time should match with both the total sediment delivered to the cross section from the source area and the total volume delivered through these channels to the basin. This cross section would constitute a fulcrum across which source and sink sediment and water mass should balance. Bankfull dimensions and representative bedload are measured and sampled from channel stories identified in outcrop and/or subsurface data over a fulcrum cross section within the basin. Flow transport equations are used to estimate bankfull discharge and sediment concentrations using established methods. These concentrations are projected over longer durations to estimate total channel mass through-flux over basin-fill time spans. These estimates can also be tested against other mass-flux methods such as known volumetric basin-fill accumulation rates and/or estimates of drainage-area denudation. In the example case, calculations of mass flux from Bahariya channels that feed the equivalent fluvial-to-marine basin show that these channels were capable of delivering at least three times the sediment actually preserved. Channels were small with average depths of 2.5 m and 0.1 m3/sec bankfull sediment discharges. The fulcrum test offers a first-order approximation of mass balance, but it remains a nascent method. Key parameters have large uncertainties, which currently limit accuracy to an order of magnitude. This uncertainty could be reduced to a factor of three in stratigraphic systems through improved constraints on channel width and development of better relationships between bankfull and mean annual discharge. Uncertainties can be lowered to a factor of two in extant systems where key variables (e.g., slope, etc.) can be measured instead of estimated. The method also retains intrinsic limitations. It derives a discharge for only a single representative “unit” channel, and the contingency of multiple channels must be detected through other geologic data and integrated independently. The method also does not account for mass extraction through deposition between the catchment and the fulcrum, though fulcrum tests in multiple cross sections longitudinally could potentially lend insight into this issue. Accuracy of the test also depends upon stratigraphic preservation as a valid “statistical sampling machine” for discharge processes, and upon unbiased sampling of discrete channel stories within this preserved sample population.
TL;DR: The results show that the three types of separation each have different profiles in terms of the prior performance of the firm, the independence of the board, and the career horizon of the incumbent CEO.
Abstract: In recent years, many firms have chosen to separate their CEO and board chair positions. Prior research has demonstrated that there are three forms that a CEO�board chair separation can take: apprentice, departure, and demotion. In this paper, we examine the antecedents of these three types. Our results show that the three types of separation each have different profiles in terms of the prior performance of the firm, the independence of the board, and the career horizon of the incumbent CEO. The findings in this paper provide unique insights into the factors that drive boards' structural choices. As questions about board leadership structure become more nuanced and more relevant in both scholarship and practice, a full understanding of these factors will only become more important.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the psychometric quality among parenting measures published from 1985 to 2009 and identified 164 measures that assessed parenting skills or practices, such as behavior, beliefs, coping mechanisms, reactions to stress, or discipline.
Abstract: There are many measures that assess parenting skills or practices, such as behavior, beliefs, coping mechanisms, reactions to stress, or discipline. However, little is known about the psychometric quality of these parenting measures. This information is essential for practitioners and researchers to aide in the selection of the most valid and reliable measures to assess parenting behavior or attitudes. This study examined the psychometric quality among parenting measures published from 1985 to 2009. After the initial search 164 measures were identified, but were reduced to 25 measures that supplied some degree of psychometric information, were published in the United States or Canada, and were in English. Measures were compared across numerous categories including respondent type, norming data, administration type, and ten psychometric variables such as internal consistency, content validity, and predictive validity. Out of the 25 measures, seven had no acceptable psychometric properties, seven had only 1–2 acceptable ratings on psychometric properties, six had between 3 and 4 acceptable psychometric ratings, none had between 5 and 6 acceptable ratings, and only five had strong psychometric properties in seven or more of the 10 categories. Likewise, only five measures provided and norming information and 14 measures provided scoring procedures. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
University of Nice Sophia Antipolis1, Johns Hopkins University2, University of La Laguna3, Spanish National Research Council4, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam5, Dresden University of Technology6, University of Virginia7, Michigan State University8, New Mexico State University9, Texas Christian University10, University of Florida11, Pennsylvania State University12, Ohio State University13, University of Michigan14, University of Texas at Austin15
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employ stellar atmospheric parameters derived from high-resolution H-band Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra, combined with theoretical stellar isochrones, to calculate line-of-sight extinction and distances for a sample of more than 2400 giants toward the Milky Way bulge.
Abstract: Galactic interstellar extinction maps are powerful and necessary tools for Milky Way structure and stellar population analyses, particularly toward the heavily reddened bulge and in the midplane. However, due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable extinction measures and distances for a large number of stars that are independent of these maps, tests of their accuracy and systematics have been limited. Our goal is to assess a variety of photometric stellar extinction estimates, including both two-dimensional and three-dimensional extinction maps, using independent extinction measures based on a large spectroscopic sample of stars toward the Milky Way bulge. We employ stellar atmospheric parameters derived from high-resolution H-band Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra, combined with theoretical stellar isochrones, to calculate line-of-sight extinction and distances for a sample of more than 2400 giants toward the Milky Way bulge. We compare these extinction values to those predicted by individual near-IR and near+mid-IR stellar colors, two-dimensional bulge extinction maps, and three-dimensional extinction maps. The long baseline, near+mid-IR stellar colors are, on average, the most accurate predictors of the APOGEE extinction estimates, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional extinction maps derived from different stellar populations along different sightlines show varying degrees of reliability. We present the results of all of the comparisons and discuss reasons for the observed discrepancies. We also demonstrate how the particular stellar atmospheric models adopted can have a strong impact on this type of analysis, and discuss related caveats.
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic understanding of shareholders preferences has been proposed for publicly traded corporations to submit their CEOs' compensation for a nonbinding shareholder vote, with the goal of understanding shareholders' preferences.
Abstract: With recent legislation mandating that publicly traded corporations submit their CEOs' compensation for a nonbinding shareholder vote, a systematic understanding of shareholder preferences has neve