Thapar University

About: Thapar University is a education organization based out in Patiāla, Punjab, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cloud computing & Fuzzy logic. The organization has 2944 authors who have published 8558 publications receiving 130392 citations.

Applicability of Microbial Xylanases in Paper Pulp Bleaching: A Review

Abstract: The pulp and paper industries are attempting to bring changes to the bleaching process to minimize the use of chlorine to satisfy regulatory and market demands. Xylanases offer a cost-effective way for mills to realize a variety of benefits in bleaching. One main benefit is reducing Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX) discharge. This is achieved primarily by decreasing chlorine gas usage. Other benefits include eliminating chlorine gas usage in mills with high chlorine dioxide substitution levels and increasing the brightness ceiling (particularly for mills contemplating Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) and Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) bleaching sequences and in mills using large amounts of peroxide or chlorine dioxide). These benefits are achieved in the long term when the enzymes are properly selected and integrated into the process. This review summarizes the application of xylanases in the bleaching of pulp, with emphasis on the mechanism and effects of xylanase treatment on pulp and paper and the factors affecting the bleaching process and its efficiency. Brightness gains of up to 1.4 to 2.1 units have been achieved with xylanase treatment with the reduction of chlorine consumption by 15.0%. Xylanase treatment can lower the AOX amount in filtrate by 25.0% as compared to references. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) can be reduced by 85%.

Protocol Stack of Underwater Wireless Sensor Network: Classical Approaches and New Trends

Abstract: The oceans and rivers remain the least explored frontiers on earth but due to frequent occurrences of disasters or calamities, the researchers have shown keen interest towards underwater monitoring. Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) envisioned as an aquatic medium for variety of applications like oceanographic data collection, disaster management or prevention, assisted navigation, attack protection, and pollution monitoring. Like terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), UWSN consists of sensor nodes that collect the information and pass it to sink, however researchers have to face many challenges in executing the network in aquatic medium. Some of these challenges are mobile sensor nodes, large propagation delays, limited link capacity, and multiple message receptions. In this manuscript, broad survey of issues concerning underwater sensor networks is presented. We provide an overview of test beds, routing protocols, experimental projects, simulation platforms, tools and analysis that are available with research fraternity.