Showing papers by "The Chinese University of Hong Kong published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this article, the Gauss-Newton, Newton-Raphson, Fisher Scoring, and Fletcher-Reeves algorithms for covariance structure analysis are considered in addition to the Fletcher-Powell algorithm.
Abstract: Several algorithms for covariance structure analysis are considered in addition to the Fletcher-Powell algorithm. These include the Gauss-Newton, Newton-Raphson, Fisher Scoring, and Fletcher-Reeves algorithms. Two methods of estimation are considered, maximum likelihood and weighted least squares. It is shown that the Gauss-Newton algorithm which in standard form produces weighted least squares estimates can, in iteratively reweighted form, produce maximum likelihood estimates as well. Previously unavailable standard error estimates to be used in conjunction with the Fletcher-Reeves algorithm are derived. Finally all the algorithms are applied to a number of maximum likelihood and weighted least squares factor analysis problems to compare the estimates and the standard errors produced. The algorithms appear to give satisfactory estimates but there are serious discrepancies in the standard errors. Because it is robust to poor starting values, converges rapidly and conveniently produces consistent standard errors for both maximum likelihood and weighted least squares problems, the Gauss-Newton algorithm represents an attractive alternative for at least some covariance structure analyses.
145 citations
TL;DR: This paper presented bi-polar descriptions from Cattell's reduced personality sphere were presented to 192 university students in Hong Kong and each subject used these scales to assess other students who were convened in same-sex groups of from six to ten members.
Abstract: Twenty bi-polar descriptions from Cattell's (1957) reduced personality sphere were presented to 192 university students in Hong Kong. Each subject used these scales to assess other students who were convened in same-sex groups of from six to ten members. These responses were then scored and factor analyzed using the procedure described by Norman (1963). The resulting factor analysis was compared with that derived from American, Filipino and Japanese university students using the same materials and procedures. The 20 scales were reliably used by the Hong Kong sample with the factor analysis extracting over 70% of the matrix variance. The composition of the first four factors of person perception was highly similar across the four cultures. These results were then related to those of Triandis (1977) on cross-cultural factors of behavior intention to suggest the importance of perception in guiding fundamental interpersonal behaviors in all cultures.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the linear thermal expansitivity of oriented high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) with draw ratio between 1 and 18 has been measured between 120 and 300 K.
57 citations
TL;DR: The above observations indicate that the hypotensive effect of berberine may involve the heart performance, and the inhibition on true acetylcholinesterase was found to be more pronounced than on non-specific cholinestersterase.
Abstract: 1. 1. Intravenous infusion of berberine to rats lowered the blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner and a significant hypotensive effect was followed by bradycardia. These effects were also observed in bilaterally vagotomized rats. 2. 2. Berberine further lowered the blood pressure in rats under maximal blockage by pentolinium. 3. 3. Berberine inhibited rat auricular cholinesterase. The inhibition on true acetylcholinesterase was found to be more pronounced than on non-specific cholinesterase. This inhibition process may contribute to the hypotensive action of berberine. 4. 4. The above observations indicate that the hypotensive effect of berberine may involve the heart performance.
56 citations
TL;DR: Zinc may act as a growth inhibitor and concomitantly as a stimulant for glucose uptake and for the synthesis of metabolites such as pigments and antibiotics in Monascus purpureus Went.
Abstract: Growth, pigmentation and antibacterial activity of Monascus purpureus Went (starch fungus) were affected by zinc. Zinc at concentrations of 2 × 10-3M and 3 × 10-3M nearly stopped the growth, pigmentation and antibiotic production of both wild type and strain NI IS in liquid medium. Relatively vigorous growth, high pigment production, and strong antibacterial activity of NIIS still occurred on solid medium with the same zinc concentrations. Wild type was hardly affected by zinc concentrations lower than 2 × 10-3M. The growth of strain NI IS was significantly inhibited even by 5 × 10-5M zinc, but pigment production and antibacterial activity were highly promoted by 5 × 10-5M zinc. Increase of glucose concentration also promoted pigment and antibiotic productions of strain NI IS. Glucose effects were intensified as 1 × 10-3M zinc was added. Zinc may act as a growth inhibitor and concomitantly as a stimulant for glucose uptake and for the synthesis of metabolites such as pigments and antibiotics.
35 citations
TL;DR: Lymphocytes isolated from mice addicted to morphine were significantly less responsive to Concanavalin A stimulation than those isolated from non-addicted animals when naloxone was coadministered with morphine, and the effect of morphine in suppressing lymphocytic response could be partially prevented.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for solving integral equations based on Walsh functions is established, where the solution of a convolution integral via the Walsh transform is studied first and the extension of the technique to the integral equation of the first kind is naturally obtained.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of film thickness on the electronic properties of chemically sprayed cadmium sulphide films were studied and the results of the heat treatment seemed to indicate that some form of chemisorption of gases could be responsible.
31 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the newly exposed galactose/galactosamine residues in the desialylated glycoproteins may serve as recognition signals triggering the elimination of senescent erythrocytes from circulation.
29 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that this unicellular green alga can be used to serve the dual function of wastewater purification and waste recycling through the production of algal protein from sewage effluent having high salinities.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two marine algae, Chaetompha brychagona and Enteromorpha crinita, were found abundantly on the iron ore tailings of Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong, with a rather high level of various metals.
TL;DR: Chemical analysis indicated that sediments of fine-grained, silt-clay type contained highest amounts of organic nutrients as compared with sediments with larger particle sizes such as silt and sand grains, and nutrient contents of the sediments were found to be inversely proportional to sediment particle size.
TL;DR: The effect of electro-acupuncture in the treatment of naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal in mice was studied and there was a significant increase of brain beta-endorphin level in the acupunctured animals.
Abstract: The effect of electro-acupuncture in the treatment of naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal in mice was studied. Thirty minutes of acupuncture was enough to suppress withdrawal behaviors by more than 60%. Concomitant to the decrease of withdrawal behavior, there was a significant increase of brain beta-endorphin level in the acupunctured animals. Plasma beta-endorphin level of the treated and untreated group was not significantly different.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors fed with sea water enriched with inorganic phosphate, nitrate and domestic sewage at maximum levels of 900 μg P l −1 and 2600 μg N l − 1 and at flow-rates of 1·6 to 3·9 l/day.
TL;DR: The structure of the Klebsiella K31 capsular polysaccharide has been elucidated by periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, characterization of oligosaccharides obtained by partial, acid hydrolysis, and proton magnetic resonance.
TL;DR: Based on the penalty function technique, an algorithm is developed in this paper, which is able to produce not only the constrained weighted least squares estimator but also the constrained maximum likelihood estimator, if we choose an appropriate weight matrix iteratively.
Abstract: SUMMARY In covariance structure analysis, the method of weighted least squares for estimating parameters that are subject to functional constraints is developed. Statistical properties of the estimator are studied and a goodness-of-fit statistic is presented. Based on the penalty function technique, an algorithm is developed. This algorithm is able to produce not only the constrained weighted least squares estimator but also the constrained maximum likelihood estimator, if we choose an appropriate weight matrix iteratively. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by an example in factor analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct mapping method was employed to extract information on the way in which the spatial actor mentally structured the environment into a coherent picture, focusing on map styles and map sophistication and their relationships with various characteristics of the respondents.
Abstract: The notion of a mental map implies that the spatial actor possesses some kind of internal mental ordering of the external environment that he consults in the process of making movement decisions or responding to environmental stimuli The aim of mental-map studies is to elicit information about the environment from the individual in terms of the characteristics and locational relationship of spatial forms, the qualities attributed to environmental elements, as well as the preferences for and the evaluation of spatial opportunities This paper is concerned only with the locational aspects of mental maps A direct mapping method was employed to extract information on the way in which the spatial actor mentally structured the environment into a coherent picture Analysis was focussed on map styles and map sophistication and their relationships with various characteristics of the respondents Findings indicate a strong inclination towards the sequential-type maps, which are organised around major paths This
TL;DR: In this article, the Kapitza-Dirac effect was used to explain the scattering of an electron beam by a laser standing wave (KD effect) and the prediction of the theory is in good agreement with all the experimental results which were reported independently by Bartell et al., Schwarz et al. and Pfeiffer.
Abstract: A classical theory of scattering of an electron beam by a laser standing wave (the Kapitza-Dirac effect) is presented. The prediction of the theory is in good agreement with all the experimental results which were reported independently by Bartell et al., Schwarz et al., Takeda et al., and Pfeiffer. This shows that the interaction of a free electron with coherent radiation is basically a classical process.
TL;DR: Several procedures exist for the solution of the problem of polyalkylation of secondary amines from the corresponding primary amines by alkylation, including reduction, reductive deprotection, acid hydrolysis, and zinc cleavage.
TL;DR: The authors found that future opponents were seen as having higher levels of competition-related skills and were liked more than were non-opponents, while traits irrelevant to the interaction such as warmth and honesty were not differently perceived by the two groups.
Abstract: Prior to competing with a fellow student in an intelligence contest, female undergraduates were given an ambiguous self-description purportedly written by their future competitor. Control subjects also anticipating a competition were given the same description ascribed however to a competitor not paired against them. Results showed that future opponents were seen as having higher levels of competition-related skills and were liked more than were non-opponents. Traits irrelevant to the interaction such as warmth and honesty were not differently perceived by the two groups. This "autistic" perception of an opponent's competitive skills was explained as assisting the subject in preparing for either outcome in the ensuing contest. One's selfesteem would be protected following defeat by a capable opponent, just as one's self-esteem would be enhanced by victory over the same, capable opponent.
TL;DR: The synthetic leonurine showed uterotonic activity in vivo and in vitro and was adaptable to large scale preparation.
Abstract: Leonurine (1) is the uterotonic principle of Leonurus artemisia. We have developed a simple, high-yield synthetic procedure of 1 that is adaptable to large scale preparation. The synthesis involves the condensation of syringic acid and 4-guanidino-1-butanol hydrochloride in the presence of DDC using 1:1 HMPT-ether as solvent. The synthetic leonurine showed uterotonic activity in vivo and in vitro.
TL;DR: Results suggest that cyclic-AMP may somehow be involved in the treatment of morphine addiction by electroacupuncture, and that pre-administration of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor subcutaneously or dibutyl-cyclic-amp intracerebrally into addicted animals completely antagonized the effect of electroac acupuncture.
TL;DR: The sludge was inferior for feeding chicks, as shown by their lower growth rates, although no visual gross histopathological symptoms in liver and kidney of chicks were observed, and further study should be made of the potential hazard of the various heavy metals present in the sewage sludge.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study a second-variation sufficient condition for proper system performance improvement by periodic control, based on the theory of optimal control developed by Hestenes, adapted to the present situation.
Abstract: We study a second-variation sufficient condition for proper system performance improvement by periodic control. The theory of optimal control developed by Hestenes is adapted to the present situation. Central to our development is the concept of normality which is overlooked by earlier investigators. Relationship with their results in this respect is discussed in terms of illustrative examples.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed SCF MO calculations on carbon and nitrogen trifluorides having 24 to 26 valence electrons and showed that the optimized structures follow the predictions of Pauling using electronegativity arguments and of Gillespie's VSEPR theory.
TL;DR: Bis-crown ethers with benzo-15crown-5 and benzo 18 crown-6 moieties bridged by different lengths of polyethylene ethers have been successfully synthesized as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief review of the major contingency leadership theories is made, and a study testing Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness is also reported, and it is suggested that longitudinal study of the leadership process encompassing the leader, his subordinates, and the situation needs to be made; the exact nature of the contingency relationship also need to be examined systematically.
Abstract: In this paper a brief review of the major contingency leadership theories is made. A study testing Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness is also reported here. It is suggested that longitudinal study of the leadership process encompassing the leader, his subordinates, and the situation needs to be made; the exact nature of the contingency relationship also needs to be examined systematically.
TL;DR: In this paper, a free-electron laser excited by traveling microwave radiation is suggested and discussed, and some desirable features of the microwave free electron laser are given. But none of these features are considered in this paper.
Abstract: A free-electron laser excited by traveling microwave radiation is suggested and discussed. Some desirable features of the microwave free-electron laser are given.
TL;DR: In this paper, five dienetric bicaronyliron complexes were synthesized and their Mossbauer spectra were discussed. But the reaction of 3,3′-biindenyltric bicarbonylmethyl with aluminium trichloride gives anthracene, but 3, 3′, 4,4, 4′-tetrahydro-1, 1, 1′-binaphthyltricbicarmonitrile, yields different products.