Showing papers by "The Chinese University of Hong Kong published in 1981"
01 Mar 1981
TL;DR: The mushroom obtained has higher protein content than and comparable carbohydrate content to Agaricus bisporus, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus, and has a high potential to be produced economically on a large scale in Hong Kong.
Abstract: A method for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajorcaju on a relatively large scale using cotton waste as substrate has been developed, and the mushroom so obtained has higher protein content than and comparable carbohydrate content to Agaricus bisporus, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus. The crude fats, ash, energy value, vitamin and mineral contents are lower and yet the differences are not great. The biological efficiency from cotton waste compost is lower than that from straw compost, however, the former has the advantage of giving rather even yield over successive flushes. This mushroom has a high potential to be produced economically on a large scale in Hong Kong.
189 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal expansivity of oriented polymers with widely different crystallinities (0.36-0.81) and draw ratios (1-20) was measured over large temperature ranges covering the major amorphous transitions in each case.
Abstract: Measurements on the thermal expansivity α∥ and α⟂ (along and normal to the draw direction, respectively) have been carried out for a series of oriented polymers with widely different crystallinities (0.36–0.81) and draw ratios (1–20) and over large temperature ranges covering the major amorphous transitions in each case. While α⟂ increases with temperature, α∥ tends to decrease sharply above the transition temperature. For highly crystalline polymers, α∥ decreases to values typical of polymer crystals (−1 × 10−5 K−1) and this can be attributed to the constraining effect of the crystalline bridges connecting the crystalline blocks. However, for polymers of lower crystallinity, α∥ may become an order of magnitude more negative and this remarkable phenomenon is attributed to the rubber–elastic contraction of taut tie-moleucles. Since taut tie-molecules and bridges have drastically different effects on α∥ at high temperatures, this allows a rough determination of their relative fractions.
113 citations
TL;DR: The discrepancy between the pattern of presenting complaints and admitted symptoms suggested that patients were aware of their emotional disturbance even though they tended to express these disturbances in somatic terms in their help-seeking processes.
Abstract: Depressive illness was a common clinical syndrome found in general practice in Hong Kong. The phenomenon of somatization among Chinese depressives in general practice was investigated. Patients clinically identified as depressed were compared with organic patients in terms of their presenting complaints and responses to a symptom checklist. Sleep disturbances, general malaise, pains and aches, dizziness, and menopausal symptoms were the most frequent disturbances that prompted Chinese depressives to seek help in general practice. When directly asked, these patients admitted having various psychological features including dysphoric mood, self-reproach, loss of interest in social activities and in sex. Subgroup comparisons showed little sex difference in initial complaints and admitted symptomatology among the depressives. Some age differences were observed in the presenting complaints. The discrepancy between the pattern of presenting complaints and admitted symptoms suggested that patients were aware of t...
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, confirmatory factor analysis is considered from a Bayesian viewpoint, in which prior information on parameter is incorporated in the analysis, and an iterative algorithm is developed to obtain the Bayes estimates.
Abstract: Confirmatory factor analysis is considered from a Bayesian viewpoint, in which prior information on parameter is incorporated in the analysis. An iterative algorithm is developed to obtain the Bayes estimates. A numerical example based on longitudinal data is presented. A simulation study is designed to compare the Bayesian approach with the maximum likelihood method.
79 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between nutritional patterns and physiological levels of endogenous hormones, in some species of cytosomes and fish, is studied and insulin seems to play a major role in regulating the nutritional metabolism, which is largely dependent on gluconeogenesis and on amino acids supply.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the validity of the Salmonella assay in screening metallic and/or organometallic cations is discussed, as well as the explanations to this discrepancy, and the results show that only chromium at its +6 oxidation state was found to be mutagenic.
56 citations
TL;DR: Gossypol enhanced respiration and abolished forward motility of boar spermatozoa and the effective concentration was 10(-5) M, similar to that reported in its uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria.
Abstract: Gossypol, the active component in cottonseed oil, inhibits spermatogenesis in many mammals. Gossypol enhanced respiration and abolished forward motility of boar spermatozoa. The effective concentration was 10-5 M, similar to that reported in its uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. Its antifertility effect may be a combination of the effect on the developing spermatids as well as that on spermatozoal motility.
54 citations
TL;DR: Enhanced survival during starvation in 1/3 sea water was observed to be associated with maintenance of plasma protein and elevation of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and it is suggested that sea breams be transferred to an iso-osmotic medium whenever the threat of starvation prevails.
Abstract: Red sea breams were kept at 20°C without food at 3 salinities (full sea water, 950 mOsm kg-1; 2/3 sea water, 640 mOsm kg-1; 1/3 sea water, 330 mOsm kg-1). In fish adapted to all 3 salinities, starvation resulted in marked decline of plasma FFA and β-hydroxybutyrate and liver glycogen levels but plasma glucose and lactate concentrations were maintained. These findings suggest that with the onset of starvation, enhanced hepatic glycogenolysis and decreased fat utilization occurred. Fish, adapted to full and 2/3 sea water, could not survive for more than 19 d without food. However, fish adapted to 1/3 sea water could tolerate 27 d of starvation. Enhanced survival during starvation in 1/3 sea water was observed to be associated with maintenance of plasma protein and elevation of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. It is suggested that sea breams be transferred to an iso-osmotic medium whenever the threat of starvation prevails, but this suggestion has yet to be evaluated in economic terms.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used activated sludge, digested sludge and pig manure extracts to grow Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the laboratory and measured cell number, oven-dried weight, chlorophyll and heavy metal contents.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the complexation between alkali metal picrate salts and bis-crown ethers with benzo-12crown-4, benzo 15crown 5 and benzo 18crown 6 moieties bridged by polyethylene glycol has been investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy.
Abstract: The complexation between alkali metal picrate salts and bis-crown ethers with benzo-12-crown-4, benzo-15-crown-5 and benzo-18-crown-6 moieties bridged by polyethylene glycol has been investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. Since these bis-crown ethers are potential phase transfer reagents and catalysts in reactions, their abilities to transfer alkali picrates from solid phase or from aqueous solution into chloroform are used to gauge their complexing efficiencies to wards alkali metal ions. It is found that there are at least two types of complexes formed between alkali picrates and bis-crown ethers in chloroform. One is the sandwich type of crown separated ion pair complexes present in the systems bis-benzo-12-crown-4 ethers–sodium picrate, bis-benzo-12-crown-4 ethers–potassium picrate, bis-benzo-15-crown-5-ethers–potassium picrate, bis-benzo-15-crown-5 ethers–rubidium picrate, bis-benzo-15-crown-5 ethers–cesium picrate, and bis-benzo-18-crown-6–cesium picrate. The other is the non-sandwich typ...
42 citations
TL;DR: The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the isotropic and drawn samples of five semicrystalline polymers were measured by the flash method over the temperature range 100-350 K as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the isotropic and drawn samples of five semicrystalline polymers—nylon 6, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), polybutene-1, and poly(4-methylpentene-1)—were measured by the flash method over the temperature range 100–350 K. The temperature dependence of the thermal diffusivity was found to follow a simple phenomenological pattern, while a more detailed understanding of the temperature dependence and the effect of orientation on thermal conductivity was obtained by using the modified Maxwell model.
TL;DR: Red sea bream could maintain constancy of muscle water, plasma osmolality and ion concentrations, but succumbed in media below iso-osmotic strength due to dilution of body fluids and loss of electrolytes, it was suggested that these apparent changes were the result of reduced substrate utilization in an iso-OSmotic medium.
TL;DR: Given a continuous, linear, feedback control system, the impulse response of the unknown plant is identified from the known measurement function in the feedback path and the given input and output records via block-pulse approximation of the continuous-time functions and the algorithm-typo solution for integral equations.
Abstract: Given a continuous, linear, feedback control system, the impulse response of the unknown plant is identified from the known measurement function in the feedback path and the given input and output records. The problem is approached via block-pulse approximation of the continuous-time functions and the algorithm-typo solution for integral equations. The method is easily adapted to digital computations.
TL;DR: It is found that the set has a close relationship with delta sequences and it is proved that theset of block-pulse functions is in fact complete.
Abstract: If the set of block-pulsa functions is incomplete, it cannot be guaranteed, for any given function, that an arbitrary small mean-square-error will be obtained by increasing the number of terms in the series. This paper studies the convergence properties of the block-pulse series. It is found that the set has a close relationship with delta sequences and it is proved that the set of block-pulse functions is in fact complete.
TL;DR: Carp amyloglucosidase and carp and catfish leucine-aminopeptidase activities were found to be widespread among enterocytes from all parts of the gut, and γ-glutamyl-transferase activity was rather found in the distal part of the intestine.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an explanation for the variable toxicity of crown ethers in Escherichia coli, showing that the presence of either potassium ion or sodium ion lengthens the lag due to substituted 18-crown-6 ethers.
TL;DR: It is suggested that in the sea bream, gluconeogenesis from protein is enhanced during starvation at low temperatures, and activity of glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in the liver were markedly elevated after 55 days of starvation.
TL;DR: The Pretransition in aqueous dispersions of two synthetic phospholipids has been examined in detail by differential scanning calorimetry and the observed hysteresis is shown to arise mainly from the kinetic nature of the pretransition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal expansivity of polyethylene was studied in a planar zig-zag chain model and it was found that α∥ = −1.3 × 10−5 K−1, in good agreement with experimental results.
Abstract: The thermal expansivity of polymer crystals in the direction parallel to the chain axis α∥ is studied in a planar zig-zag chain model. Using values of force constants for polyethylene, it was found that α∥ = −1.3 × 10−5 K−1, in good agreement with experimental results. Torsional modes are found to contribute slightly more than half α∥. The expansivity is independent of the mass of the atomic groups on the chain and only weakly dependent on the interchain van der Waals interaction.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that both H 2 BO and H 2 CN have a 2 B 2 ground electronic state and a 2 A' first excited state and that these radicals are planar and Y-shaped m the 2B 2 state but become non-planar on electronic excitation.
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: This paper identified two separate sources of role conflict which cause anxiety about the grading process: colleagues pressure us for low grades and students pressure us to get high grades, whereas they see high grades as a legitimate reward for their greater learning.
Abstract: We have found it helpful to identify two separate sources of role conflict which cause anxiety about the grading processes. One has to do with the distribution of the grades that are given. In this case the conflict arises when our colleagues pressure us for low grades (since too few low grades are often equated with lack of academic &dquo;rigor&dquo; and/or a popularity contest if student evaluations are used in promotion, tenure, and salary decisions for faculty); whereas our students pressure us for high grades (to reduce their anxiety and, if we are effective, as a legitimate reward for their greater learning). The second source of role conflict has to do with the kinds of behavior for which grades are given. In this case, a dilemma arises from OB faculty convictions that their courses should foster the development of interpersonal and group skills, which are unfamiliar to students who are used to performance criteria based solely on the acquisition of facts and concepts (see Mezoff et al., 1979, p. 31). Coping with the Grade Distribution Dilemma : With respect to the grading distribution dilemma, we have adopted an approach that we feel takes advantage of the nature of organizational norms that could otherwise be threatening to either our students or to ourselves. On the opening day of class we:
TL;DR: The harmful effects of substances other than heavy metals in the aqueous extracts of sewage sludge on seed germination and root elongation were revealed when the seeds of B. parachinensis were treated with mixtures of heavy metals with concentrations equivalent to those obtained in different portions of sludge extracts.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of gender and sex of applicants for gender-typed jobs were investigated in the context of a simulation of a post-interview decision, and the results indicated that, in general, masculine applicants (of both sexes) were preferred over androgynous applicants who were preferable over feminine applicants.
Abstract: The effects of gender and sex of applicants for gender-typed jobs were investigated in the context of a simulation of a post-interview decision. Student subjects (N=102) rated eight applicants for one of three gender-typed jobs. Results indicated that, in general, masculine applicants (of both sexes) were preferred over androgynous applicants who were preferred over feminine applicants. For the neutral job, androgynous applicants were preferred over masculine applicants who were preferred over feminine applicants. Male and female students did not differ in their ratings of the applicants. The results were interpreted as indicating raters' preference for masculine characteristics in any job applicant.
TL;DR: Material toxic to mice was found in the gallbladder of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and perliminary data on isolation and purification of the bile extract revealed that this toxic material is water soluble, heat stable, and probably polar.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Helmholtz force density for a dielectric fluid placed in an electric field is derived microscopically, and it is found that in addition to an electrical force, there is also an additional mechanical force proportional to the stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}$ and only the sum of the two equals
Abstract: The Helmholtz force density ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{f}}}^{(\mathrm{H})}$ for a dielectric fluid placed in an electric field is derived microscopically. It is found that in addition to an electrical force, there is also an additional mechanical force proportional to $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}$ and only the sum of the two equals ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{f}}}^{(\mathrm{H})}$. Time-dependent cases are briefly discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed study of chemically sprayed CdS thin films used in the fabrication of low-cost solar cells is presented, where the physical properties of the films as well as their conditions of preparation are investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the antibacterial activity of five crown ethers (15crown-5, 18crown6, benzo-18crown 6, 4′-methylbenzo, 18 crown-6 and dicyclohexano-19 crown 6) along with their corresponding ion transport efficiency and ion selectivity among five alkali metal ions (lithium, sodium, potassium, rabidium and cesium) are studied.
TL;DR: Metal contents obtained in the present study were within the range reported for the same species in areas where heavy-metal pollution is already recognized as a problem, and a long-term monitoring program of measuring the contents of various metals in seawater, sediment, and oysters is essential.
TL;DR: It is concluded that phage HK022 belongs to the λ family of temperature coliphages, and can recombine with phage λ or φ80.