Showing papers by "The Chinese University of Hong Kong published in 1986"
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of estimating the threshold parameter, i.e., the change point, of a threshold autoregressive model is studied by introducing smoothness into the model, sampling properties of the conditional least-squares estimate may be obtained Artificial and real data are used for illustrations
Abstract: The problem of estimating the threshold parameter, ie, the change point, of a threshold autoregressive model is studied By introducing smoothness into the model, sampling properties of the conditional least-squares estimate may be obtained Artificial and real data are used for illustrations
584 citations
TL;DR: The dimension of individualism-collectivism, as identified by Hofstede (1980), was studied using items developed both theoretically and emically in nine diverse cultures in this paper.
Abstract: The dimension of individualism-collectivism, as identified by Hofstede (1980), was studied using items developed both theoretically and emically in nine diverse cultures. The dimension was found to be analysable into four stable etic factors: Individualism had two aspects (Separation from Ingroups and Self-Reliance with Hedonism) and collectivism had two aspects (Family Integrity and Interdependence with Sociability). These four factors are orthogonal to each other. The location of nine cultures on these four factors was used to compute a “collectivism” score which correlated r = + · 73 with Hofstede's (1980) collectivism scores for the nine cultures. This approach enables the measurement of individualism-collectivism in each culture as well as across cultures, and shows that different methods for measuring individualism-collectivism converge.
523 citations
TL;DR: A British study of the informal rules of 22 social relationships was replicated among Japanese, Hong Kong and Italian samples as mentioned in this paper, where subjects were asked to rate the importance of 33 common and varying numbers of relationship-specific rules to each of these relationships on a 9-point bipolar scale.
Abstract: A British study of the informal rules of 22 social relationships was replicated among Japanese, Hong Kong and Italian samples. Subjects were asked to rate the importance of 33 common and varying numbers of relationship-specific rules to each of these relationships on a 9-point bipolar scale. Multivariate analyses showed each culture has a structure of highly endorsed rules, although a number of cross-cultural differences emerged in the nature of these rules, particularly those relating to intimacy. Certain cross-cultural predictions were confirmed.
253 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, fly ash was added to a sandy soil and a sandy loam to study its effects on soil microbial respiration, and a highly negative correlation was found between respiration and ash treatment for the sandy soil (r = −0·9904, p < 0·005).
122 citations
TL;DR: The linear analogue score can be used in Chinese patients with relative accuracy provided it has been well explained and younger patients and those with higher intelligence can make better judgement in placing a mark where they wish it to be.
Abstract: The linear analogue score can be used in Chinese patients with relative accuracy provided it has been well explained. The error from employing a vertical presentation is significantly less than that from a horizontal one. The choice of upward or downward orientation is a matter of convenience. Younger patients and those with higher intelligence are quicker to understand the concept and can make better judgement in placing a mark where they wish it to be. A linear analogue scale seems to be a suitable method to record and study pain in a Chinese population.
116 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that molecules with insulin-like bioactivity are present in Momordica charantia seeds.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general expression for the Goos-Hanchen lateral shift of a Gaussian wave beam, applicable for incident angle θ equal to, near, or larger than the critical angle, is obtained.
Abstract: A general expression for the Goos–Hanchen lateral shift of a Gaussian wave beam, applicable for incident angle θ equal to, near, or larger than the critical angle θc, is obtained It yields finite and smooth results around θc and coincides with Artmann’s classical result otherwise Another expression for the lateral shift of a different beam-field distribution is also obtained and shown to be quite similar to that of the Gaussian beam Comparisons with an existing theoretical expression and with available experimental data (for θ ≃ θc) are made Discussion of a different expression for θ away from θc obtained through an energy method is also presented
84 citations
TL;DR: Findings for nine taxa of Murraya are reported, including the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene from M. paniculata, which has been widely used in traditional medicine in east Asia.
77 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that nucleoside transport by rat erythrocytes occurs by two facilitated-diffusion systems which differ in their sensitivity to inhibition by both NBMPR and pCMBS.
Abstract: The sensitivity of nucleoside transport by rat erythrocytes to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) and the slowly permeating organomercurial,p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate (pCMBS), was investigated. The dose response curve for the inhibition of uridine transport (100 μM) by NBMPR was biphasic −35% of the transport activity was inhibited with an IC50 value of 0.25 nM, but 65% of the activity remained insensitive to concentrations as high as 1 μM. These two components of uridine transport are defined as NBMPR-sensitive and NBMPR-insensitive, respectively. Uridine influx by both components was saturable and conformed to simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and was inhibited by other nucleosides. The uridine affinity of the NBMPR-sensitive transport component was threefold higher than for the NBMPR-insensitive transport mechanism (apparentKm for uridine 50±18 and 163±28 μM, respectively). The two transport systems also differed in their sensitivity topCMBS. NBMPR-insensitive uridine transport was inhibited bypCMBS with an IC50 of ∼25μM, while 1 mMpCMBS had little effect on NBMPR-sensitive transport by intact cells.pCMBS inhibition was reduced in the presence of uridine and adenosine and reversed by the addition by β-mercaptoethanol, suggesting that thepCMBS-sensitive thiol group is located on the exterior surface of the erythrocyte membrane within the nucleoside binding site of the transport system. Inhibition of uridine transport by NBMPR was associated with high-affinity [3H]NBMPR binding to the cell membrane (apparentKd46±25 pM). Binding of inhibitor to these sites was competitively blocked by uridine and inhibited by adenosine, thymidine, dipyridamole, dilazep and nitrobenzylthioguanosine. Assuming that each NBMPR-sensitive transport site binds a single molecule of NBMPR, the calculated translocation capacity of each site is 25±6 molecules/site per sec at 22°C.pCMBS had no effect on [3H]NBMPR binding to intact cells but markedly inhibited binding to disrupted membranes indicating that the NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transporter probably has a thiol group located on the inner surface of the membrane. Exposure of rat erythrocyte membranes to UV light in the presence of [3H]NBMPR resulted in covalent radiolabeling of a membrane protein(s) (apparent Mr on SDS gel electropherograms of 62,000). Labeling of this protein was abolished in the presence of nitrobenzylthioguanosine. We conclude that nucleoside transport by rat erythrocytes occurs by two facilitated-diffusion systems which differ in their sensitivity to inhibition by both NBMPR andpCMBS.
72 citations
TL;DR: A new algorithm, which is a variant of the sign algorithm, is proposed for the adaptive adjustment of an FIR digital filter with an aim of improving the original convergence characteristics, yet retaining the advantage of hardware simplicity.
Abstract: A new algorithm, which is a variant of the sign algorithm, is proposed for the adaptive adjustment of an FIR digital filter with an aim of improving the original convergence characteristics, yet retaining the advantage of hardware simplicity. Based on a recently proposed theory for the sign algorithm, a practical design method is derived for the new algorithm, and it is shown by computer simulation that the new algorithm in fact performs significantly better than the original algorithm.
70 citations
TL;DR: This paper studies a message resequencing problem in a store-and-forward computer network where messages may go out of order while traversing logical channels where links may consist of multiple physical links which may be of different capacities.
Abstract: In this paper we study a message resequencing problem in a store-and-forward computer network where messages may go out of order while traversing logical channels. The logical channels are assumed to consist of multiple physical links which may be of different capacities. A message is dispatched to the fastest available link. Resequencing methods suggested in the literature [3] (resequencing at the channel level and resequencing at the virtual circuit level) are investigated for this link selection rule. The analysis is done on a two-node network connected by multiple links. The source node together with the set of outgoing links are modeled as an M/M/m queue with servers of different rates. The resequencing delay distribution and the average resequencing delay are derived. On multihop networks, the effect of message length, link numbers, link service rates, and the resequencing methods on resequeucing delay are investigated by simulation.
TL;DR: A patient with immunohistochemically confirmed nasal T‐cell lymphoma is reported to have developed systemic histiocytosis with marked hemophagocytotic, simulating malignant histiocytes, and the differential diagnosis from the latter is discussed.
Abstract: A patient with immunohistochemically confirmed nasal T-cell lymphoma is reported. He developed systemic histiocytosis with marked hemophagocytosis, simulating malignant histiocytosis. The differential diagnosis from the latter is discussed.
TL;DR: This article explored the structure of mutual stereotypes held by two interacting groups of undergraduates (local Hong Kong Chinese and American exchange students) and found that both groups saw the other as more prosocial or beneficent than themselves, a reversal of the "symmetry" pattern commonly found in such ratings.
TL;DR: It is suggested that trichosanthin exerts specific cytotoxic activity towards trophoblastic cells, and mouse melanoma cells were also sensitive to its cytotoxicity action.
TL;DR: The present study shows that the percentage of T‐cell lymphoma in Chinese is higher than in Caucasians, but lower than in Japanese, and when the age‐adjusted incidence of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is considered, the incidence rates in Hong Kong Chinese and Japanese in areas non‐endemic for adult T‐ cell lymphoma/leukemia are similar.
TL;DR: A satisfactory response characterized by correction of hypoalbuminemia, clearance of proteinuria, and an increase of endogenous creatinine clearance occurred with corticosteroid therapy, which resembles lipoid nephrosis in its responsiveness to steroid.
Abstract: The authors studied eight cases of IgA nephropathy presenting with nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed only mild mesangial proliferation or minor glomerular changes on light microscopic examination but typical features of IgA nephropathy on immunofluorescent and electron microscopic examination. A satisfactory response characterized by correction of hypoalbuminemia, clearance of proteinuria, and an increase of endogenous creatinine clearance occurred with corticosteroid therapy. These cases represent a variant of IgA nephropathy associated with a nephrotic syndrome that resembles lipoid nephrosis in its responsiveness to steroid.
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct method for handling incomplete data in general covariance structural models is investigated, and asymptotic statistical properties of the generalized least squares method are developed.
Abstract: A direct method in handling incomplete data in general covariance structural models is investigated. Asymptotic statistical properties of the generalized least squares method are developed. It is shown that this approach has very close relationships with the maximum likelihood approach. Iterative procedures for obtaining the generalized least squares estimates, the maximum likelihood estimates, as well as their standard error estimates are derived. Computer programs for the confirmatory factor analysis model are implemented. A longitudinal type data set is used as an example to illustrate the results.
TL;DR: During the differentiation of the presomitic mesoderm, somites were formed at the expense of somitomeres, suggesting that the som itomere was a morphological manifestation of the prospective somite.
Abstract: Consistently six to seven soniites were formed in explants of presomitic mesoderm of 8·5-day to 11·5-day mouse embryos and this number correlated well with the number of somitomeres previously identified in the same tissue by stereo SEM (Tam, Meier & Jacobson, 1982). During this period of development, the size of the presomitic mesoderm varied up to two-fold but the number of prospective somites remained unchanged. This pattern in the presomitic mesoderm was stable with respect to the number and the position of somites that were formed, the craniocaudal sequence and the rate of segmentation. The prospective somite also went through an orderly sequence of expansion and cellular rearrangement prior to segmentation. During the differentiation of the presomitic mesoderm, somites were formed at the expense of somitomeres, suggesting that the somitomere was a morphological manifestation of the prospective somite.
TL;DR: Two 1:1 mixed ligand complexes of copper(II) azide with substituted pyridines, namely di-μ(1,1)- azido-bis[azido(2-benzoylpyridine)]dicopper(II), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography.
TL;DR: Findings range from anti-implantation agents to abortifacient and pregnancy-terminating compounds, as well as a male contraceptive, which are reviewed to help solve the problem of population explosion.
TL;DR: A great variety of methods are available for the synthesis of cyclobutane derivatives as discussed by the authors, which generally allow regioselective as well as stereo-selective synthesis of extensively substituted four-membered ring carbocycles.
Abstract: A great variety of methods are available for the synthesis of cyclobutane derivatives. These methods generally allow regioselective as well as stereoselective synthesis of extensively substituted four-membered ring carbocycles. Although possessing intense ring strain, cyclobutanes are normally stable at room temperature, hence can be handled easily in laboratories. Nevertheless, four-membered ring compounds can undergo ring cleavage with extreme ease under several reaction conditions such as acidic condition, basic condition, nucleophilic attack, thermolysis, photolysis, oxidizing as well as reducing conditions. When the cyclobutane ring under investigation is appropriately designed to link to other functional groups, ring opening can be usually followed by skeletal rearrangement. These intriguing reactions would yield compounds with very complex structures. Therefore, the combined effect of all these special properties enables cyclobutane derivatives to become very versatile and useful starting materials for organic synthesis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the fundamental changes in the management of state enterprises that are taking place in China and discuss the expansion of enterprise autonomy and changes in managerial decision-making structure.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the fundamental changes in the management of state enterprises that are taking place in China. Specifically, we discuss the expansion of enterprise autonomy and changes in the managerial decision-making structure. The genesis of the reform programme is traced back to inefficiencies caused by the over-centralized state planning system which reduced enterprise management to little more than an administrative function dominated by the Party secretary. As a consequence, managerial and technical cadres became demoralized and the growth of staff functions such as accounting, marketing and personnel management was stunted. From a series of experiments launched in 1978 has grown the realization that tinkering around with the state planning apparatus is insufficient to stimulate entrepreneurship and vigorous industrial expansion. Accordingly, reform has been launched on a broad front both within the state apparatus, in an endeavour to roll back external constraints on enterprise, and within the enterprise itself, by seeking to provide powerful incentives both to managerial cadres and workers through a system stressing individual responsibility and rewards commensurate with results. A number of severe constraints on the reform programme are analysed, in particular, the changing balance of power within the enterprise between the factory director, the Party secretary, the workers’congress and the trade union. Contradictions exist within the new structure of decision-making but, given a period of political stability and sustained economic growth, there should be sufficient surplus to mollify discontent and stifle those who refuse to give up their belief in the virtues of having‘politics in command’of the industrial enterprise.
TL;DR: There are clear temporal developmental stages in drug use beginning with cigarettes and alcohol, then progressing to marijuana and finally cocaine, hallucinogens, and other drugs, and the decline in prevalence of marijuana use and the stabilization of alcohol use in the face of a rise in the incidence of cocaine.
TL;DR: An examination of the roots of Murraya for the presence of the dimeric indole yuehchukene has revealed a dichotomy in the genus between species producing this alkaloid and those producing the carbazole alkaloids girinimbine, with no apparent overlap between the two groups of species.
TL;DR: The results indicate that mesangial IgA deposits in IgA nephropathy consist mainly of IgA with lambda light chains despite the fact that the normal ratio of kappa to lambda light-chain-containing immunoglobulin in human serum is two to one.
Abstract: The immunochemical characterization of the light chains of the mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits were studied in 45 patients with IgA nephropathy. Kappa and lambda light chains were detected with direct immunofluorescence (IF) method, using monospecific rabbit anti-human anti-kappa and anti-lambda anti-sera. The glomeruli of 42 renal biopsies studied were strongly positive for lambda light chain, while only 25 specimens were positive for kappa light chain. Sixty-five percent of the biopsies showed a predominance of lambda light chain IF staining in the mesangial deposits. This IF pattern is unique as compared with similar studies on renal biopsies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, and normal postmortem renal tissue. The results indicate that mesangial IgA deposits in IgA nephropathy consist mainly of IgA with lambda light chains despite the fact that the normal ratio of kappa to lambda light-chain-containing immunoglobulin in human serum is two to one.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the findings of two empirical studies to highlight the prospects and problems of employing advertising as a marketing tool in China and concluded that the Chinese advertising set-up should not be viewed as a Madison Avenue of the East but be assessed in the light of the idiosyncratic nature which pervades the current economic adjustment in the country.
Abstract: With China's decision to readjust its economy in 1979, marketing and advertising also came to the fore. Foreign advertising is officially welcomed, and it accounts for some 6 per cent of advertising turnover over the years. Since advertising as a marketing tool is still very much in its formative stage, this paper examines the findings of two empirical studies to highlight the prospects and problems of employing advertising as a marketing tool in China. It is concluded that the Chinese advertising set-up should not be viewed as a Madison Avenue of the East but be assessed in the light of the idiosyncratic nature which pervades the current economic adjustment in the country.
TL;DR: The aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis yielded the alkaloids kokusaginine, skimmianine, arborinine, γ-fagarine, graveoline and the new alkaloid 3′-hydroxygraveoline as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: It is suggested that cell death may be a contributory factor in preventing segmentation in the chick embryo and that in the normal embryo massive cell death overtakes the tail bud mesoderm before it can segment.
Abstract: In the chick embryo, the tail bud reaches its maximum length at about stage 22 of Hamburger and Hamilton, after which it starts to regress By this stage the neural tube and notochord extend right to the tip of the tail, but the somites do not do so, the terminal tail bud mesoderm never becoming segmented The investigation is concerned with analysing why this mesoderm fails to segment When tail buds were explanted to the chorio-allantoic membrane, they continued to form somites only until the "correct" number had segmented, ie, the tail bud formed no more somites when isolated from the embryo than it would have formed if undisturbed Morphological studies suggest that in the normal embryo massive cell death overtakes the tail bud mesoderm before it can segment It is suggested therefore that cell death may be a contributory factor in preventing segmentation
TL;DR: An aqueous extract of Pleurotus sajor-caju was found to have a hypotensive effect in rats and was also found to affect renal hemodynamics such that it caused a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate after 120 minutes.
TL;DR: In this article, synthesis and spectroscopic data are presented for R3SnIV compounds, where R is predominantly p-tolyl, of the following types: R 3SnX·L (X = Cl, Br or NCS; L = neutral, monodentate oxygen donor), R 3snY (YH = 1,2,4-triazole, N-phenyl-N-benzoylhydroxamic, succinanilic, levulinic and hippuric acids) and [R3SnL2