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Institution

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

EducationHong Kong, China
About: The Chinese University of Hong Kong is a education organization based out in Hong Kong, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 43411 authors who have published 93672 publications receiving 3066651 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of networks and changing institutional environments on venture capital during different phases of an economic transition process in emerging economies is investigated and the implications are for venture capital and the role of informal institutions as formal institutions become more established.
Abstract: Emerging economies are characterized by fundamental and comprehensive institutional transformations as their economies begin to mature. How venture capitalist functions in environments that differ so fundamentally from those of the mature markets where venture capital was initially developed has only begun to be addressed. This article builds a framework to further the understanding of venture capital practice in emerging markets. Specific attention is focused on the impact of networks in the model, in particular, how networks and other informal institutions can act to supplement or replace formal institutions when they are weak. The article goes on to examine what the implications are for venture capital and the role of informal institutions in emerging economies as formal institutions become more established. The research and resulting model is grounded in 65 semistructured interviews with venture capitalists in emerging economies around East Asia. This article contributes to the literature by drawing attention to the impact of networks and changing institutional environments on venture capital during different phases of an economic transition process in emerging economies. The findings have implications for understanding institutional impact on venture capital activity as well as entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ventures that seek venture capital financing in emerging economies.

404 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors examined whether and how individual auditors affect audit outcomes using a large set of archival Chinese data and found that the effects of individual auditor characteristics on audit quality are both economically and statistically significant, and are pronounced in both large and small audit firms.
Abstract: We examine whether and how individual auditors affect audit outcomes using a large set of archival Chinese data. We analyze about 800 individual auditors and find that they exhibit significant variation in audit quality. The effects that individual auditors have on audit quality are both economically and statistically significant, and are pronounced in both large and small audit firms. We also find that the individual auditor effects on audit quality can be partially explained by auditor characteristics, such as educational background, Big N audit firm experience, rank in the audit firm, and political affiliation. Our findings highlight the importance of scrutinizing and understanding audit quality at the individual auditor level.

404 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
20 Jun 2005
TL;DR: A new supervised algorithm, Marginal Fisher Analysis (MFA), is proposed, for dimensionality reduction by designing two graphs that characterize the intra-class compactness and inter-class separability, respectively.
Abstract: In the last decades, a large family of algorithms - supervised or unsupervised; stemming from statistic or geometry theory - have been proposed to provide different solutions to the problem of dimensionality reduction. In this paper, beyond the different motivations of these algorithms, we propose a general framework, graph embedding along with its linearization and kernelization, which in theory reveals the underlying objective shared by most previous algorithms. It presents a unified perspective to understand these algorithms; that is, each algorithm can be considered as the direct graph embedding or its linear/kernel extension of some specific graph characterizing certain statistic or geometry property of a data set. Furthermore, this framework is a general platform to develop new algorithm for dimensionality reduction. To this end, we propose a new supervised algorithm, Marginal Fisher Analysis (MFA), for dimensionality reduction by designing two graphs that characterize the intra-class compactness and inter-class separability, respectively. MFA measures the intra-class compactness with the distance between each data point and its neighboring points of the same class, and measures the inter-class separability with the class margins; thus it overcomes the limitations of traditional Linear Discriminant Analysis algorithm in terms of data distribution assumptions and available projection directions. The toy problem on artificial data and the real face recognition experiments both show the superiority of our proposed MFA in comparison to LDA.

404 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Transient elastography is a reasonable noninvasive tool to substitute liver biopsy among the lowest and highest risk patients for the assessment of liver fibrosis and can be avoided in 62% and 58% of patients with normal and elevated ALT respectively.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to know the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) cutoffs for different stages of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to investigate the effect of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on LSM. We prospectively studied consecutive CHB patients undergoing liver biopsy and transient elastography examinations. Diagnostic performance of LSM for different degrees of liver fibrosis was evaluated. One hundred and sixty-one CHB patients with adequate liver biopsy sample size were studied. Area under receiver operating characteristics curves of LSM for no fibrosis (F0 vs F1-4), bridging fibrosis (F0-2 vs F3-4) and liver cirrhosis (F0-3 vs F4) was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.68-0.92), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.93) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89-0.97) respectively. For liver cirrhosis, these optimal cutoff values were 8.4 kPa (98% sensitivity), 9.0 kPa (maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity), 13.4 kPa (94% specificity) and 13.4 kPa (maximum diagnostic accuracy, 85%) respectively. Patients with the same fibrosis staging but higher ALT levels tend to have higher LSM, and the diagnostic performance for low stage fibrosis was most seriously affected when ALT was elevated. Different LSM cutoff values and algorithms were derived for normal and elevated ALT levels. Based on these algorithms, liver biopsy can be avoided in 62% and 58% of patients with normal and elevated ALT respectively. In conclusion, transient elastography is a reasonable noninvasive tool to substitute liver biopsy among the lowest and highest risk patients for the assessment of liver fibrosis.

403 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-214-3p transfers to osteoblasts to inhibit bone formation, which may be a strategy for treating skeletal disorders involving a reduction in bone formation.
Abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that osteoclasts direct osteoblastic bone formation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a crucial role in regulating osteoclast and osteoblast function. However, whether miRNAs mediate osteoclast-directed osteoblastic bone formation is mostly unknown. Here, we show that increased osteoclastic miR-214-3p associates with both elevated serum exosomal miR-214-3p and reduced bone formation in elderly women with fractures and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Osteoclast-specific miR-214-3p knock-in mice have elevated serum exosomal miR-214-3p and reduced bone formation that is rescued by osteoclast-targeted antagomir-214-3p treatment. We further demonstrate that osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-214-3p is transferred to osteoblasts to inhibit osteoblast activity in vitro and reduce bone formation in vivo. Moreover, osteoclast-targeted miR-214-3p inhibition promotes bone formation in ageing OVX mice. Collectively, our results suggest that osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-214-3p transfers to osteoblasts to inhibit bone formation. Inhibition of miR-214-3p in osteoclasts may be a strategy for treating skeletal disorders involving a reduction in bone formation.

403 citations


Authors

Showing all 43993 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Michael Marmot1931147170338
Jing Wang1844046202769
Jiaguo Yu178730113300
Yang Yang1712644153049
Mark Gerstein168751149578
Gang Chen1673372149819
Jun Wang1661093141621
Jean Louis Vincent1611667163721
Wei Zheng1511929120209
Rui Zhang1512625107917
Ben Zhong Tang1492007116294
Kypros H. Nicolaides147130287091
Thomas S. Huang1461299101564
Galen D. Stucky144958101796
Joseph J.Y. Sung142124092035
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023212
2022903
20217,888
20207,245
20195,968
20185,372