scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

The Cyprus Institute

OtherNicosia, Cyprus
About: The Cyprus Institute is a other organization based out in Nicosia, Cyprus. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Aerosol & Environmental science. The organization has 418 authors who have published 1252 publications receiving 32586 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
17 Sep 2015-Nature
TL;DR: It is found that emissions from residential energy use such as heating and cooking, prevalent in India and China, have the largest impact on premature mortality globally, being even more dominant if carbonaceous particles are assumed to be most toxic.
Abstract: Assessment of the global burden of disease is based on epidemiological cohort studies that connect premature mortality to a wide range of causes, including the long-term health impacts of ozone and fine particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). It has proved difficult to quantify premature mortality related to air pollution, notably in regions where air quality is not monitored, and also because the toxicity of particles from various sources may vary. Here we use a global atmospheric chemistry model to investigate the link between premature mortality and seven emission source categories in urban and rural environments. In accord with the global burden of disease for 2010 (ref. 5), we calculate that outdoor air pollution, mostly by PM2.5, leads to 3.3 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.61-4.81) million premature deaths per year worldwide, predominantly in Asia. We primarily assume that all particles are equally toxic, but also include a sensitivity study that accounts for differential toxicity. We find that emissions from residential energy use such as heating and cooking, prevalent in India and China, have the largest impact on premature mortality globally, being even more dominant if carbonaceous particles are assumed to be most toxic. Whereas in much of the USA and in a few other countries emissions from traffic and power generation are important, in eastern USA, Europe, Russia and East Asia agricultural emissions make the largest relative contribution to PM2.5, with the estimate of overall health impact depending on assumptions regarding particle toxicity. Model projections based on a business-as-usual emission scenario indicate that the contribution of outdoor air pollution to premature mortality could double by 2050.

3,848 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the lacquer used to cover warriors and certain parts of weapons is rich in chromium, and it is demonstrated that chromium on the metals is contamination from nearby lacquer after burial, and the chromium anti-rust treatment theory should be abandoned.
Abstract: For forty years, there has been a widely held belief that over 2,000 years ago the Chinese Qin developed an advanced chromate conversion coating technology (CCC) to prevent metal corrosion. This belief was based on the detection of chromium traces on the surface of bronze weapons buried with the Chinese Terracotta Army, and the same weapons’ very good preservation. We analysed weapons, lacquer and soils from the site, and conducted experimental replications of CCC and accelerated ageing. Our results show that surface chromium presence is correlated with artefact typology and uncorrelated with bronze preservation. Furthermore we show that the lacquer used to cover warriors and certain parts of weapons is rich in chromium, and we demonstrate that chromium on the metals is contamination from nearby lacquer after burial. The chromium anti-rust treatment theory should therefore be abandoned. The good metal preservation probably results from the moderately alkaline pH and very small particle size of the burial soil, in addition to bronze composition.

1,097 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway and aims to provide a better understanding of the combined risks posed in the Mediterranean Basin, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based.
Abstract: Recent accelerated climate change has exacerbated existing environmental problems in the Mediterranean Basin that are caused by the combination of changes in land use, increasing pollution and declining biodiversity. For five broad and interconnected impact domains (water, ecosystems, food, health and security), current change and future scenarios consistently point to significant and increasing risks during the coming decades. Policies for the sustainable development of Mediterranean countries need to mitigate these risks and consider adaptation options, but currently lack adequate information — particularly for the most vulnerable southern Mediterranean societies, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based. A dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway and aims to provide a better understanding of the combined risks posed.

699 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The drivers behind current rises in the use of low-cost sensors for air pollution management in cities are illustrated, while addressing the major challenges for their effective implementation.

591 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of ambient temperature on the peak electricity demand was analyzed and it was shown that higher temperatures have a serious impact on the electricity consumption of the building sector increasing considerably the peak and the total electricity demand.

572 citations


Authors
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
ETH Zurich
122.4K papers, 5.1M citations

80% related

University of Bern
79.4K papers, 3.1M citations

79% related

University of Maryland, College Park
155.9K papers, 7.2M citations

78% related

University of Colorado Boulder
115.1K papers, 5.3M citations

78% related

National Research Council
76K papers, 2.4M citations

77% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202366
202274
2021200
2020157
2019136
2018111