Institution
The Cyprus Institute
Other•Nicosia, Cyprus•
About: The Cyprus Institute is a other organization based out in Nicosia, Cyprus. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Aerosol & Environmental science. The organization has 418 authors who have published 1252 publications receiving 32586 citations.
Topics: Aerosol, Environmental science, Lattice QCD, Geology, Nucleon
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Testing different available policy options reveals that the installation of wastewater treatment works in all major settlements of the catchment could ensure nitrate levels are kept at near their baseline values for the 2021-2050 period, Nevertheless, a combination of measures including WWTWs, meadow creation, international agreements to reduce atmospheric N concentrations and controls on agricultural practises will be required for 2069-2098.
26 citations
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TL;DR: The results show that despite their small size, local airports serving remote insular regions should be considered as important air pollution hotspots, raising concerns for the exposure of the people working and leaving in their vicinities to hazardous pollutants.
26 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a commercial gas chromatograph coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and one proton transfer mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) were deployed in Istanbul (Turkey) at an urban site in September 2014.
Abstract: . In the framework of the TRANSport Emissions and Mitigation in the East
Mediterranean (TRANSEMED/ChArMEx) program, volatile organic compound (VOC)
measurements were performed for the first time in Istanbul (Turkey) at an
urban site in September 2014. One commercial gas chromatograph coupled to a
flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and one proton transfer mass spectrometer
(PTR-MS) were deployed. In addition, sorbent tubes and canisters were
implemented within the megacity close to major emission sources. More than
70 species including non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs),
and organic compounds of intermediate volatility (IVOCs) have been
quantified. Among these compounds, 23 anthropogenic and biogenic species
were continuously collected at the urban site. VOC concentrations show a great variability with maxima exceeding 10 ppb
(i.e., n -butane, toluene, methanol, and acetaldehyde) and mean values between
0.1 (methacrolein + methyl vinyl ketone) and 4.9 ppb (methanol). OVOCs represent
43.9 % of the total VOC concentrations followed by alkanes (26.3 %),
aromatic compounds (20.7 %), alkenes (4.8 %), terpenes
(3.4 %), and acetonitrile (0.8 %). Five factors have been extracted from the Positive Matrix Factorization
model (EPA PMF 5.0) and have been compared to source profiles established by
near-field measurements and other external variables (meteorological
parameters, NOx , CO, SO2 , etc.). Surprisingly, road transport
is not the dominant source, only explaining 15.8 % of measured VOC
concentrations contrary to the local emission inventory. Other factors are
toluene from solvent use (14.2 %), biogenic terpenes (7.8 %), natural
gas evaporation (25.9 %) composed of butanes, and a last factor
characterized by mixed regional emissions and composed of most of the
species (36.3 %). The PMF model results point out the influence of industrial
emissions while there is no clear evidence of the impact of ship emissions
on the measured VOC distribution. For the latter additional measurements of
organic compounds of lower volatility like IVOC would be helpful. The
sensitivity of PMF results to input data (time resolution, meteorological
period, peak episode, interpolation method) was tested. While some PMF runs do not perform as well statistically as the reference run, sensitivity tests
show that the same factors (number and type) are found with slightly different
factor contributions (up to 16 % of change). Finally, the emission ratios (ERs) of VOCs relative to carbon monoxide (CO)
were established. These ratios are usually higher than the ones of other
cities worldwide but in the same range of magnitude. These ERs and the road
transport factor from PMF were used to estimate VOC emissions and to
evaluate three downscaled global emissions inventories (EDGAR, ACCMIP, and
MACCity). It was found that the total annual VOC anthropogenic emissions by
global inventories were either within the same range by a factor of 2 to
3 for alkanes and aromatics or underestimated by an order of magnitude,
especially for oxygenated VOCs.
26 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact of new particle formation (NPF) on cloud formation and droplet number concentration (CDNC) in the Eastern Mediterranean region was investigated. But the authors focused on the early stages of the process of droplet formation.
Abstract: . A significant fraction of atmospheric particles that serve as cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) are thought to originate from the condensational
growth of new particle formation (NPF) from the gas phase. Here, 7 years of
continuous aerosol and meteorological measurements (June 2008 to May 2015)
at a remote background site of the eastern Mediterranean were recorded and
analyzed to assess the impact of NPF (of 162 episodes identified) on CCN and
cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) formation in the region. A new
metric is introduced to quantitatively determine the initiation and duration
of the influence of NPF on the CCN spectrum. NPF days were found to increase
CCN concentrations (from 0.10 % to 1.00 % supersaturation) between 29 %
and 77 %. Enhanced CCN concentrations from NPF are mostly observed, as
expected, under low preexisting particle concentrations and occur in the
afternoon, relatively later in the winter and autumn than in the summer.
Potential impacts of NPF on cloud formation were quantified by introducing
the observed aerosol size distributions and chemical composition into an
established cloud droplet parameterization. We find that the
supersaturations that develop are very low (ranging between 0.03 % and
0.27 %) for typical boundary layer dynamics ( σw ∼0.3 m s −1 ) and NPF is found to enhance CDNC by a modest
13 %. This considerable contrast between CCN and CDNC response is in part
from the different supersaturation levels considered, but also because
supersaturation drops from increasing CCN because of water vapor competition
effects during the process of droplet formation. The low cloud
supersaturation further delays the appearance of NPF impacts on CDNC to
clouds formed in the late evening and nighttime – which has important
implications for the extent and types of indirect effects induced by NPF
events. An analysis based on CCN concentrations using prescribed
supersaturation can provide very different, even misleading, conclusions and
should therefore be avoided. The proposed approach here offers a simple, yet
highly effective way for a more realistic impact assessment of NPF events on
cloud formation.
26 citations
01 Apr 2019
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that failing to climate-proof infrastructure investments can result in significant electricity price fluctuations in selected countries (Uganda & Tanzania) while others, such as Egypt, are less vulnerable.
Abstract: Notwithstanding current heavy dependence on gas-fired electricity generation in the Eastern African Power Pool (EAPP), hydropower is expected to play an essential role in improving electricity access in the region. Expansion planning of electricity infrastructure is critical to support investment and maintaining balanced consumer electricity prices. Variations in water availability due to a changing climate could leave hydro infrastructure stranded or result in underutilization of available resources. In this study, we develop a framework consisting of long-term models for electricity supply and water systems management, to assess the vulnerability of potential expansion plans to the effects of climate change. We find that the most resilient EAPP rollout strategy corresponds to a plan optimised for a slightly wetter climate compared to historical trends. This study demonstrates that failing to climate-proof infrastructure investments can result in significant electricity price fluctuations in selected countries (Uganda & Tanzania) while others, such as Egypt, are less vulnerable.
26 citations
Authors
Showing all 459 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Philippe Ciais | 149 | 965 | 114503 |
Jonathan Williams | 102 | 613 | 41486 |
Jos Lelieveld | 100 | 570 | 37657 |
Andrew N. Nicolaides | 90 | 572 | 30861 |
Efstathios Stiliaris | 88 | 340 | 25487 |
Leonard A. Barrie | 74 | 177 | 17356 |
Nikos Mihalopoulos | 69 | 280 | 15261 |
Karl Jansen | 57 | 498 | 11874 |
Jean Sciare | 56 | 129 | 9374 |
Euripides G. Stephanou | 54 | 128 | 14235 |
Lefkos T. Middleton | 54 | 184 | 15683 |
Elena Xoplaki | 53 | 129 | 12097 |
Theodoros Christoudias | 50 | 197 | 7765 |
Dimitris Drikakis | 49 | 286 | 7136 |
George K. Christophides | 48 | 127 | 11099 |